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Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2011, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 139 - 144, 20.02.2013

Abstract

Yağmur damlalarının çarpma etkisiyle toprakların strüktürel yapıları bozulmakta ve agregatlar dağılmaktadır. Tekselleşen
agregatlardan serbestlenen ince fraksiyonlar gözenekleri tıkayarak kısa sürede yüzey akışın oluşmasına ve yüzey akış ile toprak ve su
kaybının artmasına neden olmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın amacı, toprak yüzeyinin farklı oranlarda (%0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
90 ve 100) buğday samanı ile malçlanmasının laboratuvar şartlarında yüzey akış ve toprak kayıpları üzerine etkilerini belirlemektir.
Araştırmada tın tekstür sınıfında 4.76 mm’den elenmiş toprak örneğinin yüzeyi farklı oranlarda buğday samanı ile malçlanarak %9
eğimde 25 mm saat-1 yoğunlukta Eijkelkamp Rainfall Simulator’de 15 dakika yağışa tabi tutulmuş ve yüzey akışla oluşan toprak ve
su kayıpları belirlenmiştir. Yağış sonrasında yüzey akış ile meydana gelen su ve toprak kayıp miktarları bakımından malçlama
oranları arasında çok önemli düzeyde (p

References

  • Adekalu, K.O., Okunade, D.A., Osunbitan, J.A., 2006. Compaction and mulching effects on soil loss and runoff from two southwestern Nigeria agricultural soils. Geoderma, 137: 226- 230.
  • Adekalu, K.O., Olorunfemi, I.A., Osunbitan, J.A., 2007. Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria. Bioresource Tech, 98: 912– 917.
  • Agassi, M., Hadas, A., Benyamini, Y., Levy, G.J., Kautsky, L., Avrahamov, L., Zhevelev, L., 1998. Mulching effect of composted municipal solid wastes on water percolation and rate of compost degradation. Compost Sci. Util., 6: 34–41.
  • Agassi, M., Levy, G.J., Hadas, A., Benyamini, Y., Zhevelev, H., Fizik, E., Gotessman, M., Sasson, N., 2004. Mulching with composted municipal solid wastes in Central Negev, Israel: I. effects on minimizing rainwater losses and on hazards to the environment. Soil Till Res., 78: 103–113.
  • Agassi, M., Morin, J., Shainberg, I., 1985. Effect of raindrop impact energy and water salinity on infiltration rates of sodic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 186–190.
  • Agassi, M., Shainberg, I., Morin, J., 1981. Effect of electrolyte concentration and soil sodicity on infiltration rate and crust formation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45: 848–851.
  • Benkobi, L., Trlica, M.J., Smith, J.L., 1993. Soil loss as affected by different combinations of surface litter and rock. Journal of Environmental Quality, 22(4): 657-661.
  • Bernett, A.P., Disketer, E.G., Richardson, E.C., 1967. Evaluation of mulching methods for erosion control on newly prepared and seeded highway back slope. Agronomy J., 59: 83–85.
  • Bhatt, R., Khera, K.L., 2006. Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in the submontaneous tract of Punjab, India. Soil Tillage Research, 88: 107–115.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk Density. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 363-375, 1188 p, Wisconsin.
  • Blavet, D., De Noni, G., Le Bissonnais, Y., Leonard, M., Maillo, L., Laurent, J.Y., Asseline, J., Leprun, J.C., Arshad, M.A., Roose, E., 2009. Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards. Soil Till Res., 106: 124–136.
  • Cassel, D.K., Nielsen, D.R., 1986. Field Capacity and Available Water Capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 901-926, 1188 p, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Duiker, S.W., Lal, R., 1999. Crop residue and tillage effects on carbon sequestration in a Luvisol in central Ohio. Soil Till. Res., 52: 73–81.
  • Findeling, A., Ruy, S., Scopel, E., 2003. Modeling the effects of a partial residue mulch on runoff using a physically based approach. J. Hydrol., 275: 49–66.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle-Size Analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 383-411, 1188 p, Wisconsin
  • Geren, H., Yönter, G., 2007. Bazı serin iklim çim buğdaygillerinin laboratuvar koşullarında su erozyonuna etkisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 44(2):1-15.
  • Ghawi, I., Battikhi, A., 1986. Water melon production under mulch and trickle irrigation in the Jordan Valley. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci., 157: 145–155
  • Havlin, J.L., Kissel, D.E., Maddus, L.D., Claassen, M.M., Long, J.H., 1990. Crop rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54: 448–452.
  • Jordan, A., Zavala, L.M., Gil, J., 2010.Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern Spain. Catena, 81: 77-85.
  • Kara, E.E., Sezer, İ., 1992. Anız yakma. Ekoloji, 5: 18-22.
  • Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 425- 442, 1188 p, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Kılıç, M., Yönter, G., 2005. Yağışla meydana gelen toprak kaybının yüzey akış miktarı ve yağış süresine bağlı değişiminin modellenmesi. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 42(1): 97-106.
  • Lal, R., 1988. Soil Erosion Research Methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, Iowa-USA.
  • Lal, R., Stewart, B.A., 1995. Managing soils for enhancing and sustaining agricultural production. Soil Management: Experimental Basis for Sustainability and Environmental Quality. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-9.
  • Levy, G.J., Shainberg, I., Morin, J., 1986. Factors affecting the stability of soil crusts in subsequent storms. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50: 196–201.
  • Mastana, P.S., 1988. Effect of crop residue management practices on nitrogen balance in water eroded cultivated land. M.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  • McLean, E.O., 1982. Soil pH and Lime Requirement. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 199-224, 1159 p, Madison, Wisconsin.
  • Meyer, L.D., 1985. Interrill erosion rates and sediment characteristics. In: El-Swaify, S.A., Moldenhauer, W.C., Andrew, L. (Eds.), Soil Erosion and Conservation. Soil Conserv. Soc. Am., Ankeny, IA, pp. 167–177.
  • Mills, W.C., Thomas, A.W., Langdale, G.W., 1986. Estimating soil loss probabilities for southern Piedmont cropping-tillage systems. Trans. ASAE, 29: 948–955.
  • Mulumba, L.N., Lal, R., 2008. Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties.Soil Tillage Res., 98: 106-111.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 539-579, 1159 p, Wisconsin USA.
  • Nelson, R.E., 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 181-197, 1159 p, Wisconsin
  • Osunbitan, J.A., Adekalu, K.O., 1997. Slope and mulch cover effect on runoff and infiltration from three southwestern Nigerian soils. J. of Agricultural Engineering Tech., 5: 54–61.
  • Osunbitan, J.A., Adekalu, K.O., 2000. Percent mulch cover and rainfall duration effect on soil loss and runoff from three southwestern Nigerian soils. Ife J. of Technology, 9: 125– 130.
  • Poesen, J.W.A., Lavee, H., 1991. Effects of size and incorporation of synthetic mulch on runoff and sediment yield from interrills in a laboratory study with simulated rainfall. Soil Tillage Res., 21: 209–223.
  • Rees, H.W., Chow, T.L., Loro, P.J., Lovoie, J., Monteith, J.O., Blaauw, A., 2002. Hay mulching to reduce runoff and soil loss under intensive potato production in Northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci., 82: 249–258.
  • Rees, H.W., Chow, T.L., Walker, D.F., Smith, O.M., 1999. Potential use of underseeded barley to increase carbon inputs to a loam soil in New Brunswick potato belt, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci., 79: 211–216.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982a. Cation Exchange Capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9, 149-157, 1159 p, Wisconsin.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982b. Soluble Salts. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9, 167-179, 1159 p, Wisconsin USA.
  • Samray, H., 2006. Rüzgarlı Yağış Koşullarında Eğim Yönünün Yüzey Akış Sediment Taşınımı Üzerine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Anabilim Dalı, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Schwab, G.O., Frever, R.K., Edminster, T.W., Barnes, K.K., 1993. Soils and Water Conservation Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Smets, T., Poesen, J., Knapen, A., 2008. Spatial scale effects on the effectiveness of organic mulches in reducing soil erosion by water. Earth-Science Reviews, 89: 1-12.
  • SPSS, 1999. SPSS for Windows, Release 10.0.5., SPSS Inc., USA.
  • Taysun, A., 1986. Gediz Havzası’nda Rendzina Tarım Topraklarında Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Yardımıyla Taşlar, Bitki Artıkları ve Polivinilalkol’ün (PVA) Toprak Özellikleri ile Birlikte Erozyona Etkileri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. E.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 474.
  • Taysun, A., Çengel, M., 1987. Anız yakmanın toprak özellikleri ve erozyon üzerine etkileri. Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Der. Barajlarımızın Yukarı Yağış Havzaları Sempozyumu. Ankara.
  • Tinsley, J., 1970. A Manuel of Experiments for Student of Soil Science. Department of Soil Science University of Aberdeen. p: 128. Scotland, UK.
  • Wischmeier, W.H., 1984. The USLE-some reflections. J. of Soil and Water Conservation, 39: 105-107.
  • Yönter, G., Taysun, A., 2004. Farklı çaplardaki taş örtü oranlarının yapay yağmurlayıcı koşulları altında su erozyonuna etkisi. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 41(3):185-196.
Year 2011, Volume: 42 Issue: 2, 139 - 144, 20.02.2013

Abstract

References

  • Adekalu, K.O., Okunade, D.A., Osunbitan, J.A., 2006. Compaction and mulching effects on soil loss and runoff from two southwestern Nigeria agricultural soils. Geoderma, 137: 226- 230.
  • Adekalu, K.O., Olorunfemi, I.A., Osunbitan, J.A., 2007. Grass mulching effect on infiltration, surface runoff and soil loss of three agricultural soils in Nigeria. Bioresource Tech, 98: 912– 917.
  • Agassi, M., Hadas, A., Benyamini, Y., Levy, G.J., Kautsky, L., Avrahamov, L., Zhevelev, L., 1998. Mulching effect of composted municipal solid wastes on water percolation and rate of compost degradation. Compost Sci. Util., 6: 34–41.
  • Agassi, M., Levy, G.J., Hadas, A., Benyamini, Y., Zhevelev, H., Fizik, E., Gotessman, M., Sasson, N., 2004. Mulching with composted municipal solid wastes in Central Negev, Israel: I. effects on minimizing rainwater losses and on hazards to the environment. Soil Till Res., 78: 103–113.
  • Agassi, M., Morin, J., Shainberg, I., 1985. Effect of raindrop impact energy and water salinity on infiltration rates of sodic soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49: 186–190.
  • Agassi, M., Shainberg, I., Morin, J., 1981. Effect of electrolyte concentration and soil sodicity on infiltration rate and crust formation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 45: 848–851.
  • Benkobi, L., Trlica, M.J., Smith, J.L., 1993. Soil loss as affected by different combinations of surface litter and rock. Journal of Environmental Quality, 22(4): 657-661.
  • Bernett, A.P., Disketer, E.G., Richardson, E.C., 1967. Evaluation of mulching methods for erosion control on newly prepared and seeded highway back slope. Agronomy J., 59: 83–85.
  • Bhatt, R., Khera, K.L., 2006. Effect of tillage and mode of straw mulch application on soil erosion in the submontaneous tract of Punjab, India. Soil Tillage Research, 88: 107–115.
  • Blake, G.R., Hartge, K.H., 1986. Bulk Density. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 363-375, 1188 p, Wisconsin.
  • Blavet, D., De Noni, G., Le Bissonnais, Y., Leonard, M., Maillo, L., Laurent, J.Y., Asseline, J., Leprun, J.C., Arshad, M.A., Roose, E., 2009. Effect of land use and management on the early stages of soil water erosion in French Mediterranean vineyards. Soil Till Res., 106: 124–136.
  • Cassel, D.K., Nielsen, D.R., 1986. Field Capacity and Available Water Capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 901-926, 1188 p, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Duiker, S.W., Lal, R., 1999. Crop residue and tillage effects on carbon sequestration in a Luvisol in central Ohio. Soil Till. Res., 52: 73–81.
  • Findeling, A., Ruy, S., Scopel, E., 2003. Modeling the effects of a partial residue mulch on runoff using a physically based approach. J. Hydrol., 275: 49–66.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1986. Particle-Size Analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 383-411, 1188 p, Wisconsin
  • Geren, H., Yönter, G., 2007. Bazı serin iklim çim buğdaygillerinin laboratuvar koşullarında su erozyonuna etkisi üzerinde araştırmalar. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 44(2):1-15.
  • Ghawi, I., Battikhi, A., 1986. Water melon production under mulch and trickle irrigation in the Jordan Valley. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sci., 157: 145–155
  • Havlin, J.L., Kissel, D.E., Maddus, L.D., Claassen, M.M., Long, J.H., 1990. Crop rotation and tillage effects on soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54: 448–452.
  • Jordan, A., Zavala, L.M., Gil, J., 2010.Effects of mulching on soil physical properties and runoff under semi-arid conditions in southern Spain. Catena, 81: 77-85.
  • Kara, E.E., Sezer, İ., 1992. Anız yakma. Ekoloji, 5: 18-22.
  • Kemper, W.D., Rosenau, R.C., 1986. Aggregate Stability and Size Distribution. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1. Physical and Mineralogical Methods. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 425- 442, 1188 p, Madison, Wisconsin USA.
  • Kılıç, M., Yönter, G., 2005. Yağışla meydana gelen toprak kaybının yüzey akış miktarı ve yağış süresine bağlı değişiminin modellenmesi. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 42(1): 97-106.
  • Lal, R., 1988. Soil Erosion Research Methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, Iowa-USA.
  • Lal, R., Stewart, B.A., 1995. Managing soils for enhancing and sustaining agricultural production. Soil Management: Experimental Basis for Sustainability and Environmental Quality. CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 1-9.
  • Levy, G.J., Shainberg, I., Morin, J., 1986. Factors affecting the stability of soil crusts in subsequent storms. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50: 196–201.
  • Mastana, P.S., 1988. Effect of crop residue management practices on nitrogen balance in water eroded cultivated land. M.Sc. thesis, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
  • McLean, E.O., 1982. Soil pH and Lime Requirement. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 199-224, 1159 p, Madison, Wisconsin.
  • Meyer, L.D., 1985. Interrill erosion rates and sediment characteristics. In: El-Swaify, S.A., Moldenhauer, W.C., Andrew, L. (Eds.), Soil Erosion and Conservation. Soil Conserv. Soc. Am., Ankeny, IA, pp. 167–177.
  • Mills, W.C., Thomas, A.W., Langdale, G.W., 1986. Estimating soil loss probabilities for southern Piedmont cropping-tillage systems. Trans. ASAE, 29: 948–955.
  • Mulumba, L.N., Lal, R., 2008. Mulching effects on selected soil physical properties.Soil Tillage Res., 98: 106-111.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E., 1982. Total Carbon, Organic Carbon, and Organic Matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 539-579, 1159 p, Wisconsin USA.
  • Nelson, R.E., 1982. Carbonate and Gypsum. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9. 181-197, 1159 p, Wisconsin
  • Osunbitan, J.A., Adekalu, K.O., 1997. Slope and mulch cover effect on runoff and infiltration from three southwestern Nigerian soils. J. of Agricultural Engineering Tech., 5: 54–61.
  • Osunbitan, J.A., Adekalu, K.O., 2000. Percent mulch cover and rainfall duration effect on soil loss and runoff from three southwestern Nigerian soils. Ife J. of Technology, 9: 125– 130.
  • Poesen, J.W.A., Lavee, H., 1991. Effects of size and incorporation of synthetic mulch on runoff and sediment yield from interrills in a laboratory study with simulated rainfall. Soil Tillage Res., 21: 209–223.
  • Rees, H.W., Chow, T.L., Loro, P.J., Lovoie, J., Monteith, J.O., Blaauw, A., 2002. Hay mulching to reduce runoff and soil loss under intensive potato production in Northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci., 82: 249–258.
  • Rees, H.W., Chow, T.L., Walker, D.F., Smith, O.M., 1999. Potential use of underseeded barley to increase carbon inputs to a loam soil in New Brunswick potato belt, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci., 79: 211–216.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982a. Cation Exchange Capacity. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9, 149-157, 1159 p, Wisconsin.
  • Rhoades, J.D., 1982b. Soluble Salts. Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. 2nd Edition. Agronomy No: 9, 167-179, 1159 p, Wisconsin USA.
  • Samray, H., 2006. Rüzgarlı Yağış Koşullarında Eğim Yönünün Yüzey Akış Sediment Taşınımı Üzerine Etkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Anabilim Dalı, Y. Lisans Tezi, Ankara.
  • Schwab, G.O., Frever, R.K., Edminster, T.W., Barnes, K.K., 1993. Soils and Water Conservation Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
  • Smets, T., Poesen, J., Knapen, A., 2008. Spatial scale effects on the effectiveness of organic mulches in reducing soil erosion by water. Earth-Science Reviews, 89: 1-12.
  • SPSS, 1999. SPSS for Windows, Release 10.0.5., SPSS Inc., USA.
  • Taysun, A., 1986. Gediz Havzası’nda Rendzina Tarım Topraklarında Yapay Yağmurlayıcı Yardımıyla Taşlar, Bitki Artıkları ve Polivinilalkol’ün (PVA) Toprak Özellikleri ile Birlikte Erozyona Etkileri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. E.Ü.Z.F. Yayın No: 474.
  • Taysun, A., Çengel, M., 1987. Anız yakmanın toprak özellikleri ve erozyon üzerine etkileri. Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Der. Barajlarımızın Yukarı Yağış Havzaları Sempozyumu. Ankara.
  • Tinsley, J., 1970. A Manuel of Experiments for Student of Soil Science. Department of Soil Science University of Aberdeen. p: 128. Scotland, UK.
  • Wischmeier, W.H., 1984. The USLE-some reflections. J. of Soil and Water Conservation, 39: 105-107.
  • Yönter, G., Taysun, A., 2004. Farklı çaplardaki taş örtü oranlarının yapay yağmurlayıcı koşulları altında su erozyonuna etkisi. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 41(3):185-196.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language tr;en
Journal Section ARAŞTIRMALAR
Authors

Ekrem Aksakal

Publication Date February 20, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 42 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aksakal, E. (2013). Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 42(2), 139-144.
AMA Aksakal E. Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. February 2013;42(2):139-144.
Chicago Aksakal, Ekrem. “Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış Ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 42, no. 2 (February 2013): 139-44.
EndNote Aksakal E (February 1, 2013) Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 42 2 139–144.
IEEE E. Aksakal, “Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 139–144, 2013.
ISNAD Aksakal, Ekrem. “Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış Ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 42/2 (February 2013), 139-144.
JAMA Aksakal E. Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;42:139–144.
MLA Aksakal, Ekrem. “Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış Ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 42, no. 2, 2013, pp. 139-44.
Vancouver Aksakal E. Toprak Yüzey Malçının Yüzey Akış ve Toprak Kayıpları Üzerine Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2013;42(2):139-44.

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