Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 47 - 60, 29.03.2023

Abstract

References

  • [1] Slavin, A., Grigoryan, S., Popandopulo, E. & Balaeva, A., “Multi-storey wooden house building”, In E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 110. (2019).
  • [2] Falk, R. H., Wood as a sustainable building material. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material: chapter 1. Centennial ed. General technical report FPL; GTR-190. Madison, WI: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1.1-1.6., 190. (2010).
  • [3] Seçkin, P. N., Ekolojik Değerlere Göre Ahşap Kompozit Malzemenin Seçim Kriterleri, Master's Thesis, Mimar Sinan University, Institute of Science, İstanbul, (2006).
  • [4] Laguarda Mallo, M. Critical Factors In The Willingness to Adopt Innovative Wood-Based Building Materials İn the Construction Industry: The Case of CLT. The University of Minnesota Ph.D. Dissertation. (2017).
  • [5] Asdrubali, F., Ferracuti, B., Lombardi, L., Guattari, C., Evangelisti, L. & Grazieschi, G. “A Review of Structural, Thermo-Physical, Acoustical and Environmental Properties of Wooden Materials for Building Applications”, Building and Environment, 114, 307–332, (2017).
  • [6] ANSI/APA. Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber, ANSI/APA PRG 320. (2012).
  • [7] Grasser, K. K., Development of Cross Laminated Timber in the United States of America, Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, (2015).
  • [8] Mestek, P., Werther, N. & Winter, S., Building with Cross Laminated Timber-Load-bearing solid wood components for walls, ceilings and roofs. Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau eV, Wuppertal, 67-70, (2010).
  • [9] Horx-Strathern, O., Varga, C. & Guntschnig, G., The future of Timber Construction. CLT–Cross Laminated Timber. Zukunftsinstitut GmbH, StoraEnso, 1-59, (2017).
  • [10] Stora Enso (2017). CLT Technical brochure. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from https://www.storaenso.com/-/media/documents/download-center/documents/product-brochures/wood-products/clt-by-stora-enso-technical-brochure-en.pdf
  • [11] Vatanen, M., Ahoranta, T., Sirkka, A. & Pirttinen, V., CLT–versatile, fast and ecological construction material, Sirkka A., Pirttinen V. (Ed.) Lapland Uas Publıcatıons Series B. Research Reports and Compilations, (2017).
  • [12] Glass, S. V., Wang, J., Easley, S., & Finch, G. Enclosure--Building enclosure design for cross-laminated timber construction. In: CLT handbook: cross-laminated timber (Ed.). Karacabeyli, E., Brad Douglas.--US ed. (Special publication), ISSN 1925-0495; SP-529E); 2013; 55 p., 10, 1-55. (2013). [13] Gagnon, S., Bilek, E. T., Podesto, L. & Crespell, P. CLT Introduction to cross-laminated timber. In: CLT handbook: cross-laminated timber,(Ed.). Karacabeyli, E., Brad Douglas,--US ed. 2013; 1-45, 1-57, (2013).
  • [14] URL-1. https://www.strongtie.co.uk/en-UK/solutions/cross-laminated-timber Last Access: 10.05.2022.
  • [15] Artun, H. The Effect of Cross-Laminated Timber (Clt) Material on Building Energy Performance: A Case Study of Trabzon City, Master's Thesis, Avrasya University, Institute of Science, Trabzon, (2021).
  • [16] Santi, S., Pierobon, F., Corradini, G., Cavalli, R. ve Zanetti, M., “Massive wood material for sustainable building design: the Massiv–Holz–Mauer wall system”, Journal of Wood Science, 62(5), 416-428, (2016).
  • [17] Stora Enso (2021). Retrieved from https://www.storaenso.com/-/media/documents/download-center/documents/product-specifications/wood-products/clt-technical/clt-by-stora-enso-technical-documentation---building-physics--2021-9-en.pdf
  • [18] Evans, L., “Cross Laminated Timber: Taking Wood Buildings to the Next Level”, Architectural Records, (2013).
  • [19] Dong, Y., Cui, X., Yin, X., Chen, Y. & Guo, H., “Assessment of Energy Saving Potential by Replacing Conventional Materials by Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)-A Case Study of Office Buildings in China”, Applied Sciences, 9(5), 858, (2019).
  • [20a] Cho, H. M., Wi, S., Chang, S. J. & Kim, S., “Hygrothermal Properties Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Wall With Internal and External Insulation Systems”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol:231, 1353-1363, (2019).
  • [20b] Cho, H. M., Park, J. H., Wi, S., Chang, S. J., Yun, G. Y. & Kim, S., “Energy Retrofit Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Residential Buildings İn Seoul, Korea: Insights From A Case Study of Packages”, Energy and Buildings, Vol:202, 109329, (2019).
  • [21] Chang, S. J., Wi, S. & Kim, S., “Thermal Bridging Analysis of Connections in Cross Laminated Timber Buildings Based on ISO 10211”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol: 213, 709-722, (2019).
  • [22] Guo, H., Zhou, S., Qin, T., Huang, L., Song, W. & Yin, X., “Energy Sustainability of Bio-Based Building Materials in the Cold and Severe Cold Regions of China—A Case Study of Residential Buildings”, Applied Sciences, 10(5), 1582, (2020).
  • [23] Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. & Sathre, R., “Lifecycle Primary Energy Analysis of Low-Energy Timber Building Systems for Multi-Storey Residential Buildings”, Energy and Buildings, Vol:81, 84-97, (2014).
  • [24] Guo, H., Liu, Y., Chang, W. S., Shao, Y. & Sun, C., “Energy saving and carbon reduction in the operation stage of cross-laminated timber residential buildings in China”, Sustainability, 9(2), 292, (2017).
  • [25] Lakot Alemdağ, E., Tandoğan, G. & Artun, H., “Energy Efficiency In Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Buildings, Dal, M. (Ed.)”, Architectural Sciences and Technology, Livre de Lyon, France, (247-267), (2021). Retrieved from https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/arch_sci/42
  • [26] URL-2. https://trabzon.ktb.gov.tr/TR-126647/cografi-yapi-ve-iklimsel-ozellikler.html. Last Access: 29.08.2021.
  • [27] URL-3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea#/media/File:Black_Sea_map.png. Last Access: 20.08.2021.
  • [28] URL- 4. https://tr.climate-data.org/asya/tuerkiye/trabzon/trabzon-4750. Last Access: 29.08.2021.
  • [29] URL- 5. https://merlab.metu.edu.tr/en/thermal-conductivity-analyzer-tic. Last Access: 03.02.2023.
  • [30] ASTM C518: Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
  • [31] ISO 8301 Thermal insulation - Determination of steady - State thermal resistance and related properties - Heat flow meter apparatus, Switzerland.
  • [32] URL-6. TSE 825 Türk Standardı. (2008, 9 Ekim). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 27019). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/10/20081009-2.htm . Last Access: 25.08.2020
  • [33] Rönnelid, M., Wik, T., Janols, H., Brännström, M., Helling, H. & Lövenvik, T., Passive cross-laminated timber buildings: Final report Cerbof-project, no; 76. (2013).
  • [34] Khavari, A. M., Pei, S. & Tabares-Velasco, P. C., “Energy consumption analysis of multistory cross-laminated timber residential buildings: a comparative study”, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 22(2), (2016).

THE EFFECT OF CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) MATERIAL ON BUILDING HEATING-COOLING LOADS IN A TEMPERATE HUMID CLIMATE ZONE

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 47 - 60, 29.03.2023

Abstract

Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) is a structural wood material that is renewable, nature-friendly, and with a great number of advantages. The aim of the study is to examine the energy performance of a building that has been constructed by means of CLT materials and compare it to that of another one with traditional construction materials. In the study, the energy loads of a model building, the exterior walls of which had been made from CLT, and different thermal insulation materials were analyzed through the DesignBuilder simulation program. Also, the thermal conductivity coefficients of 22 different CLT walls made from various exterior coating materials and insulation materials were experimentally measured. According to the results of the experimental measurements, the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient was obtained for CLT walls with EPS thermal insulation. While a decrease by 8-16% was observed in the CLT model building in comparison to the reference building in terms of annual total heating loads, an increase by 13-23% was observed in the CLT model building in terms of annual total cooling loads.

References

  • [1] Slavin, A., Grigoryan, S., Popandopulo, E. & Balaeva, A., “Multi-storey wooden house building”, In E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 110. (2019).
  • [2] Falk, R. H., Wood as a sustainable building material. Wood handbook: wood as an engineering material: chapter 1. Centennial ed. General technical report FPL; GTR-190. Madison, WI: US Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1.1-1.6., 190. (2010).
  • [3] Seçkin, P. N., Ekolojik Değerlere Göre Ahşap Kompozit Malzemenin Seçim Kriterleri, Master's Thesis, Mimar Sinan University, Institute of Science, İstanbul, (2006).
  • [4] Laguarda Mallo, M. Critical Factors In The Willingness to Adopt Innovative Wood-Based Building Materials İn the Construction Industry: The Case of CLT. The University of Minnesota Ph.D. Dissertation. (2017).
  • [5] Asdrubali, F., Ferracuti, B., Lombardi, L., Guattari, C., Evangelisti, L. & Grazieschi, G. “A Review of Structural, Thermo-Physical, Acoustical and Environmental Properties of Wooden Materials for Building Applications”, Building and Environment, 114, 307–332, (2017).
  • [6] ANSI/APA. Standard for Performance-Rated Cross-Laminated Timber, ANSI/APA PRG 320. (2012).
  • [7] Grasser, K. K., Development of Cross Laminated Timber in the United States of America, Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, (2015).
  • [8] Mestek, P., Werther, N. & Winter, S., Building with Cross Laminated Timber-Load-bearing solid wood components for walls, ceilings and roofs. Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau eV, Wuppertal, 67-70, (2010).
  • [9] Horx-Strathern, O., Varga, C. & Guntschnig, G., The future of Timber Construction. CLT–Cross Laminated Timber. Zukunftsinstitut GmbH, StoraEnso, 1-59, (2017).
  • [10] Stora Enso (2017). CLT Technical brochure. Retrieved November 29, 2020 from https://www.storaenso.com/-/media/documents/download-center/documents/product-brochures/wood-products/clt-by-stora-enso-technical-brochure-en.pdf
  • [11] Vatanen, M., Ahoranta, T., Sirkka, A. & Pirttinen, V., CLT–versatile, fast and ecological construction material, Sirkka A., Pirttinen V. (Ed.) Lapland Uas Publıcatıons Series B. Research Reports and Compilations, (2017).
  • [12] Glass, S. V., Wang, J., Easley, S., & Finch, G. Enclosure--Building enclosure design for cross-laminated timber construction. In: CLT handbook: cross-laminated timber (Ed.). Karacabeyli, E., Brad Douglas.--US ed. (Special publication), ISSN 1925-0495; SP-529E); 2013; 55 p., 10, 1-55. (2013). [13] Gagnon, S., Bilek, E. T., Podesto, L. & Crespell, P. CLT Introduction to cross-laminated timber. In: CLT handbook: cross-laminated timber,(Ed.). Karacabeyli, E., Brad Douglas,--US ed. 2013; 1-45, 1-57, (2013).
  • [14] URL-1. https://www.strongtie.co.uk/en-UK/solutions/cross-laminated-timber Last Access: 10.05.2022.
  • [15] Artun, H. The Effect of Cross-Laminated Timber (Clt) Material on Building Energy Performance: A Case Study of Trabzon City, Master's Thesis, Avrasya University, Institute of Science, Trabzon, (2021).
  • [16] Santi, S., Pierobon, F., Corradini, G., Cavalli, R. ve Zanetti, M., “Massive wood material for sustainable building design: the Massiv–Holz–Mauer wall system”, Journal of Wood Science, 62(5), 416-428, (2016).
  • [17] Stora Enso (2021). Retrieved from https://www.storaenso.com/-/media/documents/download-center/documents/product-specifications/wood-products/clt-technical/clt-by-stora-enso-technical-documentation---building-physics--2021-9-en.pdf
  • [18] Evans, L., “Cross Laminated Timber: Taking Wood Buildings to the Next Level”, Architectural Records, (2013).
  • [19] Dong, Y., Cui, X., Yin, X., Chen, Y. & Guo, H., “Assessment of Energy Saving Potential by Replacing Conventional Materials by Cross Laminated Timber (CLT)-A Case Study of Office Buildings in China”, Applied Sciences, 9(5), 858, (2019).
  • [20a] Cho, H. M., Wi, S., Chang, S. J. & Kim, S., “Hygrothermal Properties Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Wall With Internal and External Insulation Systems”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol:231, 1353-1363, (2019).
  • [20b] Cho, H. M., Park, J. H., Wi, S., Chang, S. J., Yun, G. Y. & Kim, S., “Energy Retrofit Analysis of Cross-Laminated Timber Residential Buildings İn Seoul, Korea: Insights From A Case Study of Packages”, Energy and Buildings, Vol:202, 109329, (2019).
  • [21] Chang, S. J., Wi, S. & Kim, S., “Thermal Bridging Analysis of Connections in Cross Laminated Timber Buildings Based on ISO 10211”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol: 213, 709-722, (2019).
  • [22] Guo, H., Zhou, S., Qin, T., Huang, L., Song, W. & Yin, X., “Energy Sustainability of Bio-Based Building Materials in the Cold and Severe Cold Regions of China—A Case Study of Residential Buildings”, Applied Sciences, 10(5), 1582, (2020).
  • [23] Dodoo, A., Gustavsson, L. & Sathre, R., “Lifecycle Primary Energy Analysis of Low-Energy Timber Building Systems for Multi-Storey Residential Buildings”, Energy and Buildings, Vol:81, 84-97, (2014).
  • [24] Guo, H., Liu, Y., Chang, W. S., Shao, Y. & Sun, C., “Energy saving and carbon reduction in the operation stage of cross-laminated timber residential buildings in China”, Sustainability, 9(2), 292, (2017).
  • [25] Lakot Alemdağ, E., Tandoğan, G. & Artun, H., “Energy Efficiency In Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) Buildings, Dal, M. (Ed.)”, Architectural Sciences and Technology, Livre de Lyon, France, (247-267), (2021). Retrieved from https://academicworks.livredelyon.com/arch_sci/42
  • [26] URL-2. https://trabzon.ktb.gov.tr/TR-126647/cografi-yapi-ve-iklimsel-ozellikler.html. Last Access: 29.08.2021.
  • [27] URL-3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea#/media/File:Black_Sea_map.png. Last Access: 20.08.2021.
  • [28] URL- 4. https://tr.climate-data.org/asya/tuerkiye/trabzon/trabzon-4750. Last Access: 29.08.2021.
  • [29] URL- 5. https://merlab.metu.edu.tr/en/thermal-conductivity-analyzer-tic. Last Access: 03.02.2023.
  • [30] ASTM C518: Standard Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter Apparatus. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia.
  • [31] ISO 8301 Thermal insulation - Determination of steady - State thermal resistance and related properties - Heat flow meter apparatus, Switzerland.
  • [32] URL-6. TSE 825 Türk Standardı. (2008, 9 Ekim). Resmi Gazete (Sayı: 27019). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/10/20081009-2.htm . Last Access: 25.08.2020
  • [33] Rönnelid, M., Wik, T., Janols, H., Brännström, M., Helling, H. & Lövenvik, T., Passive cross-laminated timber buildings: Final report Cerbof-project, no; 76. (2013).
  • [34] Khavari, A. M., Pei, S. & Tabares-Velasco, P. C., “Energy consumption analysis of multistory cross-laminated timber residential buildings: a comparative study”, Journal of Architectural Engineering, 22(2), (2016).
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Architecture
Authors

Hazal Artun 0000-0002-2716-8511

Esra Lakot Alemdağ 0000-0003-0959-2068

Publication Date March 29, 2023
Submission Date January 5, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Artun, H., & Lakot Alemdağ, E. (2023). THE EFFECT OF CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBER (CLT) MATERIAL ON BUILDING HEATING-COOLING LOADS IN A TEMPERATE HUMID CLIMATE ZONE. Gazi University Journal of Science Part B: Art Humanities Design and Planning, 11(1), 47-60.