Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products

Year 2021, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 224 - 230, 29.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.843028

Abstract

Our food contains macro and micro components that are necessary for us to maintain our lives. In particular, it is mandatory to get the necessary vitamins and minerals for vital functions. Turkey has an enormous diversity of food products due to both geographical and climatic conditions. One of these products is walnut that is grown in almost all regions of our Turkey. Vitamin, mineral and fatty acid composition of walnut varies depending on climate conditions such as temperature and humidity. From the health perspective, walnut is considered a valuable food item. Due to its content of silver ions walnut has an important role in balancing brain health and cholesterol levels. On the other hand, walnut is rich in essential fatty acids such as omega-3 fatty acids. Walnut jam -as one of the walnut products is not common due to the high cost. However, the vitamins and minerals content of the walnut green shell – which is used in walnut jam production-, increased the demand and preference of walnut jam. Walnut and its products play an important role in prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes because of its high content of unsaturated fatty acids. The outlines of this review are walnut functions and composition, its effect on human health, consumption amount and analysis methods, production of walnut products and its health effects. 

References

  • Abbey, M., Noakes, M., Belling, G.B., Nestel, P.B., 1994. Partial Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Almonds or Walnuts Lowers Total Plasma Cholesterol and Low-density-lipoprotein Cholestrol, American Society for Clinical Nutritional; 59 (5): 995-999.
  • Aithal, B.K., Kumar. M.R., Rao, B.N., Udupa, N., Rao, B.S., 2009. Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells. Cell Biology International, 33 (10): 1039-1049.
  • Akça, Y., 2001. Ceviz Yetiştiriciliği. Arı Ofset Matbaası, Tokat. 356 s.
  • Anderson, K.J., Teuber, S.S., Gobeille, A., Cremin, P., Waterhouse, A.L., Steinberg, F.M., 2001. Walnut Polyphenolics Inhibit In Vitro Human Plasma and LDL Oxidation, Journal of Nutrition, 131 (11): 2837-2842.
  • Anonymous, 1991. The California Walnut- The Wander Nut. Food Trade Review, January: 25-27.
  • Anonymous, 2017a. Adilcevaz İlçe Tarım Müdürlüğü Patent Başvurusu. https://www.turkpatent.gov.tr/TURKPATENT/geographicalRegisteredList (Accessed Date: 14 November 2017).
  • Anonymous, 2017b. "Walnut industry". California Walnuts. https://www.nutstop.com/product/walnuts-light-halves-piecesraw/?gclid=CjwKCAiAirb_ BRBNEiwALHlnDxbk0ngfypxVaH6bT7lqif8ls3tGYm7CBa6OZJjTXEIKuNoPeEXTRRoCZz8QAvD_BwE (Accessed Date: 14 November 2017).
  • Anonymous, 2019a. http://www.cevizreceli.com /ezme.html (Accessed Date: 14 November 2019).
  • Anonymous, 2019b. https://food.ndtv.com/health/5-incredible-benefits-of-walnut-oil-for-health-and-beauty-1697195 (Accessed Date: 14 November 2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019c. Juglans regia L Database. (USDA, NRCS) United State Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Consrvation Service, https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POOL. (Accessed Date: 9 December 2019).
  • Arcan, I., Yemenicioglu, A., 2009. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of fresh and dry nuts with or without the seed coat, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22 (3): 184-188.
  • Bakkalbaşı, E., Yılmaz, Ö.M., Artık, N., 2010. Türkiye’de yetiştirilen yerli bazı ceviz çesitlerinin fiziksel özellikleri ve kimyasal bileşenleri. Akademik Gıda, 8 (1): 6-12.
  • Ben-Erik, W., 2014. Culinary Herbs and Spices of the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 154.
  • Davis, P.H., 1982. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, University of Edinburg, England.
  • Fukuda, T., Ito, H., Yoshida, T., 2003. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnut (Juglans regiax L.), Phytochemistry, 63 (7): 795-801.
  • Heidal, K., Lewis, N., Evans, S., 2004. Survey of omega 3 fatty acid ıntakes and omega 3 food selections in cardiac patients living in a section of the Midwestern United States. Nutrition Research, 24 (9): 741-747.
  • Kaur, C., Kapoor, H.C, 2001. Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables – the millennium’s health, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 36 (7): 703-725.
  • Lavedrine, F., Zmirou, D., Ravel, A., Balducci, F., Alary, J., 1999. Blood cholesterol and walnut consumption: A Cross- Sectional Survey in France. Preventive Medicine, 28 (4): 333-339.
  • Li, L., Tsao R., Yang, R., Kramer, J., Hernandez, M., 2007. Fatty acid profiles, tocopherol contents, and antioxidant activities of heartnut (Juglans ailanthifolia var. cordiformis) and Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (4): 1164-1169.
  • Megep, 2009. http://megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program _modul/moduller/Sert%20Kabuklu%20Meyveler.pdf. (Accessed Date: 01 December 2009)
  • Pellegrini, N., Serafini, M., Salvatore, S., Del Rio, D., Bianchi, M., Brighenti, F., 2006. Total antioxidant capacity of spices, dried fruits, nuts, pulses, cereals and sweets consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 50 (11): 1030-1038.
  • Reiter, R.J., Manchester, L.C., Tan, D.X., 2005. Melatonin in walnuts: Influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition, 21 (9): 920-924.
  • Rosengarten, F., 1984. The Book of Edible Nuts. Walker, New York.
  • Ruggeri, S., Cappelloni, M., Gambelli, L., Nicoli, S., Carnovale, E., 1998. Chemical composition and nutritive value of nuts grown in Italy. Italian Journal of Food Science, 10 (3): 243-252.
  • Şahin, İ., Akbaş, H., 2001. Farklı Yöre ve Çeşitlerden Cevizlerin Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Türkiye 1. Ulusal Ceviz Sempozyumu, 5-8 Eylül 2001, Tokat, 104-114.
  • Şen, S.M., 1986. Ceviz yetiştiriciliği (1. Baskı). Eser Matbaası. Samsun, OMÜ Basımevi.
  • Serrano, A., Cofrades, C., Ruiz-Capillas, B., Olmedilla-Alonso, C., Herrero_Barbudo, F., Jimenez, C., 2005. Nutritional Profile of Restructured Beef Steak with Added Walnuts. Meat Science, 70 (4): 647-654.
  • Simopoulos, A.P., 1999. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 70 (3): 560-569.
  • Şimşek, M., Gülsoy, E., 2016. The Important in Terms of Human Health of the Walnut and the Fatty Acids and Some Studies on This Subject. Iğdır University. Journal of Instıtute. Science. & Technology., 6 (4): 9-15.
  • Torun, B., 1999. Ceviz Ezmesi Üretim Yöntemi Kalitesi ve Raf Ömrünün Geliştirilmesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya, Türkiye, 90 s.
  • Yiğit, Y., Ay, E., 2016. Fonksiyonel Gıda Özelliğiyle Ceviz ve Kaman Cevizi. Journal of the Internatıonal Scientific Researches, 1 (2): 142-153.
  • Zwarts, L., Savage, G.P., McNeil, D.L., 1999. Fatty acid content of New Zealand-grow walnuts (Juglans regia L). International Journal of Food Scence and. Nutrition, 50 (3): 189-194.

Ceviz ve Ceviz Ürünlerinin Besinsel Bileşimi ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 224 - 230, 29.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.843028

Abstract

Gıdalarımız geçmişten günümüze hayatımızı sürdürebilmemiz için gerekli olan makro ve mikro bileşenleri içermektedir. Özellikle hayati fonksiyonlar için gerekli olan vitamin ve minerallerin alınması zorunludur. Ülkemiz gerek coğrafi koşulları gerekse de iklim koşullarından dolayı muazzam bir gıda çeşitliliğine sahiptir. Bu ürünlerden bir tanesi de cevizdir. Ülkemizin neredeyse bütün coğrafyasında yetişen ceviz iklim koşuluna (sıcaklık, nem) bağlı olarak vitamin, mineral ve yağ asidi kompozisyonu bakımından farklılık göstermektedir. Ceviz içermiş olduğu besin bileşimi bakımından çok önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle içerdiği gümüş iyonları nedeniyle beyin sağlığı ve kolestrolün dengelenmesinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Öte yandan içermiş olduğu elzem yağ asitleri bakımından zengin olan ceviz omega-3 yağ asidini de önemli oranda içermektedir. Ceviz ürünleri içerisinde yer alan ceviz reçeli günümüzde maliyetinin yüksek olmasından dolayı yaygın olmamasına rağmen üretiminde kullanılan yeşil kabuklu cevizin sahip olduğu vitamin ve mineralden dolayı ürünün tercih edilme ve talebini de artırmaktadır. Özellikle doymamış yağ asidi bakımından zengin olan ceviz ve ceviz ürünleri başta kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, kanser, diyabet gibi hastalıkların önlenmesinde ve beslenmede önemli bir yere sahiptir. Cevizin fonksiyonları ve bileşimi, insan sağlığı üzerine etkileri, tüketim miktarları ve analiz yöntemleri, ceviz ürünlerinin üretim şekli ve sağlık üzerine etkileri bu derlemenin konusunu oluşturmuştur.

References

  • Abbey, M., Noakes, M., Belling, G.B., Nestel, P.B., 1994. Partial Replacement of Saturated Fatty Acids with Almonds or Walnuts Lowers Total Plasma Cholesterol and Low-density-lipoprotein Cholestrol, American Society for Clinical Nutritional; 59 (5): 995-999.
  • Aithal, B.K., Kumar. M.R., Rao, B.N., Udupa, N., Rao, B.S., 2009. Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells. Cell Biology International, 33 (10): 1039-1049.
  • Akça, Y., 2001. Ceviz Yetiştiriciliği. Arı Ofset Matbaası, Tokat. 356 s.
  • Anderson, K.J., Teuber, S.S., Gobeille, A., Cremin, P., Waterhouse, A.L., Steinberg, F.M., 2001. Walnut Polyphenolics Inhibit In Vitro Human Plasma and LDL Oxidation, Journal of Nutrition, 131 (11): 2837-2842.
  • Anonymous, 1991. The California Walnut- The Wander Nut. Food Trade Review, January: 25-27.
  • Anonymous, 2017a. Adilcevaz İlçe Tarım Müdürlüğü Patent Başvurusu. https://www.turkpatent.gov.tr/TURKPATENT/geographicalRegisteredList (Accessed Date: 14 November 2017).
  • Anonymous, 2017b. "Walnut industry". California Walnuts. https://www.nutstop.com/product/walnuts-light-halves-piecesraw/?gclid=CjwKCAiAirb_ BRBNEiwALHlnDxbk0ngfypxVaH6bT7lqif8ls3tGYm7CBa6OZJjTXEIKuNoPeEXTRRoCZz8QAvD_BwE (Accessed Date: 14 November 2017).
  • Anonymous, 2019a. http://www.cevizreceli.com /ezme.html (Accessed Date: 14 November 2019).
  • Anonymous, 2019b. https://food.ndtv.com/health/5-incredible-benefits-of-walnut-oil-for-health-and-beauty-1697195 (Accessed Date: 14 November 2019)
  • Anonymous, 2019c. Juglans regia L Database. (USDA, NRCS) United State Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Consrvation Service, https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=POOL. (Accessed Date: 9 December 2019).
  • Arcan, I., Yemenicioglu, A., 2009. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of fresh and dry nuts with or without the seed coat, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22 (3): 184-188.
  • Bakkalbaşı, E., Yılmaz, Ö.M., Artık, N., 2010. Türkiye’de yetiştirilen yerli bazı ceviz çesitlerinin fiziksel özellikleri ve kimyasal bileşenleri. Akademik Gıda, 8 (1): 6-12.
  • Ben-Erik, W., 2014. Culinary Herbs and Spices of the World. University of Chicago Press. p. 154.
  • Davis, P.H., 1982. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, University of Edinburg, England.
  • Fukuda, T., Ito, H., Yoshida, T., 2003. Antioxidative polyphenols from walnut (Juglans regiax L.), Phytochemistry, 63 (7): 795-801.
  • Heidal, K., Lewis, N., Evans, S., 2004. Survey of omega 3 fatty acid ıntakes and omega 3 food selections in cardiac patients living in a section of the Midwestern United States. Nutrition Research, 24 (9): 741-747.
  • Kaur, C., Kapoor, H.C, 2001. Antioxidants in fruits and vegetables – the millennium’s health, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 36 (7): 703-725.
  • Lavedrine, F., Zmirou, D., Ravel, A., Balducci, F., Alary, J., 1999. Blood cholesterol and walnut consumption: A Cross- Sectional Survey in France. Preventive Medicine, 28 (4): 333-339.
  • Li, L., Tsao R., Yang, R., Kramer, J., Hernandez, M., 2007. Fatty acid profiles, tocopherol contents, and antioxidant activities of heartnut (Juglans ailanthifolia var. cordiformis) and Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 55 (4): 1164-1169.
  • Megep, 2009. http://megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program _modul/moduller/Sert%20Kabuklu%20Meyveler.pdf. (Accessed Date: 01 December 2009)
  • Pellegrini, N., Serafini, M., Salvatore, S., Del Rio, D., Bianchi, M., Brighenti, F., 2006. Total antioxidant capacity of spices, dried fruits, nuts, pulses, cereals and sweets consumed in Italy assessed by three different in vitro assays, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 50 (11): 1030-1038.
  • Reiter, R.J., Manchester, L.C., Tan, D.X., 2005. Melatonin in walnuts: Influence on levels of melatonin and total antioxidant capacity of blood. Nutrition, 21 (9): 920-924.
  • Rosengarten, F., 1984. The Book of Edible Nuts. Walker, New York.
  • Ruggeri, S., Cappelloni, M., Gambelli, L., Nicoli, S., Carnovale, E., 1998. Chemical composition and nutritive value of nuts grown in Italy. Italian Journal of Food Science, 10 (3): 243-252.
  • Şahin, İ., Akbaş, H., 2001. Farklı Yöre ve Çeşitlerden Cevizlerin Teknolojik Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. Türkiye 1. Ulusal Ceviz Sempozyumu, 5-8 Eylül 2001, Tokat, 104-114.
  • Şen, S.M., 1986. Ceviz yetiştiriciliği (1. Baskı). Eser Matbaası. Samsun, OMÜ Basımevi.
  • Serrano, A., Cofrades, C., Ruiz-Capillas, B., Olmedilla-Alonso, C., Herrero_Barbudo, F., Jimenez, C., 2005. Nutritional Profile of Restructured Beef Steak with Added Walnuts. Meat Science, 70 (4): 647-654.
  • Simopoulos, A.P., 1999. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 70 (3): 560-569.
  • Şimşek, M., Gülsoy, E., 2016. The Important in Terms of Human Health of the Walnut and the Fatty Acids and Some Studies on This Subject. Iğdır University. Journal of Instıtute. Science. & Technology., 6 (4): 9-15.
  • Torun, B., 1999. Ceviz Ezmesi Üretim Yöntemi Kalitesi ve Raf Ömrünün Geliştirilmesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Antalya, Türkiye, 90 s.
  • Yiğit, Y., Ay, E., 2016. Fonksiyonel Gıda Özelliğiyle Ceviz ve Kaman Cevizi. Journal of the Internatıonal Scientific Researches, 1 (2): 142-153.
  • Zwarts, L., Savage, G.P., McNeil, D.L., 1999. Fatty acid content of New Zealand-grow walnuts (Juglans regia L). International Journal of Food Scence and. Nutrition, 50 (3): 189-194.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section DERLEMELER
Authors

Halil İbrahim Binici 0000-0003-3301-3994

İhsan Güngör Şat 0000-0001-9868-0208

Eyad Aoudeh 0000-0002-0097-8450

Publication Date May 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 52 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Binici, H. İ., Şat, İ. G., & Aoudeh, E. (2021). Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 52(2), 224-230. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.843028
AMA Binici Hİ, Şat İG, Aoudeh E. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. May 2021;52(2):224-230. doi:10.17097/ataunizfd.843028
Chicago Binici, Halil İbrahim, İhsan Güngör Şat, and Eyad Aoudeh. “Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and Its Products”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52, no. 2 (May 2021): 224-30. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.843028.
EndNote Binici Hİ, Şat İG, Aoudeh E (May 1, 2021) Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52 2 224–230.
IEEE H. İ. Binici, İ. G. Şat, and E. Aoudeh, “Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 224–230, 2021, doi: 10.17097/ataunizfd.843028.
ISNAD Binici, Halil İbrahim et al. “Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and Its Products”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 52/2 (May 2021), 224-230. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.843028.
JAMA Binici Hİ, Şat İG, Aoudeh E. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;52:224–230.
MLA Binici, Halil İbrahim et al. “Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and Its Products”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 52, no. 2, 2021, pp. 224-30, doi:10.17097/ataunizfd.843028.
Vancouver Binici Hİ, Şat İG, Aoudeh E. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Walnut and its Products. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;52(2):224-30.

Articles published in this journal are published under the Creative Commons International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). This allows the work to be copied and distributed in any medium or format provided that the original article is appropriately cited. However, the articles work cannot be used for commercial purposes.

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/