Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

THE EFFECT OF GRINDING ON OPTICAL BAND GAP AND URBACH ENERGY OF POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITES

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 309 - 323, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1330556

Abstract

References

  • [1] Wang Y, Qing X, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu K, Wang W, Li M, Lu Z, Chen Y et al. The woven fiber organic electrochemical transistors based on polypyrrole nanowires/reduced graphene oxide composites for glucose sensing. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017; 95: 138-145.
  • [2] Bezgin Carbas B, Ergin NM, Yildiz HB, Kivrak A, Demet AE. Electrochromic properties of a polydithienylpyrrole derivative with n-phenyl pyrrole subunit. Mater Chem Phys. 2023; 293: 126916.
  • [3] Ahmad N, Sultana S, Sabir S, Khan MZ. Exploring the visible light driven photocatalysis by reduced graphene oxide supported PPy/CdS nanocomposites for the degradation of organic pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem. 2020; 386: 112129.
  • [4] Folorunso O, Hamam Y, Sadiku R, Ray SS, Adekoya GJ. Investigation of graphene loaded polypyrrole for lithium-ion battery. Mater Today Proc. 2021; 38: 635-638.
  • [5] Gupta A, Sardana S, Dahiya S, Punia R, Maan AS., Singh K, Tripathi R, Ohlan A. Binder-free polypyrrole/fluorinated graphene nanocomposite hydrogel as a novel electrode material for highly efficient supercapacitors. Appl Surf Sci Adv. 2022; 11: 100297.
  • [6] Qiu S, Li W, Zheng W, Zhao H, Wang L. Synergistic effect of polypyrrole-intercalated graphene for enhanced corrosion protection of aqueous coating in 3.5% NaCl solution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017; 9: 34294-34304.
  • [7] Zare EN, Agarwal T, Zarepour A, Pinelli F, Zarrabi A, Rossi F, Ashrafizadeh M, Maleki A, Shahbazi MA, Maiti TK et al. Electroconductive multi-functional polypyrrole composites for biomedical applications. Appl Mater Today. 2021; 24: 101117.
  • [8] Hao L, Yu D. Progress of conductive polypyrrole nanocomposites. Synth Met. 2022; 290: 117138.
  • [9] Bora C, Dolui SK. Interfacial synthesis of polypyrrole/graphene composites and investigation of their optical, electrical and electrochemical properties. Polym Int. 2014; 63: 1439-1446.
  • [10] Krishnaswamy S, Ragupathi V, Raman S, Panigrahi P, Nagarajan GS. Optical properties of p-type polypyrrole thin film synthesized by pulse laser deposition technique: Hole transport layer in electroluminescence devices. Optik (Stuttg). 2019; 194: 163034.
  • [11] Wilczewska P, Breczko J, Bobrowska DM, Wysocka-Żołopa M, Goclon J, Basa A, Winkler K. Enhancement of polypyrrole electrochemical performance with graphene quantum dots in polypyrrole nanoparticle/graphene quantum dot composites. J Electroanal Chem. 2022; 923: 116767.
  • [12] Velasco-Soto MA, Pérez-García SA, Alvarez-Quintana J, Cao Y, Nyborg L, Licea-Jiménez L. Selective band gap manipulation of graphene oxide by its reduction with mild reagents. Carbon N Y. 2015; 93: 967-973.
  • [13] Liu S, Jiang X, Waterhouse GIN, Zhang ZM, Yu L. Protonated graphitic carbon nitride/polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide composites as efficient visible light driven photocatalysts for dye degradation and E. coli disinfection. J Alloys Compd. 2021; 873: 159750.
  • [14] Sadrolhosseini AR, Abdul Rashid S, Noor ASM, Kharazmi A, Lim HN, Mahdi MA. Optical band gap and thermal diffusivity of polypyrrole-nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite layer. J Nanomater. 2016; 2016(Article ID 1949042): 1-8.
  • [15] Noreen H, Iqbal J, Arshad A, Faryal R, Ata-ur-Rahman, Khattak R. Sunlight induced catalytic degradation of bromophenol blue and antibacterial performance of graphene nanoplatelets/polypyrrole nanocomposites. J Solid State Chem. 2019; 275: 141-148.
  • [16] Ahmed, F.M., Hassan, S.M. Optical and A.C. electrical properties for polypyrrole and polypyrrole/graphene (ppy/gn) nanocomposites. Iraqi J Phys. 2021; 19: 72-78.
  • [17] Dey S, Kumar KA. Morphological and optical properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles synthesized by variation of monomer to oxidant ratio. Mater Today Proc. 2019; 18: 1072-1076.
  • [18] Sood Y, Mudila H, Katoch A, Lokhande PE, Kumar D, Sharma A, Kumar A. Eminence of oxidants on structural–electrical property of polypyrrole. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2023; 34: 1401.
  • [19] Li XG, Li A, Huang MR, Liao Y, Lu YG. Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C. 2010; 114: 19244-19255.
  • [20] Dubey N. A study on surfactant modified polypyrrole nanostructures and its applications in supercapacitors. Int J Polym Anal Charact. 2023; 28: 625-646.
  • [21] John J, Jayalekshmi S. Polypyrrole with appreciable solubility, crystalline order and electrical conductivity synthesized using various dopants appropriate for device applications. Polym Bull. 2023; 80: 6099-6116.
  • [22] Ravikiran YT, Chethan B, Prasad V, Raj Prakash HG, Prashantkumar M, Tiwari SK, Thomas S. Polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide composite as a low-cost novel sensing material for fast-response humidity sensor. Mater Chem Phys. 2023; 303: 127800.
  • [23] Atta A, Abdeltwab E, Negm H, Al-Harbi N, Rabia M, Abdelhamied MM. Characterization and linear/non-linear optical properties of polypyrrole/NiO for optoelectronic devices. Inorg Chem Commun. 2023; 152: 110726.
  • [24] Deligöz H, Tieke B. Conducting composites of polyurethane resin and polypyrrole: solvent-free preparation, electrical, and mechanical properties. Macromol Mater Eng. 2006; 291: 793-801.
  • [25] Manivel P, Kanagaraj S, Balamurugan A, Ponpandian N, Mangalaraj D, Viswanathan C. Rheological behavior-electrical and thermal properties of polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2014; 131: 40642(1-10).
  • [26] Li S, Wu D, Cheng C, Wang J, Zhang F, Su Y, Feng X. Polyaniline-coupled multifunctional 2D metal oxide/hydroxide graphene nanohybrids. Angew Chemie Int. 2013; 52: 12105-12109.
  • [27] Bose S, Kim NH, Kuila T, Lau K, Lee JH. Electrochemical performance of a graphene-polypyrrole nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode. Nanotechnology. 2011; 22: 295202.
  • [28] Fan X, Yang Z, He N. Hierarchical nanostructured polypyrrole/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode. RSC Adv. 2015; 5: 15096-15102.
  • [29] Basavaraja C, Kim WJ, Thinh PX, Huh DS. Electrical conductivity studies on water-soluble polypyrrole-graphene oxide composites. Polym Compos. 2011; 32: 2076-2083.
  • [30] lam SN, Kumar L, Sharma N. Development of Cu-exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) metal matrix composite by powder metallurgy route. Graphene. 2015; 04: 91-111.
  • [31] Bora C, Dolui SK. Fabrication of polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites by liquid/liquid interfacial polymerization and evaluation of their optical, electrical and electrochemical properties. Polymer (Guildf). 2012; 53: 923-932.
  • [32] Alves APP, Koizumi R, Samanta A, Machado LD, Singh AK, Galvao DS, Silva GG, Tiwary CS, Ajayan PM. One-step electrodeposited 3D-ternary composite of zirconia nanoparticles, rGO and polypyrrole with enhanced supercapacitor performance. Nano Energy. 2017; 31: 225-232.
  • [33] Liu A, Li C, Bai H, Shi G. Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole/sulfonated graphene composite films. J Phys Chem C. 2010; 114: 22783-22789.
  • [34] Rosas-Laverde NM, Pruna AI, Busquets-Mataix D. Graphene oxide-polypyrrole coating for functional ceramics. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10: 1188.
  • [35] Ferrari AC. Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun. 2010; 143: 47-57.
  • [36] Okutan M. Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid with thermally reduced graphene oxide. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Derg. 2020; 35: 1589-1601.
  • [37] Khademeh Molavi F, Ghasemi I, Messori M, Esfandeh M. Nanocomposites based on poly(L-lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends with triple-shape memory behavior: effect of the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNps). Compos Sci Technol. 2017; 151: 219-227.
  • [38] Kovtun A, Treossi E, Mirotta N, Scidà A, Liscio A, Christian M, Valorosi F, Boschi A, Young RJ, Galiotis C et al. Benchmarking of graphene-based materials: real commercial products versus ideal graphene. 2D Mater. 2019; 6: 25006.
  • [39] Purkait T, Singh G, Kamboj N, Das M, Dey RS. All-porous heterostructure of reduced graphene oxide–polypyrrole–nanoporous gold for a planar flexible supercapacitor showing outstanding volumetric capacitance and energy density. J Mater Chem A. 2018; 6: 22858-22869.
  • [40] Tran XT, Park SS, Song S, Haider MS, Imran SM, Hussain M, Kim HT. Electroconductive performance of polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube composites synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization. J Mater Sci. 2019; 54: 3156-3173.
  • [41] Šetka M, Calavia R, Vojkůvka L, Llobet E, Drbohlavová J, Vallejos S. Raman and XPS studies of ammonia sensitive polypyrrole nanorods and nanoparticles. Sci Rep, 2019; 9: 8465.
  • [42] Wang J, Fu D, Ren B, Yu P, Zhang X, Zhang W, Kan K. Design and fabrication of polypyrrole/expanded graphite 3D interlayer nanohybrids towards high capacitive performance. RSC Adv. 2019; 9: 23109-23118.
  • [43] Cao J, Wang Y, Chen J, Li X, Walsh FC, Ouyang JH, Jia D, Zhou Y. Three-dimensional graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite electrodes fabricated by one-step electrodeposition for high performance supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A. 2015; 3: 14445-14457.
  • [44] Johra FT, Lee JW, Jung WG. Facile and safe graphene preparation on solution based platform. J Ind Eng Chem. 2014; 20: 2883-2887.
  • [45] Chaudhary K, Aadil M, Zulfiqar S, Ullah S, Haider S, Agboola PO, Warsi MF, Shakir I. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide supported ZnO nanochips for removal of basic dyes from the industrial effluents. fullerenes, Nanotub Carbon Nanostructures. 2021; 29: 915-928.
  • [46] Yalçınkaya S, Çakmak D. Electrochemical synthesis of poly(pyrrole-co-[Cu(salabza)]): its electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of catechol. Hacettepe J Biol Chem. 2016; 44: 425-434.
  • [47] Nayak J, Mahadeva SK, Kim J. Characteristics of flexible electrode made on cellulose by soluble polypyrrole coating. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci. 2012; 226: 2605-2609.
  • [48] Al-Harbi LM, Alsulami QA, Farea MO, Rajeh A. Tuning optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of polyethylene oxide/carboxymethyl cellulose doped with mixed metal oxide nanoparticles for flexible electronic devices. J Mol Struct. 2023; 1272: 134244.
  • [49] Johannes AZ, Pingak RK, Bukit M. Tauc plot software: calculating energy gap values of organic materials based on ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectrum. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 823: 012030.
  • [50] Tauc J. Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si. Mater Res Bull. 1968; 3: 37-46.
  • [51] Guimarães ML, da Silva FAG, da Costa MM, de Oliveira HP. Coating of conducting polymer-silver nanoparticles for antibacterial protection of nile tilapia skin xenografts. Synth Met. 2022; 287: 117055.
  • [52] Alzahrani HS, Al-Sulami AI, Alsulami QA, Rajeh A. A systematic study of structural, conductivity, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of PEO/PVA-MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposites films for optoelectronic applications. Opt Mater (Amst). 2022; 133: 112900.
  • [53] Ali HE, Khairy Y, Sayed MA, Algarni H, Shkir M, Maged FA. A. tailoring the linear/nonlinear optical and visible shielding performance of PVP/PVOH incorporated with NiO nanoparticles for optical devices. Optik (Stuttg). 2022; 251: 168373.
  • [54] Sharma N, Prabakar K, Ilango S, Dash S, Tyagi AK. Optical band-gap and associated Urbach energy tails in defected ain thin films grown by ion beam sputter deposition: Effect of Assisted Ion Energy. Adv Mater Proc. 2021; 2: 342-346.
  • [55] Boran F, Çeti̇nkaya Gürer S. The effect of starting material types on the structure of graphene oxide and graphene. Turkish J Chem. 2019; 43: 1322-1335.
  • [56] Oliveira AEF, Braga GB, Tarley CRT, Pereira AC. Thermally reduced graphene oxide: synthesis, studies and characterization. J Mater Sci. 2018; 53: 12005-12015.
  • [57] Boran F, Çetinkaya S, Anaklı D, Karakışla M, Saçak M. Synthesis and characterization of Poly (o-toluidine)/Na-Feldspar conductive composites with improved electrical conductivity. Mühendislik Derg. 2017; 8: 901-910.

THE EFFECT OF GRINDING ON OPTICAL BAND GAP AND URBACH ENERGY OF POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITES

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering, 309 - 323, 27.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18038/estubtda.1330556

Abstract

The goal of this study is to better understand the effect of grinding on the Eg of polypyrrole (PPy)/commercial graphene nanoplatelets (xGnP) composites with varying amounts of xGnP. The Eg for direct transition as a function of the xGnP amount was calculated from the Tauc plot. While the average particle size of the composites decreased between 6% and 30%, there was a slight decrement in the Egs. These values changed between 4.02 to 3.87 eV with the increasing amount of xGnP before grinding, and they reached between 3.97 to 3.88 eV after grinding. Moreover, it was determined that the EU was inversely proportional to Eg. These findings suggest that the PPy/xGnP composites could be suitable for several applications, such as photocatalytic and optoelectronic.

References

  • [1] Wang Y, Qing X, Zhou Q, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Liu K, Wang W, Li M, Lu Z, Chen Y et al. The woven fiber organic electrochemical transistors based on polypyrrole nanowires/reduced graphene oxide composites for glucose sensing. Biosens Bioelectron. 2017; 95: 138-145.
  • [2] Bezgin Carbas B, Ergin NM, Yildiz HB, Kivrak A, Demet AE. Electrochromic properties of a polydithienylpyrrole derivative with n-phenyl pyrrole subunit. Mater Chem Phys. 2023; 293: 126916.
  • [3] Ahmad N, Sultana S, Sabir S, Khan MZ. Exploring the visible light driven photocatalysis by reduced graphene oxide supported PPy/CdS nanocomposites for the degradation of organic pollutants. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem. 2020; 386: 112129.
  • [4] Folorunso O, Hamam Y, Sadiku R, Ray SS, Adekoya GJ. Investigation of graphene loaded polypyrrole for lithium-ion battery. Mater Today Proc. 2021; 38: 635-638.
  • [5] Gupta A, Sardana S, Dahiya S, Punia R, Maan AS., Singh K, Tripathi R, Ohlan A. Binder-free polypyrrole/fluorinated graphene nanocomposite hydrogel as a novel electrode material for highly efficient supercapacitors. Appl Surf Sci Adv. 2022; 11: 100297.
  • [6] Qiu S, Li W, Zheng W, Zhao H, Wang L. Synergistic effect of polypyrrole-intercalated graphene for enhanced corrosion protection of aqueous coating in 3.5% NaCl solution. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2017; 9: 34294-34304.
  • [7] Zare EN, Agarwal T, Zarepour A, Pinelli F, Zarrabi A, Rossi F, Ashrafizadeh M, Maleki A, Shahbazi MA, Maiti TK et al. Electroconductive multi-functional polypyrrole composites for biomedical applications. Appl Mater Today. 2021; 24: 101117.
  • [8] Hao L, Yu D. Progress of conductive polypyrrole nanocomposites. Synth Met. 2022; 290: 117138.
  • [9] Bora C, Dolui SK. Interfacial synthesis of polypyrrole/graphene composites and investigation of their optical, electrical and electrochemical properties. Polym Int. 2014; 63: 1439-1446.
  • [10] Krishnaswamy S, Ragupathi V, Raman S, Panigrahi P, Nagarajan GS. Optical properties of p-type polypyrrole thin film synthesized by pulse laser deposition technique: Hole transport layer in electroluminescence devices. Optik (Stuttg). 2019; 194: 163034.
  • [11] Wilczewska P, Breczko J, Bobrowska DM, Wysocka-Żołopa M, Goclon J, Basa A, Winkler K. Enhancement of polypyrrole electrochemical performance with graphene quantum dots in polypyrrole nanoparticle/graphene quantum dot composites. J Electroanal Chem. 2022; 923: 116767.
  • [12] Velasco-Soto MA, Pérez-García SA, Alvarez-Quintana J, Cao Y, Nyborg L, Licea-Jiménez L. Selective band gap manipulation of graphene oxide by its reduction with mild reagents. Carbon N Y. 2015; 93: 967-973.
  • [13] Liu S, Jiang X, Waterhouse GIN, Zhang ZM, Yu L. Protonated graphitic carbon nitride/polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide composites as efficient visible light driven photocatalysts for dye degradation and E. coli disinfection. J Alloys Compd. 2021; 873: 159750.
  • [14] Sadrolhosseini AR, Abdul Rashid S, Noor ASM, Kharazmi A, Lim HN, Mahdi MA. Optical band gap and thermal diffusivity of polypyrrole-nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite layer. J Nanomater. 2016; 2016(Article ID 1949042): 1-8.
  • [15] Noreen H, Iqbal J, Arshad A, Faryal R, Ata-ur-Rahman, Khattak R. Sunlight induced catalytic degradation of bromophenol blue and antibacterial performance of graphene nanoplatelets/polypyrrole nanocomposites. J Solid State Chem. 2019; 275: 141-148.
  • [16] Ahmed, F.M., Hassan, S.M. Optical and A.C. electrical properties for polypyrrole and polypyrrole/graphene (ppy/gn) nanocomposites. Iraqi J Phys. 2021; 19: 72-78.
  • [17] Dey S, Kumar KA. Morphological and optical properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles synthesized by variation of monomer to oxidant ratio. Mater Today Proc. 2019; 18: 1072-1076.
  • [18] Sood Y, Mudila H, Katoch A, Lokhande PE, Kumar D, Sharma A, Kumar A. Eminence of oxidants on structural–electrical property of polypyrrole. J Mater Sci Mater Electron. 2023; 34: 1401.
  • [19] Li XG, Li A, Huang MR, Liao Y, Lu YG. Efficient and Scalable Synthesis of Pure Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Applicable for Advanced Nanocomposites and Carbon Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C. 2010; 114: 19244-19255.
  • [20] Dubey N. A study on surfactant modified polypyrrole nanostructures and its applications in supercapacitors. Int J Polym Anal Charact. 2023; 28: 625-646.
  • [21] John J, Jayalekshmi S. Polypyrrole with appreciable solubility, crystalline order and electrical conductivity synthesized using various dopants appropriate for device applications. Polym Bull. 2023; 80: 6099-6116.
  • [22] Ravikiran YT, Chethan B, Prasad V, Raj Prakash HG, Prashantkumar M, Tiwari SK, Thomas S. Polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide composite as a low-cost novel sensing material for fast-response humidity sensor. Mater Chem Phys. 2023; 303: 127800.
  • [23] Atta A, Abdeltwab E, Negm H, Al-Harbi N, Rabia M, Abdelhamied MM. Characterization and linear/non-linear optical properties of polypyrrole/NiO for optoelectronic devices. Inorg Chem Commun. 2023; 152: 110726.
  • [24] Deligöz H, Tieke B. Conducting composites of polyurethane resin and polypyrrole: solvent-free preparation, electrical, and mechanical properties. Macromol Mater Eng. 2006; 291: 793-801.
  • [25] Manivel P, Kanagaraj S, Balamurugan A, Ponpandian N, Mangalaraj D, Viswanathan C. Rheological behavior-electrical and thermal properties of polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2014; 131: 40642(1-10).
  • [26] Li S, Wu D, Cheng C, Wang J, Zhang F, Su Y, Feng X. Polyaniline-coupled multifunctional 2D metal oxide/hydroxide graphene nanohybrids. Angew Chemie Int. 2013; 52: 12105-12109.
  • [27] Bose S, Kim NH, Kuila T, Lau K, Lee JH. Electrochemical performance of a graphene-polypyrrole nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode. Nanotechnology. 2011; 22: 295202.
  • [28] Fan X, Yang Z, He N. Hierarchical nanostructured polypyrrole/graphene composites as supercapacitor electrode. RSC Adv. 2015; 5: 15096-15102.
  • [29] Basavaraja C, Kim WJ, Thinh PX, Huh DS. Electrical conductivity studies on water-soluble polypyrrole-graphene oxide composites. Polym Compos. 2011; 32: 2076-2083.
  • [30] lam SN, Kumar L, Sharma N. Development of Cu-exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) metal matrix composite by powder metallurgy route. Graphene. 2015; 04: 91-111.
  • [31] Bora C, Dolui SK. Fabrication of polypyrrole/graphene oxide nanocomposites by liquid/liquid interfacial polymerization and evaluation of their optical, electrical and electrochemical properties. Polymer (Guildf). 2012; 53: 923-932.
  • [32] Alves APP, Koizumi R, Samanta A, Machado LD, Singh AK, Galvao DS, Silva GG, Tiwary CS, Ajayan PM. One-step electrodeposited 3D-ternary composite of zirconia nanoparticles, rGO and polypyrrole with enhanced supercapacitor performance. Nano Energy. 2017; 31: 225-232.
  • [33] Liu A, Li C, Bai H, Shi G. Electrochemical deposition of polypyrrole/sulfonated graphene composite films. J Phys Chem C. 2010; 114: 22783-22789.
  • [34] Rosas-Laverde NM, Pruna AI, Busquets-Mataix D. Graphene oxide-polypyrrole coating for functional ceramics. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10: 1188.
  • [35] Ferrari AC. Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron-phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun. 2010; 143: 47-57.
  • [36] Okutan M. Electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid with thermally reduced graphene oxide. Gazi Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Derg. 2020; 35: 1589-1601.
  • [37] Khademeh Molavi F, Ghasemi I, Messori M, Esfandeh M. Nanocomposites based on poly(L-lactide)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends with triple-shape memory behavior: effect of the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets (GNps). Compos Sci Technol. 2017; 151: 219-227.
  • [38] Kovtun A, Treossi E, Mirotta N, Scidà A, Liscio A, Christian M, Valorosi F, Boschi A, Young RJ, Galiotis C et al. Benchmarking of graphene-based materials: real commercial products versus ideal graphene. 2D Mater. 2019; 6: 25006.
  • [39] Purkait T, Singh G, Kamboj N, Das M, Dey RS. All-porous heterostructure of reduced graphene oxide–polypyrrole–nanoporous gold for a planar flexible supercapacitor showing outstanding volumetric capacitance and energy density. J Mater Chem A. 2018; 6: 22858-22869.
  • [40] Tran XT, Park SS, Song S, Haider MS, Imran SM, Hussain M, Kim HT. Electroconductive performance of polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube composites synthesized via in situ oxidative polymerization. J Mater Sci. 2019; 54: 3156-3173.
  • [41] Šetka M, Calavia R, Vojkůvka L, Llobet E, Drbohlavová J, Vallejos S. Raman and XPS studies of ammonia sensitive polypyrrole nanorods and nanoparticles. Sci Rep, 2019; 9: 8465.
  • [42] Wang J, Fu D, Ren B, Yu P, Zhang X, Zhang W, Kan K. Design and fabrication of polypyrrole/expanded graphite 3D interlayer nanohybrids towards high capacitive performance. RSC Adv. 2019; 9: 23109-23118.
  • [43] Cao J, Wang Y, Chen J, Li X, Walsh FC, Ouyang JH, Jia D, Zhou Y. Three-dimensional graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite electrodes fabricated by one-step electrodeposition for high performance supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A. 2015; 3: 14445-14457.
  • [44] Johra FT, Lee JW, Jung WG. Facile and safe graphene preparation on solution based platform. J Ind Eng Chem. 2014; 20: 2883-2887.
  • [45] Chaudhary K, Aadil M, Zulfiqar S, Ullah S, Haider S, Agboola PO, Warsi MF, Shakir I. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide supported ZnO nanochips for removal of basic dyes from the industrial effluents. fullerenes, Nanotub Carbon Nanostructures. 2021; 29: 915-928.
  • [46] Yalçınkaya S, Çakmak D. Electrochemical synthesis of poly(pyrrole-co-[Cu(salabza)]): its electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of catechol. Hacettepe J Biol Chem. 2016; 44: 425-434.
  • [47] Nayak J, Mahadeva SK, Kim J. Characteristics of flexible electrode made on cellulose by soluble polypyrrole coating. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C J Mech Eng Sci. 2012; 226: 2605-2609.
  • [48] Al-Harbi LM, Alsulami QA, Farea MO, Rajeh A. Tuning optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of polyethylene oxide/carboxymethyl cellulose doped with mixed metal oxide nanoparticles for flexible electronic devices. J Mol Struct. 2023; 1272: 134244.
  • [49] Johannes AZ, Pingak RK, Bukit M. Tauc plot software: calculating energy gap values of organic materials based on ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectrum. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 823: 012030.
  • [50] Tauc J. Optical properties and electronic structure of amorphous Ge and Si. Mater Res Bull. 1968; 3: 37-46.
  • [51] Guimarães ML, da Silva FAG, da Costa MM, de Oliveira HP. Coating of conducting polymer-silver nanoparticles for antibacterial protection of nile tilapia skin xenografts. Synth Met. 2022; 287: 117055.
  • [52] Alzahrani HS, Al-Sulami AI, Alsulami QA, Rajeh A. A systematic study of structural, conductivity, linear, and nonlinear optical properties of PEO/PVA-MWCNTs/ZnO nanocomposites films for optoelectronic applications. Opt Mater (Amst). 2022; 133: 112900.
  • [53] Ali HE, Khairy Y, Sayed MA, Algarni H, Shkir M, Maged FA. A. tailoring the linear/nonlinear optical and visible shielding performance of PVP/PVOH incorporated with NiO nanoparticles for optical devices. Optik (Stuttg). 2022; 251: 168373.
  • [54] Sharma N, Prabakar K, Ilango S, Dash S, Tyagi AK. Optical band-gap and associated Urbach energy tails in defected ain thin films grown by ion beam sputter deposition: Effect of Assisted Ion Energy. Adv Mater Proc. 2021; 2: 342-346.
  • [55] Boran F, Çeti̇nkaya Gürer S. The effect of starting material types on the structure of graphene oxide and graphene. Turkish J Chem. 2019; 43: 1322-1335.
  • [56] Oliveira AEF, Braga GB, Tarley CRT, Pereira AC. Thermally reduced graphene oxide: synthesis, studies and characterization. J Mater Sci. 2018; 53: 12005-12015.
  • [57] Boran F, Çetinkaya S, Anaklı D, Karakışla M, Saçak M. Synthesis and characterization of Poly (o-toluidine)/Na-Feldspar conductive composites with improved electrical conductivity. Mühendislik Derg. 2017; 8: 901-910.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Materials Science and Technologies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Okutan 0000-0002-3110-0675

Publication Date December 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 4 - Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering

Cite

AMA Okutan M. THE EFFECT OF GRINDING ON OPTICAL BAND GAP AND URBACH ENERGY OF POLYPYRROLE/GRAPHENE COMPOSITES. Eskişehir Technical University Journal of Science and Technology A - Applied Sciences and Engineering. December 2023;24(4):309-323. doi:10.18038/estubtda.1330556