Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Production of Babbitt Metal Thin Film by Thermal Evaporation Method and Investigation of the Change of Thıs Thin Film With Heat Treatment Time

Year 2024, , 44 - 51, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1327418

Abstract

Babbitt alloy is in high demand thanks to its superior corrosion resistance and its hollow-soft structure. Because of these important features, it has been the subject of many studies. In this study, the thin film state of Babbitt alloy will be examined. For this purpose, tin (Sn) based Babbitt alloy on the glass substrate was turned into a thin film by thermal evaporation and these thin films were subjected to heat treatment at 120 oC for different times and the heat treatment effect was examined. The crystal structure of non-heat-treated and heat-treated babbitt thin films was determined by x-ray measurement. It was observed that thin films formed as agglomerations on the crystal structure of tin, and it was observed that the crystallization increased as the heat treatment time increased. Grain-grain boundaries are clearly visible on the coating surface from SEM images. It was determined that the grain sizes decreased in proportion to the heat treatments applied to the thin films at different times and the additive ratios. In addition, it was determined from the EDX results that the oxide layer accumulated in the form of bumps on the surface increased depending on the processing time applied to the thin films obtained and that these layers were composed of tin, antimony and oxygen elements. Finally, it was observed from the AFM images that the roughness value on the thin film surface gradually decreased with the increase of the oxide layer deposited on the surface.

References

  • 1. A. Zeren, E. Feyzullahoglu, M. Zeren, ''A study on tribological behaviour of tin-based bearing material in dry sliding'' Materials & design, vol.28, no.1, pp. 318-323, 2007.
  • 2. M.Ö. Bora, O. Coban, T. Sinmazcelik, V. Günay, M. Zeren, ''Instrumented indentation and scratch testing evaluation of tribological properties of tin-based bearing materials'' Materials & Design, vol.31, no.6, pp. 2707-2715, 2010.
  • 3. A. Zeren, ''Embeddability behaviour of tin-based bearing material in dry sliding'' Materials & design, vol.28, no.8, pp. 2344-2350, 2007.
  • 4. X. Zhao, R. Lai, X. Hai, ''A study on the microstructures and properties of selective laser melted babbitt metals'' Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol.28, no.9, pp. 5433-5440, 2019.
  • 5. O. Karpuz, M.V. Akpinar, ''İnce Agrega Türünün Kaplama Betonunun Aşınma Direncine Etkisi'' Yapı Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, vol.5, no.2, pp. 1-8 2009.
  • 6. P. Diouf , A. Jones, ''Investigation of bond strength in centrifugal lining of babbitt on cast iron'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.41, no.3, pp. 603-609, 2010.
  • 7. L. Korshunov, N. Noskova, A. Korznikov, N. Chernenko, N. Vil’Danova, ''Effect of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and tribological properties of a babbit B83'' The Physics of Metals and Metallography, vol.108, pp. 519-526, 2009.
  • 8. Y. Tasgın, Effect of MgO, ''Al2O3 and FeCr2O4 on microstructure and wear resistance of Babbitt metal (Sn–Sb–Cu)'' Materials Research Express, vol.6, no.4, pp. 046548, 2019.
  • 9. B. Leszczyńska-Madej, M. Madej, J. Hrabia-Wiśnios, A. Węglowska, ''Effects of the processing parameters of friction stir processing on the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of SnSbCu bearing alloy'' Materials, vol.13, no.24, pp. 5826, 2020.
  • 10. A. Özkartal, D.T. Noori, ''Effects of thermal annealing on the characterization of p-NiO/n-GaAs heterojunctions produced by thermal evaporation'' Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol.32, no.10, pp. 13462-13471, 2021.
  • 11. R. Messier, ''Thin film deposition processes'' MRS Bulletin, vol.13, no.11, pp. 18-21, 1988.
  • 12. A. Amanov, B. Ahn, M.G. Lee, Y. Jeon, Y.-S. Pyun, ''Friction and wear reduction of eccentric journal bearing made of sn-based babbitt for ore cone crusher'' Materials, vol.9, no.11, pp. 950, 2016.
  • 13. M.C. Türküz. ''Fiziksel buhar biriktirme yöntemi ile yapılan zirkonyum nitrür ince film kaplamanın kaplama parametrelerinin incelenmesi ve optimizasyonu'' Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • 14. W.D. Nix, ''Mechanical properties of thin films'' Metallurgical transactions A, vol.20, no.11, pp. 2217-2245, 1989.
  • 15. M. Rao, M. Shekhawat, editors. ''A brief survey on basic properties of thin films for device application'' International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, vol.22, 2013. World Scientific, pp.576-586, 2013.
  • 16. S.-R. Bae, D. Heo, S. Kim, ''Recent progress of perovskite devices fabricated using thermal evaporation method: Perspective and outlook'' Materials Today Advances, vol.14, pp. 100232, 2022.
  • 17. S. Wang, X. Li, J. Wu, W. Wen, Y. Qi, ''Fabrication of efficient metal halide perovskite solar cells by vacuum thermal evaporation: A progress review'' Current opinion in Electrochemistry, vol.11, pp. 130-140, 2018.
  • 18. A.W. Batchelor, ''Engineering tribology'' Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.
  • 19. P.R.C.A. Junior, A.G.M. Pukasiewicz, ''Evaluation of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of a Babbitt alloy deposited by arc and flame spray processes'' Tribology International, vol.131, pp. 148-157, 2019.
  • 20. P. Diouf, A. Jones, ''Investigation of bond strength in centrifugal lining of babbitt on cast iron'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.41, pp. 603-609, 2010.
  • 21. M. Kök, G. Pirge, Y. Aydoğdu, '' Isothermal oxidation study on NiMnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy at 600–1000° C'' Applied surface science, vol.268, pp. 136-140, 2013.
  • 22. Y. Taşgin, M.S. Kanca, M. Kök, ''Investigation of surface morphology, optical properties and the gamma radiation effect on selenium coated glass substrate containing rare earth oxide'' Optical Materials, vol.140, pp. 113921, 2023.
  • 23. D. Zhang, F. Zhao, Y. Li, P. Li, Q. Zeng, G. Dong, ''Study on tribological properties of multi-layer surface texture on Babbitt alloys surface'' Applied Surface Science, vol.390, pp. 540-549, 2016.
  • 24. M. Kamal, A. El-Bediwi, A. Lashin, A. El-Zarka, ''Copper effects in mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Sn–Pb–Sb Babbitt bearing alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.530, pp. 327-332, 2011.
  • 25. M. Beger, P. Jurči, P. Grgač, S. Mečiar, M. Kusý, J. Horník, ''CrxNy coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering method'' Kovové Materiály-Metallic Materials, vol.51, no.1, pp. 1-10, 2013.
  • 26. Y. Ni, N. Sun, G. Zhu, S. Liu, J. Liu, G. Dong, ''Effect of different Cu6Sn5 morphology on the tribological properties of Babbitt alloy'' Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol.74, no.5, pp. 580-587, 2022.
  • 27. C.R. Dhas, R. Venkatesh, R. Sivakumar, A.M.E. Raj, C. Sanjeeviraja, ''Fast electrochromic response of porous-structured cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) thin films by novel nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique'' Ionics, vol.22, pp. 1911-1926, 2016.
  • 28. A. Erlacher, M. Ambrico, V. Capozzi, V. Augelli, H. Jaeger, B. Ullrich, ''X-ray, absorption and photocurrent properties of thin-film GaAs on glass formed by pulsed-laser deposition'' Semiconductor science and technology, vol.19, no.11, pp. 1322, 2004.
Year 2024, , 44 - 51, 24.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1327418

Abstract

References

  • 1. A. Zeren, E. Feyzullahoglu, M. Zeren, ''A study on tribological behaviour of tin-based bearing material in dry sliding'' Materials & design, vol.28, no.1, pp. 318-323, 2007.
  • 2. M.Ö. Bora, O. Coban, T. Sinmazcelik, V. Günay, M. Zeren, ''Instrumented indentation and scratch testing evaluation of tribological properties of tin-based bearing materials'' Materials & Design, vol.31, no.6, pp. 2707-2715, 2010.
  • 3. A. Zeren, ''Embeddability behaviour of tin-based bearing material in dry sliding'' Materials & design, vol.28, no.8, pp. 2344-2350, 2007.
  • 4. X. Zhao, R. Lai, X. Hai, ''A study on the microstructures and properties of selective laser melted babbitt metals'' Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol.28, no.9, pp. 5433-5440, 2019.
  • 5. O. Karpuz, M.V. Akpinar, ''İnce Agrega Türünün Kaplama Betonunun Aşınma Direncine Etkisi'' Yapı Teknolojileri Elektronik Dergisi, vol.5, no.2, pp. 1-8 2009.
  • 6. P. Diouf , A. Jones, ''Investigation of bond strength in centrifugal lining of babbitt on cast iron'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.41, no.3, pp. 603-609, 2010.
  • 7. L. Korshunov, N. Noskova, A. Korznikov, N. Chernenko, N. Vil’Danova, ''Effect of severe plastic deformation on the microstructure and tribological properties of a babbit B83'' The Physics of Metals and Metallography, vol.108, pp. 519-526, 2009.
  • 8. Y. Tasgın, Effect of MgO, ''Al2O3 and FeCr2O4 on microstructure and wear resistance of Babbitt metal (Sn–Sb–Cu)'' Materials Research Express, vol.6, no.4, pp. 046548, 2019.
  • 9. B. Leszczyńska-Madej, M. Madej, J. Hrabia-Wiśnios, A. Węglowska, ''Effects of the processing parameters of friction stir processing on the microstructure, hardness and tribological properties of SnSbCu bearing alloy'' Materials, vol.13, no.24, pp. 5826, 2020.
  • 10. A. Özkartal, D.T. Noori, ''Effects of thermal annealing on the characterization of p-NiO/n-GaAs heterojunctions produced by thermal evaporation'' Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol.32, no.10, pp. 13462-13471, 2021.
  • 11. R. Messier, ''Thin film deposition processes'' MRS Bulletin, vol.13, no.11, pp. 18-21, 1988.
  • 12. A. Amanov, B. Ahn, M.G. Lee, Y. Jeon, Y.-S. Pyun, ''Friction and wear reduction of eccentric journal bearing made of sn-based babbitt for ore cone crusher'' Materials, vol.9, no.11, pp. 950, 2016.
  • 13. M.C. Türküz. ''Fiziksel buhar biriktirme yöntemi ile yapılan zirkonyum nitrür ince film kaplamanın kaplama parametrelerinin incelenmesi ve optimizasyonu'' Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2006.
  • 14. W.D. Nix, ''Mechanical properties of thin films'' Metallurgical transactions A, vol.20, no.11, pp. 2217-2245, 1989.
  • 15. M. Rao, M. Shekhawat, editors. ''A brief survey on basic properties of thin films for device application'' International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, vol.22, 2013. World Scientific, pp.576-586, 2013.
  • 16. S.-R. Bae, D. Heo, S. Kim, ''Recent progress of perovskite devices fabricated using thermal evaporation method: Perspective and outlook'' Materials Today Advances, vol.14, pp. 100232, 2022.
  • 17. S. Wang, X. Li, J. Wu, W. Wen, Y. Qi, ''Fabrication of efficient metal halide perovskite solar cells by vacuum thermal evaporation: A progress review'' Current opinion in Electrochemistry, vol.11, pp. 130-140, 2018.
  • 18. A.W. Batchelor, ''Engineering tribology'' Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993.
  • 19. P.R.C.A. Junior, A.G.M. Pukasiewicz, ''Evaluation of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of a Babbitt alloy deposited by arc and flame spray processes'' Tribology International, vol.131, pp. 148-157, 2019.
  • 20. P. Diouf, A. Jones, ''Investigation of bond strength in centrifugal lining of babbitt on cast iron'' Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol.41, pp. 603-609, 2010.
  • 21. M. Kök, G. Pirge, Y. Aydoğdu, '' Isothermal oxidation study on NiMnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy at 600–1000° C'' Applied surface science, vol.268, pp. 136-140, 2013.
  • 22. Y. Taşgin, M.S. Kanca, M. Kök, ''Investigation of surface morphology, optical properties and the gamma radiation effect on selenium coated glass substrate containing rare earth oxide'' Optical Materials, vol.140, pp. 113921, 2023.
  • 23. D. Zhang, F. Zhao, Y. Li, P. Li, Q. Zeng, G. Dong, ''Study on tribological properties of multi-layer surface texture on Babbitt alloys surface'' Applied Surface Science, vol.390, pp. 540-549, 2016.
  • 24. M. Kamal, A. El-Bediwi, A. Lashin, A. El-Zarka, ''Copper effects in mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Sn–Pb–Sb Babbitt bearing alloys'' Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.530, pp. 327-332, 2011.
  • 25. M. Beger, P. Jurči, P. Grgač, S. Mečiar, M. Kusý, J. Horník, ''CrxNy coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering method'' Kovové Materiály-Metallic Materials, vol.51, no.1, pp. 1-10, 2013.
  • 26. Y. Ni, N. Sun, G. Zhu, S. Liu, J. Liu, G. Dong, ''Effect of different Cu6Sn5 morphology on the tribological properties of Babbitt alloy'' Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, vol.74, no.5, pp. 580-587, 2022.
  • 27. C.R. Dhas, R. Venkatesh, R. Sivakumar, A.M.E. Raj, C. Sanjeeviraja, ''Fast electrochromic response of porous-structured cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4) thin films by novel nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique'' Ionics, vol.22, pp. 1911-1926, 2016.
  • 28. A. Erlacher, M. Ambrico, V. Capozzi, V. Augelli, H. Jaeger, B. Ullrich, ''X-ray, absorption and photocurrent properties of thin-film GaAs on glass formed by pulsed-laser deposition'' Semiconductor science and technology, vol.19, no.11, pp. 1322, 2004.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Physics
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Muhammed Sait Kanca 0000-0002-2987-4284

Early Pub Date March 21, 2024
Publication Date March 24, 2024
Submission Date July 14, 2023
Acceptance Date January 9, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

IEEE M. S. Kanca, “Production of Babbitt Metal Thin Film by Thermal Evaporation Method and Investigation of the Change of Thıs Thin Film With Heat Treatment Time”, Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 44–51, 2024, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1327418.



Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi
Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Editörlüğü

Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü        
Beş Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvarı, Merkez Kampüs, 13000 BİTLİS        
E-posta: fbe@beu.edu.tr