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Production and Mechanical Properties of Surface Modified Nettle Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

Year 2020, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 433 - 444, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437

Abstract

In this study nettle fiber which known as a textile fiber reinforced polyester composite material was produced and the mechanical properties of the material were investigated. The surface of the nettle fiber was abraded by 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% NaOH in four different ratios. The reinforcement ratio of the fiber to the matrix is kept constant and 30%. The fibers were scanned in the longitudinal direction and placed in the ribbon-shaped composite. Composite materials are produced with plates as RTM technology. Tensile strength of the reinforcement element, 3-point bending strength and impact strength were investigated. It has been observed that the alkali treatment (NaOH) applied to nettle fiber reduces the tensile strength but improves the bending and impact strength. The study has been shown that stinging nettle fiber can be used as a reinforcing composite material.

References

  • 1. Riedel, U., Nickel, J., 1999. Natural Fibre Reinforced Biopolymers as Construction Materials New Discoveries, Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, 272, 34–40.
  • 2. Arıcasoy, O., 2006. Kompozit Sektör Raporu, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, İstanbul.
  • 3. Mazumdar, S.K., 2002. Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering, CRC Press, New York.
  • 4. Saheb, D.N., Jog, J.P., 1999. Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A Review, Advances in Polymer Technology, 18(4), 351-363.
  • 5. Li, X., Tabil, L.G., Panigrahi, S., 2007. Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review, Journal of Polymers and the Environment , 15(1), 25-33.
  • 6. Davies, G.C., Bruce, D.M., 1998. Effect of Environmental Relative Humidity and Damage on the Tensile Properties of Flax and Nettle Fibres, Textile Research Journal, 68(9), 623-629.
  • 7. Vogl, C.R., Hartl, A., 2003. Production and Processing of Organically Grown ®ber Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its Potential Use in the Natural Textile Industry: A Review, American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 18(3), 119-128.
  • 8. Summerscales, J., Dissanayake, N.P.J., Virk, A.S., Hall, W., 2010. A Review of Bast Fibres and Their Composites. Part 1 - Fibres as Reinforcements, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10), 1329-1335.
  • 9. Singh, S.C., Shrestha, R., 1987. Extraction and Chemical Analysis of Himalayan Nettle Fibre, Research and Industry, 32(4), 259–262.
  • 10. Bacci, L., Baronti, S., Predieri, S., di Virgilo, N., 2008. Fiber Yield and Quality of Fiber Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Cultivated in Italy, Industrial Crops and Products, 29, 480-484.
  • 11. Bacci, L., Lonardo, S.D., Albanese, L., Mastromei, G., Perito, B., 2010. Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Fiber Quality of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.), Textile Research Journal, 81(8), 827–837.
  • 12. Huang, G., 2005. Nettle (Urtica cannabina L) Fibre, Properties and Spinning Practice, Journal of the Textile Institute, 96(1), 11-15.
  • 13. Bodros, E., Baley, C., 2008. Study of the Tensile Properties of Stinging Nettle Fibres (Urtica Dioica), Materials Letters, 62, 2143-2145.
  • 14. Paukszta, D., Ma Nkowski, J., Kołodziej, J., Szostak, M., 2013. Polypropylene (PP) Composites Reinforced with Stinging Nettle (Utrica dioica L.) Fiber, Journal of Natural Fibers, 10, 147–158.
  • 15. Bajpai, P.K., Meena, D., Vatsa, S., Singh, I., 2013. Tensile Behavior of Nettle Fiber Composites Exposed to Various Environments, Journal of Natural Fibers, 10(3), 244-256.
  • 16. Marila, A.J. 2010. Ms Thesis, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering/Polymer Engineering, MSc Programmes in Engineering Materials Technology (EEIGM)/2000:235, (ISSN 1402-1617/ISRN LTU-EX--00/235--SE/NR 2000:235), Lulea University of Tecchnology, Sweden, http://epubl.luth.se/ 1402-1617/2000/235/index-en.html (Erişim: 11th Dec 2015).
  • 17. Fischer, H., Werwein, E., Graupner, N., 2012. Nettle Fibre (Urtica dioica L.) Reinforced Poly (Lactic Acid): A First Approach, Journal of Composite Materials, 46(24), 3077–3087.
  • 18. Bajpai, P.K., Singh, I., Madaan, J., 2012. Comparative Studies of Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polylactic Acid and Polypropylene Based Natural Fiber Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 31(24), 1712–1724.
  • 19. Gassan, J., Bledzki, A.K., 1999. Possibilities for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Epoxy Composites by Alkali Treatment of Fibres, Composites Science and Technology, 59(9), 1303-1309.
  • 20. Prasad, S.V., Pavithan, C., Rohatgi, P.K., 1983. Alkali Treatment of Coir Fibres for Coir– Polyester Composites, Journal Material Science, 18, 1443-1454.
  • 21. Sydenstricker, T.H.D., Mochnaz, S., Amico, S.C., 2003. Pull-Out and Other Evaluations in Sisal Reinforced Polyester Biocomposites, Polymer Testing, 22, 375-380.
  • 22. Ray, D., Sarkar, B.K., Rana, A.K., Bose, N.R., 2001. Effect of Alkali Treated Jute Fibres on Composite Properties, Bulletin of Materials Science, 24(2), 129-135.
  • 23. Jacob, M., Thomas, S., Varughese, K.T., 2004. Mechanical Properties of Sisal/Oil Palm Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 64, 955–965.
  • 24. Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.K., Drzal, L.T., Misra, M., Parija, S., Nayak, S.K., Tipathy, S.S., 2003. Studies on Mechanical Performance of Biofibre/Glass Reinforced Polyester Hybrid Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1377–1385.
  • 25. Liu, X.Y., Dai, G.C., 2007. Surface Modification and Micromechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Mat Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, Express Polymer Letters, 1(5), 299-307.
  • 26. Van De Weyenberg, I., Ivens, J., De Coster, A., Kino, B., Baetens, E., Verpoest, I., 2003. Influence of Processing and Chemical Treatment of Flax Fibres on Their Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1241–1246.
  • 27. Seki, Y., 2009. Innovative Multifunctional Siloxane Treatment of Jute Fiber Surface and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Thermoset Composites, Materials Science and Engineering A., 508, 247–252.
  • 28. Ray, D., Sarkar, B.K., Rana, A.K., 2002. Fracture Behavior of Vinylester Resin Matrix Composites Reinforced with Alkali Treated Jute Fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 85, 2588-2593.
  • 29. Razera, I.A.T., Frollini, E., 2004. Composites Based on Jute Fibers and Phenolic Matrices: Properties of Fibers and Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 1077-1085.
  • 30. Cao, Y., Shibata, S., Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Composites Reinforced with Bagasse Fiber Before and After Alkali Treatments, Composites: Part A, 37(3), 423-429.
  • 31. Van De Weyenberg, I., Chi Truong, T., Vangrimde, B., Verpoest, I., 2006. Improving the Properties of UD Flax Fibre Reinforced Composites by Applying an Alkaline Fibre Treatment, Composites: Part A, 37, 1368–1376.
  • 32. Herrera-Franco, P.J., Valadez-Gonzalez, A., 2005. A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Short Natural-Fiber Reinforced Composites, Composites: Part B, 36, 597–608.
  • 33. Cao, Y., Shibata, S., Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Composites Reinforced with Bagasse Fibre Before and After Alkali Treatments, Composites Part A, 37, 423-429.
  • 34. Karaduman, Y., Gokcan, D., Onal, L., 2013. Effect of Enzymatic Pre-Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 47(10), 1293-1302.
  • 35. Dash, B.N., Rana, A.K., Mishra, H.K., Nayak, S.K., Mishra, S.C., Tripathy, S.S., 1999. Novel, Low-cost Jute-polyester Composites, Part 1: Processing, Mechanical Properties and SEM Analysis. Polymer Composites, 20(7), 62-71.
  • 36. Singh, B., Gupta, M., Verma, M., 1996. Influence of Fiber Surface Treatment on the Properties of Sisal-polyester Composites. Polymer Composites, 17(6), 910-918.
  • 37. Baiardo, M., Zini, E., Scandola, M., 2004. Flax Fibre–polyester Composites, Composites: Part A, 35, 703–710.
  • 38. Gohil, P.P., Shaikh, A.A., 2010. Experimental Investigation and Micro Mechanics Assessment for Longitudinal Elastic Modulus in Unidirectional Cotton-polyester Composites. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 111-118.

Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri

Year 2020, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 433 - 444, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, bir tekstil lifi olarak bilinen ısırgan otu lifi takviyeli polyester kompozit malzeme üretilmiş ve malzemenin mekanik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Isırgan otu elyafının yüzeyi %1, %3, %5 ve %10 dört farklı oranda NaOH alkali işlemle aşındırılmıştır. Elyafın matrise takviye oranı sabit tutulmuş olup, %30 oranındadır. Lifler boyu yönde taranmış ve şerit formunda kompozit içerisine yerleştirilmiştir. Kompozit malzemeler plakalar halinde RTM teknolojisi ile üretilmiştir. Takviye elemanının kompozitin Çekme dayanımı, 3 nokta eğilme dayanımı ve darbe dayanımına etkileri araştırılmıştır. Isırgan elyafına uygulama alkali işlemin (NaOH) çekme dayanımı düşürdüğü ancak eğme ve darbe dayanımını iyileştirdiği görülmüştür. Çalışma, ısırgan otunun elyaf formunda %30 oranında kompozit malzemede takviye elemanı olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

References

  • 1. Riedel, U., Nickel, J., 1999. Natural Fibre Reinforced Biopolymers as Construction Materials New Discoveries, Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie, 272, 34–40.
  • 2. Arıcasoy, O., 2006. Kompozit Sektör Raporu, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, İstanbul.
  • 3. Mazumdar, S.K., 2002. Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering, CRC Press, New York.
  • 4. Saheb, D.N., Jog, J.P., 1999. Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A Review, Advances in Polymer Technology, 18(4), 351-363.
  • 5. Li, X., Tabil, L.G., Panigrahi, S., 2007. Chemical Treatments of Natural Fiber for Use in Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites: A Review, Journal of Polymers and the Environment , 15(1), 25-33.
  • 6. Davies, G.C., Bruce, D.M., 1998. Effect of Environmental Relative Humidity and Damage on the Tensile Properties of Flax and Nettle Fibres, Textile Research Journal, 68(9), 623-629.
  • 7. Vogl, C.R., Hartl, A., 2003. Production and Processing of Organically Grown ®ber Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) and its Potential Use in the Natural Textile Industry: A Review, American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 18(3), 119-128.
  • 8. Summerscales, J., Dissanayake, N.P.J., Virk, A.S., Hall, W., 2010. A Review of Bast Fibres and Their Composites. Part 1 - Fibres as Reinforcements, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 41(10), 1329-1335.
  • 9. Singh, S.C., Shrestha, R., 1987. Extraction and Chemical Analysis of Himalayan Nettle Fibre, Research and Industry, 32(4), 259–262.
  • 10. Bacci, L., Baronti, S., Predieri, S., di Virgilo, N., 2008. Fiber Yield and Quality of Fiber Nettle (Urtica Dioica L.) Cultivated in Italy, Industrial Crops and Products, 29, 480-484.
  • 11. Bacci, L., Lonardo, S.D., Albanese, L., Mastromei, G., Perito, B., 2010. Effect of Different Extraction Methods on Fiber Quality of Nettle (Urtica dioica L.), Textile Research Journal, 81(8), 827–837.
  • 12. Huang, G., 2005. Nettle (Urtica cannabina L) Fibre, Properties and Spinning Practice, Journal of the Textile Institute, 96(1), 11-15.
  • 13. Bodros, E., Baley, C., 2008. Study of the Tensile Properties of Stinging Nettle Fibres (Urtica Dioica), Materials Letters, 62, 2143-2145.
  • 14. Paukszta, D., Ma Nkowski, J., Kołodziej, J., Szostak, M., 2013. Polypropylene (PP) Composites Reinforced with Stinging Nettle (Utrica dioica L.) Fiber, Journal of Natural Fibers, 10, 147–158.
  • 15. Bajpai, P.K., Meena, D., Vatsa, S., Singh, I., 2013. Tensile Behavior of Nettle Fiber Composites Exposed to Various Environments, Journal of Natural Fibers, 10(3), 244-256.
  • 16. Marila, A.J. 2010. Ms Thesis, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering/Polymer Engineering, MSc Programmes in Engineering Materials Technology (EEIGM)/2000:235, (ISSN 1402-1617/ISRN LTU-EX--00/235--SE/NR 2000:235), Lulea University of Tecchnology, Sweden, http://epubl.luth.se/ 1402-1617/2000/235/index-en.html (Erişim: 11th Dec 2015).
  • 17. Fischer, H., Werwein, E., Graupner, N., 2012. Nettle Fibre (Urtica dioica L.) Reinforced Poly (Lactic Acid): A First Approach, Journal of Composite Materials, 46(24), 3077–3087.
  • 18. Bajpai, P.K., Singh, I., Madaan, J., 2012. Comparative Studies of Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Polylactic Acid and Polypropylene Based Natural Fiber Composites, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 31(24), 1712–1724.
  • 19. Gassan, J., Bledzki, A.K., 1999. Possibilities for Improving the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Epoxy Composites by Alkali Treatment of Fibres, Composites Science and Technology, 59(9), 1303-1309.
  • 20. Prasad, S.V., Pavithan, C., Rohatgi, P.K., 1983. Alkali Treatment of Coir Fibres for Coir– Polyester Composites, Journal Material Science, 18, 1443-1454.
  • 21. Sydenstricker, T.H.D., Mochnaz, S., Amico, S.C., 2003. Pull-Out and Other Evaluations in Sisal Reinforced Polyester Biocomposites, Polymer Testing, 22, 375-380.
  • 22. Ray, D., Sarkar, B.K., Rana, A.K., Bose, N.R., 2001. Effect of Alkali Treated Jute Fibres on Composite Properties, Bulletin of Materials Science, 24(2), 129-135.
  • 23. Jacob, M., Thomas, S., Varughese, K.T., 2004. Mechanical Properties of Sisal/Oil Palm Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 64, 955–965.
  • 24. Mishra, S., Mohanty, A.K., Drzal, L.T., Misra, M., Parija, S., Nayak, S.K., Tipathy, S.S., 2003. Studies on Mechanical Performance of Biofibre/Glass Reinforced Polyester Hybrid Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1377–1385.
  • 25. Liu, X.Y., Dai, G.C., 2007. Surface Modification and Micromechanical Properties of Jute Fiber Mat Reinforced Polypropylene Composites, Express Polymer Letters, 1(5), 299-307.
  • 26. Van De Weyenberg, I., Ivens, J., De Coster, A., Kino, B., Baetens, E., Verpoest, I., 2003. Influence of Processing and Chemical Treatment of Flax Fibres on Their Composites, Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1241–1246.
  • 27. Seki, Y., 2009. Innovative Multifunctional Siloxane Treatment of Jute Fiber Surface and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties of Jute/Thermoset Composites, Materials Science and Engineering A., 508, 247–252.
  • 28. Ray, D., Sarkar, B.K., Rana, A.K., 2002. Fracture Behavior of Vinylester Resin Matrix Composites Reinforced with Alkali Treated Jute Fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 85, 2588-2593.
  • 29. Razera, I.A.T., Frollini, E., 2004. Composites Based on Jute Fibers and Phenolic Matrices: Properties of Fibers and Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 91, 1077-1085.
  • 30. Cao, Y., Shibata, S., Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Composites Reinforced with Bagasse Fiber Before and After Alkali Treatments, Composites: Part A, 37(3), 423-429.
  • 31. Van De Weyenberg, I., Chi Truong, T., Vangrimde, B., Verpoest, I., 2006. Improving the Properties of UD Flax Fibre Reinforced Composites by Applying an Alkaline Fibre Treatment, Composites: Part A, 37, 1368–1376.
  • 32. Herrera-Franco, P.J., Valadez-Gonzalez, A., 2005. A Study of the Mechanical Properties of Short Natural-Fiber Reinforced Composites, Composites: Part B, 36, 597–608.
  • 33. Cao, Y., Shibata, S., Fukumoto, I., 2006. Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Composites Reinforced with Bagasse Fibre Before and After Alkali Treatments, Composites Part A, 37, 423-429.
  • 34. Karaduman, Y., Gokcan, D., Onal, L., 2013. Effect of Enzymatic Pre-Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites, Journal of Composite Materials, 47(10), 1293-1302.
  • 35. Dash, B.N., Rana, A.K., Mishra, H.K., Nayak, S.K., Mishra, S.C., Tripathy, S.S., 1999. Novel, Low-cost Jute-polyester Composites, Part 1: Processing, Mechanical Properties and SEM Analysis. Polymer Composites, 20(7), 62-71.
  • 36. Singh, B., Gupta, M., Verma, M., 1996. Influence of Fiber Surface Treatment on the Properties of Sisal-polyester Composites. Polymer Composites, 17(6), 910-918.
  • 37. Baiardo, M., Zini, E., Scandola, M., 2004. Flax Fibre–polyester Composites, Composites: Part A, 35, 703–710.
  • 38. Gohil, P.P., Shaikh, A.A., 2010. Experimental Investigation and Micro Mechanics Assessment for Longitudinal Elastic Modulus in Unidirectional Cotton-polyester Composites. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(2), 111-118.
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Emel Ceyhun Sabır

Publication Date June 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 35 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sabır, E. C. (2020). Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437
AMA Sabır EC. Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri. cukurovaummfd. June 2020;35(2):433-444. doi:10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437
Chicago Sabır, Emel Ceyhun. “Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi Ve Mekanik Özellikleri”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35, no. 2 (June 2020): 433-44. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437.
EndNote Sabır EC (June 1, 2020) Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35 2 433–444.
IEEE E. C. Sabır, “Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri”, cukurovaummfd, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 433–444, 2020, doi: 10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437.
ISNAD Sabır, Emel Ceyhun. “Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi Ve Mekanik Özellikleri”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi 35/2 (June 2020), 433-444. https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437.
JAMA Sabır EC. Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri. cukurovaummfd. 2020;35:433–444.
MLA Sabır, Emel Ceyhun. “Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi Ve Mekanik Özellikleri”. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 2, 2020, pp. 433-44, doi:10.21605/cukurovaummfd.792437.
Vancouver Sabır EC. Yüzey Modifikasyonu Yapılmış Isırgan Otu Lifi Takviyeli Polyester Kompozit Üretimi ve Mekanik Özellikleri. cukurovaummfd. 2020;35(2):433-44.