In vitro Antileishmanial Activity of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil on Leishmania infantum Parasites

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 115 - 120, 18.09.2023

Zeynep İşlek Fikrettin Şahin

https://doi.org/10.26650/experimed.1301967

Abstract

Objective: Leishmaniasis is an endemic tropical disease that is disseminated through the bite of a sandfly infected with Leishmania parasites. Conventional antileishmanial drugs are mainly toxic and can be ineffective; therefore, there is a need for new natural drug candidates. This study investigated the antileishmanial effects of Lavandula angustifolia (LA) essential oil on Leishmania infantum (L. infantum) parasites, and the safety features were tested on RAW264.7 murine macrophages.
Materials and Methods: LA essential oil was produced through the process of hydro-distillation, and its phytochemical content was determined using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antileishmanial effects of LA (0.063 to1 µL/mL) on L. infantum parasites as well as their safety features were assessed on RAW264.7 murine macrophages.
Results: The composition of LA essential oil was detected using GC-MS analysis, including linalool, pinene, 1, 8-cineole, linalyl acetate, and lavandulol. Concentrations at and above 0.5 µL/mL LA indicated a significant reduction (71% decrease) in the parasite proliferation, and caused a slight reduction in macrophage viability to 70% at 72 h.
Conclusions: The findings revealed the antileishmanial effect of LA on L. infantum parasites with relatively less toxicity on macrophages. The promising antileishmanial efficacy highlights the potential for further in vivo studies.

Keywords

Antileishmanial therapy, Lavandula angustifolia, Leishmania infantum, macrophages

References

• 1. Rodrigues V, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Laforge M, Silvestre R, Estaquier J. Regulation of immunity during visceral Leishmania infection. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9: 118. google scholar
• 2. Leishmaniasis. [cited 2023 23 May]. Available from https://www. who.int/news-room/fact- sheets/detail/leishmaniasis. google scholar
• 3. Sundar S, Chatterjee M. Visceral leishmaniasis - Current therapeutic modalities. Indian J Med Res 2006; 123(3), 345-52. google scholar
• 4. Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Engel J, Sindermann H, Fischer C, et al. Oral miltefosine for Indian visceral Leishmaniasis. N Engl J Med 2002; 347(22), 1739-46. google scholar
• 5. Shyam Sundar. 5 Journal Medicine. English J 2002; 346(5): 305-10. google scholar
• 6. Köse Ş, Töz SÖ, Lu İCBĞ, Olut A, Korkmaz M, Özbel Y. Case Report : Treatment of Kala- Azar by Amphotericin B lipid complex ( ABELCET ® ). Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi 2004; 28 (2): 126-8. google scholar
• 7. Murray HW, Berman JD, Davies CR, Saravia NG. Advances in leishmaniasis. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1561-77. google scholar
• 8. Tiuman TS, Santos AO, Ueda-Nakamura T, Filho BPD, Nakamura CV. Recent advances in leishmaniasis treatment. Int J Infect Dis 2011; 15(8): e525-e532. google scholar
• 9. Aronson N, Herwaldt BL, Libman M, Pearson R, Lopez-Velez R, Weina P, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of leishmaniasis: Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of America (IDSA) and the American Society of tropical medicine and hygiene (ASTMH). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96(1): 24-45. google scholar
• 10. Gupta G, Oghumu S, Satoskar AR. Mechanisms of immune evasion in Leishmaniasis. In: Advances in applied microbiology. 2013. p. 155-84. google scholar
• 11. Sahar H. Al-Natour. Update in the treatment of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. J Fam Community 2009; 16(2): 41-7. google scholar
• 12. Freitas-Junior LH, Chatelain E, Kim HA, Siqueira-Neto JL. Visceral leishmaniasis treatment: What do we have, what do we need and how to deliver it? Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2012; 2: 11-9. google scholar
• 13. Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Mishra M, Singh VP, Buffels R. Single-dose liposomal amphotericin B in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in India: A multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 37(6): 800-4. google scholar
• 14. Ouellette M, Drummelsmith J, Papadopoulou B. Leishmaniasis: Drugs in the clinic, resistance and new developments. Drug Resist Updat 2004; 7(4-5): 257-66. google scholar
• 15. Croft SL, Sundar S, Fairlamb AH. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19(1): 111-26. google scholar
• 16. Gupta S, Dube A, Vyas SP. Antileishmanial efficacy of amphotericin B bearing emulsomes against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. J Drug Target 2007; 15(6): 437-44. google scholar
• 17. Natera S, Machuca C, Padron-Nieves M, Romero A, D^az E, Ponte-Sucre A. Leishmania spp.: Proficiency of drug-resistant parasites. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007; 29(6): 637-42. google scholar
• 18. Cavanagh HMA, Wilkinson JM. Biological activities of lavender essential oil. Phytother Res 2002; 16(4): 301-8. google scholar
• 19. Shokri A, Saeedi M, Fakhar M, Morteza-Semnani K, Keighobadi M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, et al. Antileishmanial activity of lavandula angustifolia and rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and nano-emulsions on leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). Iran J Parasitol 2017; 12(4): 622- 31. google scholar
• 20. Sen R, Chatterjee M. Plant derived therapeutics for the treatment of Leishmaniasis. Phytomedicine 2011; 18(12): 1056-69. google scholar
• 21. Soosaraei M, Fakhar M, Hosseini Teshnizi S, Ziaei Hezarjaribi H, Banimostafavi ES. Medicinal plants with promising antileishmanial activity in Iran: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2017; 21: 63-80. google scholar
• 22. Bahmani M, Saki K, Ezatpour B, Shahsavari S, Eftekhari Z, Jelodari M, et al. Leishmaniosis phytotherapy: Review of plants used in Iranian traditional medicine on Leishmaniasis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5(9): 695-701. google scholar
• 23. Atay I, Kirmizibekmez H, Kaiser M, Akaydin G, Yesilada E, Tasdemir D. Evaluation of in vitro antiprotozoal activity of Ajuga laxmannii and its secondary metabolites. Pharm Biol. 2016; 54(9): 1808-14. google scholar
• 24. Cha JD, Jeong MR, Choi HJ, Jeong S Il, Moon SE, Yun S Il, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. Planta Med 2005; 71(6): 575-7. google scholar
• 25. Sharifi-Rad J, Sureda A, Tenore GC, Daglia M, Sharifi-Rad M, Valussi M, et al. Biological activities of essential oils: From plant chemoecology to traditional healing systems. Molecules 2017; 22(1): 70. google scholar
• 26. Moon T, Wilkinson JM, Cavanagh HMA. Antiparasitic activity of two Lavandula essential oils against Giardia duodenalis, Trichomonas vaginalis and Hexamita inflata. Parasitol Res 2006; 99(6): 722-8. google scholar
• 27. Islek Z, Ucisik MH, Keskin E, Sucu BO, Gomes-Alves AG, Tomas AM, et al. Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites. Front Nanotechnol 2022; 3: 773741. google scholar
• 28. Hsouna A Ben, Hamdi N. Phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oils and organic extracts from pelargonium graveolens growing in Tunisia. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11, 167. google scholar
• 29. Yao N, He JK, Pan M, Hou ZF, Xu JJ, Yang Y, et al. In vitro evaluation of lavandula angustifolia essential oil on anti-toxoplasma activity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11: 755715. google scholar
• 30. Mantovani ALL, Vieira GPG, Cunha WR, Groppo M, Santos RA, Rodrigues V, et al. Chemical composition, antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia grown in Southeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Farmacogn 2013; 23(6): 877-84. google scholar