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Simultaneous Effect of Welding Current with PostWeld T6 Heat Treatment on Corrosion Susceptibility of Al6013 Alloy Joined by GTAW

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 269 - 277, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000316

Abstract

Al6013 base metals were joined successfully with ER4047 weld metal by using the GTAW method under different welding currents. Post-weld T6 heat treatment effects on corrosion properties were investigated in terms of open circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization (PDS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. It was determined that corrosion resistance of the post-weld samples increased with increasing welding current, while T6 heat-treatment only effective on 110A and 140A welding current samples (3.61 to 2.08, 2.95 to 2.40, and 1.38 to 2.15 µA·cm-2 for 110, 140, and 170A welding current before and after T6 heat-treatment). The characteristics of the oxide films on the surfaces are revealed with EIS analysis by a two-constant equivalent circuit model which observed that while the passive film originating from Al is formed on the surfaces, on the other hand, it contains a pittings on the surface. It was determined that the pitting resistance of the T6 heat-treated 110A samples increased (3075 to 4562 Ω). Post-corrosion SEM surface morphologies showed that low welding currents lead to more damage with increased exposure to corrosion.

Thanks

The author would like to thank Professor Burak Dikici for helpful contribution on electrochemical corrosion tests.

References

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  • 2. Mercan E, Ayan Y, Kahraman N. Investigation on joint properties of AA5754 and AA6013 dissimilar aluminum alloys welded using automatic GMAW, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 23 (4) 2020 723–731.
  • 3. Kosedag E, Ekici R. Low-velocity impact performance of B4C particle-reinforced Al 6061 metal matrix composites, Materials Research Express, 6 (12) 2019 126556.
  • 4. Pantelakis SG, Daglaras PG, Apostolopoulos CA. Tensile and energy density properties of 2024, 6013, 8090 and 2091 aircraft aluminum alloy after corrosion exposure, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 33 (2) 2000 117–134.
  • 5. Salah AN, Mabuwa S, Mehdi H, Msomi V, Kaddami M, et al., Effect of Multipass FSP on Si-rich TIG Welded Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA8011-H14 and AA5083-H321: EBSD and Microstructural Evolutions, Silicon, 14 (15) 2022 9925–9941.
  • 6. Ayvaz M. Determination of the effect of artificial aging parameters on dry sliding wear resistance of 6013 aluminum alloy (Al-Mg-Si- Cu), International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 5 (2) 2021 181–187.
  • 7. Petroyiannis P V., Kermanidis AT, Papanikos P, Pantelakis SG. Corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement of 2024 and 6013 aluminum alloys, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 41 (1–3) 2004 173–183.
  • 8. Barbosa C, Dille J, Delplancke J-L, Rebello JMA, Acselrad O. A microstructural study of flash welded and aged 6061 and 6013 aluminum alloys, Materials Characterization, 57 (3) 2006 187–192.
  • 9. Braun R, Investigation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys, Materials Science Forum, 519– 521 2006 735–740.
  • 10. Haryadi GD, Kim SJ. Influences of post weld heat treatment on fatigue crack growth behavior of TIG welding of 6013 T4 aluminum alloy joint (Part 1. Fatigue crack growth across the weld metal), Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 25 (9) 2011 2161– 2170.
  • 11. Made Wicaksana Ekaputra I, Dwi Haryadi G, Mardikus S, Dewa RT. Probabilistic evaluation of fatigue crack growth rate for longitudinal tungsten inert gas welded al 6013-T4 under various postweld heat treatment conditions, E3S Web of Conferences, 130 2019.
  • 12. He L, Zhang H,, Cui J. Effects of thermomechanical treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructures of 6013 alloy, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 24 (2) 2009 198–201.
  • 13. Lei G, Wang B, Lu J, Wang C, Li Y, et al. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of continuous heating aging 6013 aluminum alloy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 18 2022 370–383.
  • 14. Varshney D, Kumar K. Application and use of different aluminium alloys with respect to workability, strength and welding parameter optimization, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12 (1) 2021 1143– 1152.
  • 15. Li H, Zou J, Yao J, Peng H. The effect of TIG welding techniques on microstructure, properties and porosity of the welded joint of 2219 aluminum alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 727 2017 531–539.
  • 16. Zhao Z, Liang H, Zhao Y, Yan K. Effect of Exchanging Advancing and Retreating Side Materials on Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar 6013-T4 and 7003 Aluminum Alloys FSW Joints, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 27 (4) 2018 1777–1783.
  • 17. Çetinkaya C, Tekeli S, Kurtuluş O. Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Kaynaklanabilirliği ve Kaynak Parametrelerinin Mekanik Özelliklere ve Mikroyapıya Etkisi, Politek Dergisi, 5 (4) 2002 321– 335.
  • 18. Abo Zeid EF. Mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of solutionized AA 6061, AA6013 and AA 5086 aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (2) 2019 1870–1877.
  • 19. Kosedag E, Ekici R. Low-velocity and ballistic impact resistances of particle reinforced metal–matrix composites: An experimental study, Journal of Composite Materials, 56 (7) 2022 991–1002.
  • 20. Yürük A, Çevik B, Kahraman N. Analysis of mechanical and microstructural properties of gas metal arc welded dissimilar aluminum alloys (AA5754/AA6013), Materials Chemistry and Physics, 273 (March) 2021 125117.
  • 21. Jeyaprakash N, Haile A, Arunprasath M. The Parameters and Equipments Used in TIG Welding: A Review, International Journal of Engineering Science, 2015 2319–1813.
  • 22. Braun R. Investigations on the long-term stability of 6013-T6 sheet, Materials Charactarization, 56 (2) 2006 85–95.
  • 23. ASTM International, ASTM G59 - Standard test method for conducting potentiodynamic polarization resistance measurements, Volume 97, (West Conshohocken, PA, USA), 2014.
  • 24. Mansfeld F. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a new tool for investigating methods of corrosion protection, Electrochima Acta, 35 (10) 1990 1533–1544.
  • 25. Carvill J. Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook, 1st ed., (Butterworth-Heineman), 1993.
  • 26. Kartsonakis IA, Balaskas AC, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA, Kordas G. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy ZK10 coated with hybrid organic–inorganic film including containers, Corrosion Science, 65 2012 481–493.
  • 27. Çomaklı O. Improved structural, mechanical, corrosion and tribocorrosion properties of Ti45Nb alloys by TiN, TiAlN monolayers, and TiAlN/TiN multilayer ceramic films, Ceramics International, 47 (3) 2021 4149–4156.
  • 28. Tozkoparan B, Dikici B, Topuz M, Bedir F, Gavgali M. Al-5Cu/ B4Cp composites: The combined effect of artificially aging (T6) and particle volume fractions on the corrosion behaviour, Advanced Powder Technology, 31 (7) 2020 2833–2842.
  • 29. Singh IB, Mandal DP, Singh M, Das S. Influence of SiC particles addition on the corrosion behavior of 2014 Al-Cu alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, Corrosion Science, 51 (2) 2009 234–241.
  • 30. Sicupira DC, Cardoso Junior R, Bracarense AQ, Frankel GS, de V. Electrochemical study of passive films formed on welded lean duplex stainless steel, Materials and Corrosion, 68 (6) 2017 604–612.
  • 31. Dikici B, Topuz M. Production of Annealed Cold-Sprayed 316L Stainless Steel Coatings for Biomedical Applications and Their in-vitro Corrosion Response, Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 54 (2) 2018 333–339.
  • 32. Cabot PL, Garrido JA, Pe´rez E, Moreira AH, Sumodjo PTA, et al. Eis study of heat-treated Al-Zn-Mg alloys in the passive and transpassive potential regions, Electrochimica Acta, 40 (4) 1995 447–454.
Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 269 - 277, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.17350/HJSE19030000316

Abstract

References

  • 1. Demirbaş K, Çevik S. TİG Kaynak Yöntemiyle Birleştirilmiş Alüminyum 1050 Alaşımının Mekanik Ve Mikroyapı Özellikleri, Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science, 2020 471–477.
  • 2. Mercan E, Ayan Y, Kahraman N. Investigation on joint properties of AA5754 and AA6013 dissimilar aluminum alloys welded using automatic GMAW, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 23 (4) 2020 723–731.
  • 3. Kosedag E, Ekici R. Low-velocity impact performance of B4C particle-reinforced Al 6061 metal matrix composites, Materials Research Express, 6 (12) 2019 126556.
  • 4. Pantelakis SG, Daglaras PG, Apostolopoulos CA. Tensile and energy density properties of 2024, 6013, 8090 and 2091 aircraft aluminum alloy after corrosion exposure, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 33 (2) 2000 117–134.
  • 5. Salah AN, Mabuwa S, Mehdi H, Msomi V, Kaddami M, et al., Effect of Multipass FSP on Si-rich TIG Welded Joint of Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys AA8011-H14 and AA5083-H321: EBSD and Microstructural Evolutions, Silicon, 14 (15) 2022 9925–9941.
  • 6. Ayvaz M. Determination of the effect of artificial aging parameters on dry sliding wear resistance of 6013 aluminum alloy (Al-Mg-Si- Cu), International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, 5 (2) 2021 181–187.
  • 7. Petroyiannis P V., Kermanidis AT, Papanikos P, Pantelakis SG. Corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement of 2024 and 6013 aluminum alloys, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 41 (1–3) 2004 173–183.
  • 8. Barbosa C, Dille J, Delplancke J-L, Rebello JMA, Acselrad O. A microstructural study of flash welded and aged 6061 and 6013 aluminum alloys, Materials Characterization, 57 (3) 2006 187–192.
  • 9. Braun R, Investigation on Microstructure and Corrosion Behaviour of 6XXX Series Aluminium Alloys, Materials Science Forum, 519– 521 2006 735–740.
  • 10. Haryadi GD, Kim SJ. Influences of post weld heat treatment on fatigue crack growth behavior of TIG welding of 6013 T4 aluminum alloy joint (Part 1. Fatigue crack growth across the weld metal), Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 25 (9) 2011 2161– 2170.
  • 11. Made Wicaksana Ekaputra I, Dwi Haryadi G, Mardikus S, Dewa RT. Probabilistic evaluation of fatigue crack growth rate for longitudinal tungsten inert gas welded al 6013-T4 under various postweld heat treatment conditions, E3S Web of Conferences, 130 2019.
  • 12. He L, Zhang H,, Cui J. Effects of thermomechanical treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructures of 6013 alloy, Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 24 (2) 2009 198–201.
  • 13. Lei G, Wang B, Lu J, Wang C, Li Y, et al. Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of continuous heating aging 6013 aluminum alloy, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 18 2022 370–383.
  • 14. Varshney D, Kumar K. Application and use of different aluminium alloys with respect to workability, strength and welding parameter optimization, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12 (1) 2021 1143– 1152.
  • 15. Li H, Zou J, Yao J, Peng H. The effect of TIG welding techniques on microstructure, properties and porosity of the welded joint of 2219 aluminum alloy, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 727 2017 531–539.
  • 16. Zhao Z, Liang H, Zhao Y, Yan K. Effect of Exchanging Advancing and Retreating Side Materials on Mechanical Properties and Electrochemical Corrosion Resistance of Dissimilar 6013-T4 and 7003 Aluminum Alloys FSW Joints, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 27 (4) 2018 1777–1783.
  • 17. Çetinkaya C, Tekeli S, Kurtuluş O. Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Kaynaklanabilirliği ve Kaynak Parametrelerinin Mekanik Özelliklere ve Mikroyapıya Etkisi, Politek Dergisi, 5 (4) 2002 321– 335.
  • 18. Abo Zeid EF. Mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of solutionized AA 6061, AA6013 and AA 5086 aluminum alloys, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8 (2) 2019 1870–1877.
  • 19. Kosedag E, Ekici R. Low-velocity and ballistic impact resistances of particle reinforced metal–matrix composites: An experimental study, Journal of Composite Materials, 56 (7) 2022 991–1002.
  • 20. Yürük A, Çevik B, Kahraman N. Analysis of mechanical and microstructural properties of gas metal arc welded dissimilar aluminum alloys (AA5754/AA6013), Materials Chemistry and Physics, 273 (March) 2021 125117.
  • 21. Jeyaprakash N, Haile A, Arunprasath M. The Parameters and Equipments Used in TIG Welding: A Review, International Journal of Engineering Science, 2015 2319–1813.
  • 22. Braun R. Investigations on the long-term stability of 6013-T6 sheet, Materials Charactarization, 56 (2) 2006 85–95.
  • 23. ASTM International, ASTM G59 - Standard test method for conducting potentiodynamic polarization resistance measurements, Volume 97, (West Conshohocken, PA, USA), 2014.
  • 24. Mansfeld F. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a new tool for investigating methods of corrosion protection, Electrochima Acta, 35 (10) 1990 1533–1544.
  • 25. Carvill J. Mechanical Engineer’s Data Handbook, 1st ed., (Butterworth-Heineman), 1993.
  • 26. Kartsonakis IA, Balaskas AC, Koumoulos EP, Charitidis CA, Kordas G. Evaluation of corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy ZK10 coated with hybrid organic–inorganic film including containers, Corrosion Science, 65 2012 481–493.
  • 27. Çomaklı O. Improved structural, mechanical, corrosion and tribocorrosion properties of Ti45Nb alloys by TiN, TiAlN monolayers, and TiAlN/TiN multilayer ceramic films, Ceramics International, 47 (3) 2021 4149–4156.
  • 28. Tozkoparan B, Dikici B, Topuz M, Bedir F, Gavgali M. Al-5Cu/ B4Cp composites: The combined effect of artificially aging (T6) and particle volume fractions on the corrosion behaviour, Advanced Powder Technology, 31 (7) 2020 2833–2842.
  • 29. Singh IB, Mandal DP, Singh M, Das S. Influence of SiC particles addition on the corrosion behavior of 2014 Al-Cu alloy in 3.5% NaCl solution, Corrosion Science, 51 (2) 2009 234–241.
  • 30. Sicupira DC, Cardoso Junior R, Bracarense AQ, Frankel GS, de V. Electrochemical study of passive films formed on welded lean duplex stainless steel, Materials and Corrosion, 68 (6) 2017 604–612.
  • 31. Dikici B, Topuz M. Production of Annealed Cold-Sprayed 316L Stainless Steel Coatings for Biomedical Applications and Their in-vitro Corrosion Response, Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 54 (2) 2018 333–339.
  • 32. Cabot PL, Garrido JA, Pe´rez E, Moreira AH, Sumodjo PTA, et al. Eis study of heat-treated Al-Zn-Mg alloys in the passive and transpassive potential regions, Electrochimica Acta, 40 (4) 1995 447–454.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Resource Technologies, Mechanical Engineering (Other), Corrosion
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mehmet Topuz 0000-0003-3692-796X

Publication Date September 30, 2023
Submission Date June 12, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Topuz M. Simultaneous Effect of Welding Current with PostWeld T6 Heat Treatment on Corrosion Susceptibility of Al6013 Alloy Joined by GTAW. Hittite J Sci Eng. 2023;10(3):269-77.

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