Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 61 - 68, 31.12.2015

Abstract

References

  • Schellander, H., 2004. Die Bestimmung von mittleren Anbruchhöhen für Lawinen in Tirol. Technische Report, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie and Geodynamik ZAMG.
  • Volk, G., and Kleemayr, K., 1999. Lawinen simulation modell ELBA. Wildbach und Lawinenverbau, 63. Jg. Heft 138.
  • Sauermoser, S. and Illmer, D., 2002. The use of different avalanche calculation models practical experiences. In: International Congress of INTERPRAEVENT, Pacific Rim Matsumoto, Japan. 2:741–750.
  • Rudolf-Miklau, F., Sauermoser, S., Mears, A., 2014. Technical Avalanche Protection Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, 420 pp.
  • Margreth, S., 2007. Defense structures in avalanche starting zones. Technical guideline as an aid to enforcement. Environment in Practice no. 0704. Federal Office for the Environment, Bern; WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos. 134 pp.
  • Kocyigit, O., 1997. Hydraulic Design of Avalanche Barriers. MSc. Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Johannesson, T., Gauer, P., Issler, P., Lied, K., 2009. The design of avalanche protection dams, recent practical and theoretical developments, European Commission (EC), Directorate General for Research, Brussels, Belgium.
  • IRASMOS (Integral Risk Management of Extremely Rapid Mass Movements), 2008. Specific targeted research project, Work package 2: Countermeasures. Project no. 018412.
  • Aydin, A., 2010. Comparing the performance of base map scales in GIS-based avalanche simulations: a case study from Palandöken-Turkey. Environ Earth Sci, 61:1467-1472.
  • Aydin, A., Bühler, Y., Christen, M., Gürer, I. 2014. Avalanche situation in Turkey and back-calculation of selected events, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14(5), 1145-1154.

Avalanche Control with Mitigation Measures: A Case study from Karaçam-Trabzon (Turkey)

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 61 - 68, 31.12.2015

Abstract

Karaçam Village
(Trabzon), located in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey, suffers from
critical problems as a result of snow avalanches. Interviews with local
villagers described three important snow avalanche events which occurred in the
region. Despite the incidence of dangerous snow avalanches in the Karaçam
region, to date, no avalanche defense measures have been planned. In this
study, three different snow avalanche scenario simulations (coded as 1, 2 and
3) corresponding to recurrent periods of 30, 100, and 300 years were developed,
and Coulomb friction values were designated in order to provide reliable
results. For all scenarios, the Coulomb friction values were selected as 0.26
in the release zone, 0.165 in the track and 0.33 in the run-out zone. Scenario
2, a snow avalanche event in the region with the recurrent period of 100 years,
was found capable of causing damage to buildings located on the left side of
the track as well as on the opposite slope. Hence, taking into account field
surveys and observations, feasible counter-measures were planned according to
Scenario 2. Construction of structures for supporting the snowpack in the
starting zone, reforestation with supporting snow glide tripods, and
installation of wind fences were recommended. In total, 508 m of steel snow
bridges, 758 m of wooden snow bridges, reforestation with tripod supports over
an area of 7 ha, and 1150 m of wind fences were included in the plan.

References

  • Schellander, H., 2004. Die Bestimmung von mittleren Anbruchhöhen für Lawinen in Tirol. Technische Report, Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie and Geodynamik ZAMG.
  • Volk, G., and Kleemayr, K., 1999. Lawinen simulation modell ELBA. Wildbach und Lawinenverbau, 63. Jg. Heft 138.
  • Sauermoser, S. and Illmer, D., 2002. The use of different avalanche calculation models practical experiences. In: International Congress of INTERPRAEVENT, Pacific Rim Matsumoto, Japan. 2:741–750.
  • Rudolf-Miklau, F., Sauermoser, S., Mears, A., 2014. Technical Avalanche Protection Handbook. John Wiley & Sons, 420 pp.
  • Margreth, S., 2007. Defense structures in avalanche starting zones. Technical guideline as an aid to enforcement. Environment in Practice no. 0704. Federal Office for the Environment, Bern; WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos. 134 pp.
  • Kocyigit, O., 1997. Hydraulic Design of Avalanche Barriers. MSc. Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Johannesson, T., Gauer, P., Issler, P., Lied, K., 2009. The design of avalanche protection dams, recent practical and theoretical developments, European Commission (EC), Directorate General for Research, Brussels, Belgium.
  • IRASMOS (Integral Risk Management of Extremely Rapid Mass Movements), 2008. Specific targeted research project, Work package 2: Countermeasures. Project no. 018412.
  • Aydin, A., 2010. Comparing the performance of base map scales in GIS-based avalanche simulations: a case study from Palandöken-Turkey. Environ Earth Sci, 61:1467-1472.
  • Aydin, A., Bühler, Y., Christen, M., Gürer, I. 2014. Avalanche situation in Turkey and back-calculation of selected events, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 14(5), 1145-1154.
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gerhard Volk This is me

Abdurrahim Aydın

Remzi Eker

Publication Date December 31, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Volk, G., Aydın, A., & Eker, R. (2015). Avalanche Control with Mitigation Measures: A Case study from Karaçam-Trabzon (Turkey). European Journal of Forest Engineering, 1(2), 61-68.

Creative Commons License

The works published in European Journal of Forest Engineering (EJFE) are licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.