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Effects of pregnancy on olfaction

Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 104 - 107, 30.09.2017

Abstract

In this review, we aimed to report the effects of pregnancy on olfaction
function of the women. Since estrogen and progesterone levels change in
specific physiological conditions, pregnancy and postmenopausal period
exert an effect on the capability to sense and identify smells. Nasal
stuffiness increased during pregnancy. 66.6% of the pregnant women were
suffering olfactory dysfunction in the second trimester; while 95.8% in
the first and third trimesters. Olfactory function was lessened
following birth and throughout the first 6-12 weeks; however, it seemed
to improve entirely. In pregnant women, olfactory dysfunction was
observed in all trimesters; while it was less in the second trimester
and high in the first and third trimesters. The smell abnormalities were
almost absent at postpartum period. As olfactory functions improved
after delivery of the baby, olfactory changes during pregnancy may be
accepted as physiological changes which were observed in many pregnant
women.

References

  • Savoviç S, Ninciç D, Lemajiç S, et al. Olfactory perception in women with physiologically altered hormonal status (during pregnancy and menopause. [Article in Croatian] Med Pregl 2002;55:380–3. 2. Davidson TM, Jalowayski A, Murphy C, Jacobs RD. Evaluation and treatment of smell dysfunction. West J Med 1987;146:434– 8. 3. Lötsch J, Reichmann H, Hummel T. Different odor tests con- tribute differently to the evaluation of olfactory loss. Chem Senses 2008;33:17–21. 4. Wolfensberger M, Hummel T. Anti-inflammatory and surgical therapy of olfactory disorders related to sino-nasal disease. Chem Senses 2002;27:617–22. 5. Kobal G, Hummel T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, Wolf S. “Sniffin’ sticks”: screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology 1996;34:222–6. Bende M, Gredmark T. Nasal stuffiness during pregnancy. Laryngoscope 1999;109:1108–10. 7. Nordin S, Broman DA, Wulff M. Environmental odor intoler- ance in pregnant women. Physiol Behav 2005;84:175–9. 8. Doty RL, Snyder PJ, Huggins GR, Lowry LD. Endocrine, cardio- vascular, and psychological correlated of olfactory sensitivity changes during the human menstrual cycle. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1981;95:45–60. 9. Robinson AM, Philpott CM, Gaskin JA, Wolstenholme CR, Murty GE. The effect of female hormone manipulation on nasal physiology. Am J Rhinol 2007;21:675–9. 10. Hummel T, Gollisch R, Wildt G, Kobal G. Changes in olfacto- ry perception during the menstrual cycle. Experientia 1991;47: 712–5. 11. Goodwin TM. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an obstetric syn- drome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(5 Suppl Understanding): S184–9. 12. Heinrichs L. Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(5 Suppl Understanding): S215–9. 13. Erick M. Hyperolfaction and hyperemesis gravidarum: what is the relationship? Nutr Rev 1995;53:289–95. 14. Nosulia EV, Kim IA, Borisenko GN, Chernykh NM, Shakova EA. Olfactory dysfunction encountered in the practical work of the otorhinolaryngologist: the analysis of symptoms of different pathological conditions and in the pregnant women. [Article in Russian] Vestn Otorinolaringol 2013;4:72–7. 15. Laska M, Koch B, Heid B, Hudson R. Failure to demonstrate systematic changes in olfactory perception in the course of preg- nancy: a longitudinal study. Chem Senses 1996;21:567–71. 16. Kuga M, Ikeda M, Suzuki K, Takeuchi S. Changes in gustatory sense during pregnancy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2002;(546): 146–53. 17. Wohlgemuth C, Beinder E, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function with several pregnancies? Swiss Med Wkly 2008;138:466–9. 18. Zwaardemaker H. Die Physiologie des Geruchs. Leipzig: Engelmann; 1895. 19. Simsek G, Bayar Muluk N, Arikan OK, Ozcan Dag Z, Simsek Y, Dag E. Marked changes in olfactory perception during early preg- nancy: a prospective case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015;272:627–30. 20. Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch R, Kölble N. Olfactory mod- ulation of nausea during early pregnancy? BJOG 2002;109: 1394–7. 21. Gilbert AN, Wysocki CJ. Quantitative assessment of olfactory experience during pregnancy. Psychosom Med 1991;53:693– 700. 22. Nordin S, Broman DA, Olofsson JK, Wulff M. A longitudinal descriptive study of self-reported abnormal smell and taste per- ception in pregnant women. Chem Senses 2004;29:391–402. 23. Cameron EL. Measures of human olfactory perception during pregnancy. Chem Senses 2007;32:775–82. 24. Kölble N, Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch A, Huch R. Gustatory and olfactory function in the first trimester of preg- nancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;99:179–83. 25. Ochsenbein-Kölble N, von Mering R, Zimmermann R, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function in pregnancy and postpartum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;97:10–4. 26. Lee RV. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an evolutionary hypothesis. Rev Med Chil 2002;130:580–4.
Year 2017, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 104 - 107, 30.09.2017

Abstract

References

  • Savoviç S, Ninciç D, Lemajiç S, et al. Olfactory perception in women with physiologically altered hormonal status (during pregnancy and menopause. [Article in Croatian] Med Pregl 2002;55:380–3. 2. Davidson TM, Jalowayski A, Murphy C, Jacobs RD. Evaluation and treatment of smell dysfunction. West J Med 1987;146:434– 8. 3. Lötsch J, Reichmann H, Hummel T. Different odor tests con- tribute differently to the evaluation of olfactory loss. Chem Senses 2008;33:17–21. 4. Wolfensberger M, Hummel T. Anti-inflammatory and surgical therapy of olfactory disorders related to sino-nasal disease. Chem Senses 2002;27:617–22. 5. Kobal G, Hummel T, Sekinger B, Barz S, Roscher S, Wolf S. “Sniffin’ sticks”: screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology 1996;34:222–6. Bende M, Gredmark T. Nasal stuffiness during pregnancy. Laryngoscope 1999;109:1108–10. 7. Nordin S, Broman DA, Wulff M. Environmental odor intoler- ance in pregnant women. Physiol Behav 2005;84:175–9. 8. Doty RL, Snyder PJ, Huggins GR, Lowry LD. Endocrine, cardio- vascular, and psychological correlated of olfactory sensitivity changes during the human menstrual cycle. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1981;95:45–60. 9. Robinson AM, Philpott CM, Gaskin JA, Wolstenholme CR, Murty GE. The effect of female hormone manipulation on nasal physiology. Am J Rhinol 2007;21:675–9. 10. Hummel T, Gollisch R, Wildt G, Kobal G. Changes in olfacto- ry perception during the menstrual cycle. Experientia 1991;47: 712–5. 11. Goodwin TM. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an obstetric syn- drome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(5 Suppl Understanding): S184–9. 12. Heinrichs L. Linking olfaction with nausea and vomiting of preg- nancy, recurrent abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum, and migraine headache. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186(5 Suppl Understanding): S215–9. 13. Erick M. Hyperolfaction and hyperemesis gravidarum: what is the relationship? Nutr Rev 1995;53:289–95. 14. Nosulia EV, Kim IA, Borisenko GN, Chernykh NM, Shakova EA. Olfactory dysfunction encountered in the practical work of the otorhinolaryngologist: the analysis of symptoms of different pathological conditions and in the pregnant women. [Article in Russian] Vestn Otorinolaringol 2013;4:72–7. 15. Laska M, Koch B, Heid B, Hudson R. Failure to demonstrate systematic changes in olfactory perception in the course of preg- nancy: a longitudinal study. Chem Senses 1996;21:567–71. 16. Kuga M, Ikeda M, Suzuki K, Takeuchi S. Changes in gustatory sense during pregnancy. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 2002;(546): 146–53. 17. Wohlgemuth C, Beinder E, Ochsenbein-Kölble N, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function with several pregnancies? Swiss Med Wkly 2008;138:466–9. 18. Zwaardemaker H. Die Physiologie des Geruchs. Leipzig: Engelmann; 1895. 19. Simsek G, Bayar Muluk N, Arikan OK, Ozcan Dag Z, Simsek Y, Dag E. Marked changes in olfactory perception during early preg- nancy: a prospective case-control study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015;272:627–30. 20. Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch R, Kölble N. Olfactory mod- ulation of nausea during early pregnancy? BJOG 2002;109: 1394–7. 21. Gilbert AN, Wysocki CJ. Quantitative assessment of olfactory experience during pregnancy. Psychosom Med 1991;53:693– 700. 22. Nordin S, Broman DA, Olofsson JK, Wulff M. A longitudinal descriptive study of self-reported abnormal smell and taste per- ception in pregnant women. Chem Senses 2004;29:391–402. 23. Cameron EL. Measures of human olfactory perception during pregnancy. Chem Senses 2007;32:775–82. 24. Kölble N, Hummel T, von Mering R, Huch A, Huch R. Gustatory and olfactory function in the first trimester of preg- nancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2001;99:179–83. 25. Ochsenbein-Kölble N, von Mering R, Zimmermann R, Hummel T. Changes in olfactory function in pregnancy and postpartum. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2007;97:10–4. 26. Lee RV. Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: an evolutionary hypothesis. Rev Med Chil 2002;130:580–4.
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Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oğuzhan Dikici This is me

Nuray Bayar Muluk

Ethem Şahin This is me

Niyazi Altıntoprak This is me

Publication Date September 30, 2017
Submission Date November 6, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Dikici, O., Bayar Muluk, N., Şahin, E., Altıntoprak, N. (2017). Effects of pregnancy on olfaction. ENT Updates, 7(2), 104-107.
AMA Dikici O, Bayar Muluk N, Şahin E, Altıntoprak N. Effects of pregnancy on olfaction. ENT Updates. September 2017;7(2):104-107.
Chicago Dikici, Oğuzhan, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Ethem Şahin, and Niyazi Altıntoprak. “Effects of Pregnancy on Olfaction”. ENT Updates 7, no. 2 (September 2017): 104-7.
EndNote Dikici O, Bayar Muluk N, Şahin E, Altıntoprak N (September 1, 2017) Effects of pregnancy on olfaction. ENT Updates 7 2 104–107.
IEEE O. Dikici, N. Bayar Muluk, E. Şahin, and N. Altıntoprak, “Effects of pregnancy on olfaction”, ENT Updates, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 104–107, 2017.
ISNAD Dikici, Oğuzhan et al. “Effects of Pregnancy on Olfaction”. ENT Updates 7/2 (September 2017), 104-107.
JAMA Dikici O, Bayar Muluk N, Şahin E, Altıntoprak N. Effects of pregnancy on olfaction. ENT Updates. 2017;7:104–107.
MLA Dikici, Oğuzhan et al. “Effects of Pregnancy on Olfaction”. ENT Updates, vol. 7, no. 2, 2017, pp. 104-7.
Vancouver Dikici O, Bayar Muluk N, Şahin E, Altıntoprak N. Effects of pregnancy on olfaction. ENT Updates. 2017;7(2):104-7.