Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Kültürel Peyzajlarda Özgünlük: Alanya Kalesi

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 122 - 137, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Özgünlük, kültürel miras içerisinde miras kalan değerin tanımlanmasına ve anlaşılmasına yardımcı olan özgün, güvenilir veya hakiki olma niteliği veya koşulunu ifade eden orijinallik, sahicilik veya varlık olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Her kültürün, toplumun, zamanın, mekânın ve toprağın, dünyanın geri kalanı için eşsiz ve istisnai olabilecek kendine özgü bir yönü vardır. Otantik olmak aynı zamanda mirasın turistik değerini artırır ve turizmin gelişmesine katkıda bulunur. Özgünlük/Otantiklik, kültürel mirasın korunması ve bölgesel kültürel kalkınmanın geliştirilmesi için en önemli faktörlerden biridir. Bu makalenin amacı, özgünlüğün kültürel peyzajlar ve kültürel miraslar için üstün evrensel değerleri anlamada bir araç olarak nasıl kullanılabileceğini tartışmaktır. Çalışma sonuçları, özgün karakterleriyle güçlü bir şekilde gelişen kültürel miraslardaki değerleri anlamak ve takdir etmek için alternatif bir yaklaşım sağlayacak ve peyzaj korumada kültürel, sosyal, bölgesel ve turistik önemlerini teşvik eden kültürel mirasın korunması, yönetimi ve tanıtımına büyük ölçüde katkıda bulunacaktır.

References

  • Alanya Municipality, 2023. “Alanya Kalesi UNESCO”. https://www.alanya.bel.tr/Proje/76/ALANYA-KALESI-UNESCO (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • Alberts, H., M. Brinda. 2005. Changing Approaches to Historic Preservation in Quedlinburg, Germany. Urban Affairs Review 40 (3): 390–401.
  • Alberts H.C., Hazen H. D., 2010. Maintaining Authenticity and Integrity at Cultural World Heritage Sites. The Geographical Review 100 (1): 56–73. New York.
  • Anonymous, 2013. “Alanya Kalesi ve Tarihi”. http://www.nkfu.com/alanya-kalesi-tarihi-hakkinda-bilgi/ (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • Aplin, G., 2002. Heritage: Identification, Conservation, and Management. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.
  • Association of Historic Towns of Turkey, 2008. “European Association of Historic Towns and Regions”. Archived from the original on 10 September 2008.
  • Baer, W., 1995. The Conservation and Use of the Walled City of Tripoli. Geographical Journal 160 (2):143–148.
  • European Landscape Convention, 2000. Council of Europe Landscape Convention (ETS No. 176). http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm (Erişim Tarihi 04.12.2023).
  • Ford, L., 1985. Urban Morphology and Preservation in Spain. Geographical Review 75 (3): 265–299.
  • Fowler, P.J., 2003. World heritage cultural landscapes. 1992–2002: A review and prospect cultural landscapes: The challenges of conservation. World Heritage Papers 7, Published by UNESCO World Heritage Centre Italy, pp. 133.
  • Jenner, M., 1985. Cairo in Peril. Geographical Magazine, September, 474–480.
  • Handler, R. 1987. Heritage and Hegemony: Recent Works on Historic Preservation and Interpretation.Anthropological Quarterly 60 (3): 137–141.
  • Kaya, L.G., 2002. Cultural Landscape for Tourism. ZKÜ Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:4 Sayı:4. Labadi, S., Bandarin, F., (eds). 2007. World Heritage: Challenges for the Millennium. UNESCO, Paris, 200 pp. ISBN 978-89-94307-00-8.
  • O’Hare, D., 1997. Interpreting the Cultural Landscape for Tourism Development. Urban Design International 2 (1), pp. 33-54
  • Özsüle, Z., 2005. Geleneksel Yerleşimlerin Korunması Açısından Kültürel Peyzaj Değerlendirmesi: Mudanya Örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, pp. 232.
  • Sigala, M., Leslie, D., 2005. International Cultural Tourism: Management, Implications and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier. UK.
  • Stovel, H., 2007. Effective Use of Authenticity and Integrity as World Heritage Qualiifying Conditions. City & Time 2 (3): 3. [online] URL: http://www.ct.ceci-br.org.
  • Taylor, K., 2011. Emergence of Cultural Landscape Concepts. SW_423_PartI_Ch 2.indd.
  • Tülek, B., Atik, M., 2014. Walled towns as defensive cultural landscapes: A case study of Alanya—A walled town in Turkey. WIT Trans. Environment 143, 231–242.
  • Tyler, N., 2000. Historic Preservation: An Introduction to its History, Principles, and Practice. New York. W. Norton.
  • UNESCO, 1972. Convention concerning the protection of world cultural and national heritage. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • UNESCO, 1994. “Nara Özgünlük Belgesi”. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/nara94.htm. UNESCO Resmi İnternet Sitesi (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • UNESCO, 2005. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  • Usal, A., Oral, S., 2001. Turizm Pazarlaması. Kanalmaz Matbaası. Birinci Basım.272 s., İzmir.
  • Vikipedi, 2023. “Alanya Kalesi”. http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanya_Kalesi (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • WHC, 1992. Convention Concerning to Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/16COM (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • WHC, 2008. The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ (Erişim Tarihi 12.12.2023).

AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE

Year 2023, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 122 - 137, 31.12.2023

Abstract

Authenticity is defined as originality, genuineness or entity which refers to the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy or genuine which help as to identify and understand the value inherited within the cultural heritage. Each culture, society, time place and land has its own authentic aspect that can be unique and exceptional for the rest of the world. Being authentic also increases heritage’s touristic value and contribute to tourism development. Authenticity is one of the most important factor for conserving cultural heritage and developing regional cultural development. The aim of this paper is to discuss how authenticity can be used as a tool to understand outstanding universal values for cultural landscapes and cultural heritages. Study results will provide an alternative approach to understand and appreciate values in cultural heritage which strongly evolved with their authentic characters and greatly contribute to the preservation, management and promotion of cultural heritage stimulating their cultural, social, territorial and touristic significance in landscape conservation.

References

  • Alanya Municipality, 2023. “Alanya Kalesi UNESCO”. https://www.alanya.bel.tr/Proje/76/ALANYA-KALESI-UNESCO (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • Alberts, H., M. Brinda. 2005. Changing Approaches to Historic Preservation in Quedlinburg, Germany. Urban Affairs Review 40 (3): 390–401.
  • Alberts H.C., Hazen H. D., 2010. Maintaining Authenticity and Integrity at Cultural World Heritage Sites. The Geographical Review 100 (1): 56–73. New York.
  • Anonymous, 2013. “Alanya Kalesi ve Tarihi”. http://www.nkfu.com/alanya-kalesi-tarihi-hakkinda-bilgi/ (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • Aplin, G., 2002. Heritage: Identification, Conservation, and Management. South Melbourne, Australia: Oxford University Press.
  • Association of Historic Towns of Turkey, 2008. “European Association of Historic Towns and Regions”. Archived from the original on 10 September 2008.
  • Baer, W., 1995. The Conservation and Use of the Walled City of Tripoli. Geographical Journal 160 (2):143–148.
  • European Landscape Convention, 2000. Council of Europe Landscape Convention (ETS No. 176). http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/176.htm (Erişim Tarihi 04.12.2023).
  • Ford, L., 1985. Urban Morphology and Preservation in Spain. Geographical Review 75 (3): 265–299.
  • Fowler, P.J., 2003. World heritage cultural landscapes. 1992–2002: A review and prospect cultural landscapes: The challenges of conservation. World Heritage Papers 7, Published by UNESCO World Heritage Centre Italy, pp. 133.
  • Jenner, M., 1985. Cairo in Peril. Geographical Magazine, September, 474–480.
  • Handler, R. 1987. Heritage and Hegemony: Recent Works on Historic Preservation and Interpretation.Anthropological Quarterly 60 (3): 137–141.
  • Kaya, L.G., 2002. Cultural Landscape for Tourism. ZKÜ Bartın Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt:4 Sayı:4. Labadi, S., Bandarin, F., (eds). 2007. World Heritage: Challenges for the Millennium. UNESCO, Paris, 200 pp. ISBN 978-89-94307-00-8.
  • O’Hare, D., 1997. Interpreting the Cultural Landscape for Tourism Development. Urban Design International 2 (1), pp. 33-54
  • Özsüle, Z., 2005. Geleneksel Yerleşimlerin Korunması Açısından Kültürel Peyzaj Değerlendirmesi: Mudanya Örneği. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, pp. 232.
  • Sigala, M., Leslie, D., 2005. International Cultural Tourism: Management, Implications and Cases. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier. UK.
  • Stovel, H., 2007. Effective Use of Authenticity and Integrity as World Heritage Qualiifying Conditions. City & Time 2 (3): 3. [online] URL: http://www.ct.ceci-br.org.
  • Taylor, K., 2011. Emergence of Cultural Landscape Concepts. SW_423_PartI_Ch 2.indd.
  • Tülek, B., Atik, M., 2014. Walled towns as defensive cultural landscapes: A case study of Alanya—A walled town in Turkey. WIT Trans. Environment 143, 231–242.
  • Tyler, N., 2000. Historic Preservation: An Introduction to its History, Principles, and Practice. New York. W. Norton.
  • UNESCO, 1972. Convention concerning the protection of world cultural and national heritage. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • UNESCO, 1994. “Nara Özgünlük Belgesi”. http://whc.unesco.org/archive/nara94.htm. UNESCO Resmi İnternet Sitesi (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • UNESCO, 2005. Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  • Usal, A., Oral, S., 2001. Turizm Pazarlaması. Kanalmaz Matbaası. Birinci Basım.272 s., İzmir.
  • Vikipedi, 2023. “Alanya Kalesi”. http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanya_Kalesi (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • WHC, 1992. Convention Concerning to Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. http://whc.unesco.org/en/sessions/16COM (Erişim Tarihi 13.11.2023).
  • WHC, 2008. The Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. https://whc.unesco.org/en/guidelines/ (Erişim Tarihi 12.12.2023).
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Landscape Planning, Landscape Design, Landscape Management
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Betül Tülek 0000-0002-6584-041X

Early Pub Date December 22, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date November 14, 2023
Acceptance Date December 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tülek, B. (2023). AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 2(2), 122-137.
AMA Tülek B. AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE. AUJFA. December 2023;2(2):122-137.
Chicago Tülek, Betül. “AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 2, no. 2 (December 2023): 122-37.
EndNote Tülek B (December 1, 2023) AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 2 2 122–137.
IEEE B. Tülek, “AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE”, AUJFA, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 122–137, 2023.
ISNAD Tülek, Betül. “AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture 2/2 (December 2023), 122-137.
JAMA Tülek B. AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE. AUJFA. 2023;2:122–137.
MLA Tülek, Betül. “AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE”. Akdeniz University Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, vol. 2, no. 2, 2023, pp. 122-37.
Vancouver Tülek B. AUTHENTICITY IN THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES: ALANYA CASTLE. AUJFA. 2023;2(2):122-37.