Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 389 - 395, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1403090

Abstract

This research set out to evaluate physical activity and sedentary time between outdoor education and conventional education settings. The research methodology employed a mixed method technique. The research methodology employed a mixed method technique. The research sample consisted of twenty-one students in fourth and fifth grades at an elementary school in Sudamanik 01, Cimarga District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province, Indonesia. The demographics of the participants in grades four and five were similar in terms of height (144.31 ± 2.01) centimeters and body weight (37.02 ± 1.26) kilograms. The level of physical activity and sedentary time were assessed through the utilization of an accelerometer. For twenty-one students, physical activity and sedentary time were compared in participating school during six days of outdoor education and five days of conventional education. The group in outdoor education exhibited a higher level of physical activity compared to conventional education, as evidenced by the results of statistical tests with a p - value < 0.001; conversely, outdoor education results in less sedentary time than traditional education (p < 0.001). The primary conclussions of research revealed that switching from conventional education to outdoor education environment reduced the sedentary time and increased light to moderate the level of physical activity during school hours. There are differences in leisure time physical activity on days at school with or without outdoor education. Henceforth, it can be concluded that outdoor education successfully prompted students to engage in physical activity.

Thanks

We would like to thank all parties, especially the Postgraduate Program at Universitas Negeri Jakarta, who have carried out much of this research

References

  • Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Barnett, L. M. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1663–1688. [CrossRef]
  • Blaes, A., Ridgers, N. D., Aucouturier, J., Praagh, E. Van, Berthoin, S., & Baquet, G. (2013). Effects of a playground marking intervention on school recess physical activity in. Preventive Medicine, 57(5), 580–584. [CrossRef]
  • Braniff, B. C. (2011). Perceptions of an Active Classroom : Exploration of Movement and Collaboration With Fourth Grade Students. Journal for Teacher Research, 13(1), 1–6.
  • Cox, E. P., O’Dwyer, N., Cook, R., Vetter, M., Cheng, H. L., Rooney, K., & O’Connor, H. (2015). Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(8), 616–628. [CrossRef]
  • Dettweiler, U., Gerchen, M., Mall, C., Simon, P., & Kirsch, P. (2023). Choice matters: Pupils’ stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 Suppl 1, 152–173. [CrossRef]
  • Dettweiler, U., Ünlü, A., Lauterbach, G., Becker, C., & Gschrey, B. (2015). Investigating the motivational behavior of pupils during outdoor science teaching within self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(125), 1–16. [CrossRef]
  • Fiskum, T. A., & Jacobsen, K. (2012). Individual Differences and Possible Effects from Outdoor Education:Long Time and Short Time Benefits. World Journal of Education, 2(4), 20–33. [CrossRef]
  • Haapala, H. L., Hirvensalo, M. H., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., Kankaanp, A., Laine, K., Laakso, L., & Tammelin, T. H. (2016). Changes in physical activity and sedentary time in the Finnish Schools on the Move program : a quasi-experimental study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(11), 1442–1453. [CrossRef]
  • Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., Dunstan, D. W., Winkler, E. A. H., & Owen, N. (2011). Sedentary time and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in US adults: NHANES 2003-06. European Heart Journal, 32(5), 590–597. [CrossRef]
  • Hegarty, L. M., Mair, J. L., Kirby, K., Murtagh, E., & Murphy, M. H. (2016). School-based Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Children : A Systematic Review. AIMS Public Health, 3(3), 520–541. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, Y., Welk, G. J., Braun, S. I., & Kang, M. (2015). Extracting objective estimates of sedentary behavior from accelerometer data: Measurement considerations for surveillance and research applications. PLoS ONE, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118078
  • Kiviranta, L., Lindfors, E., Rönkkö, M. L., & Luukka, E. (2023). Outdoor learning in early childhood education: exploring benefits and challenges. Educational Research, 00(00), 1–18. [CrossRef]
  • Maynard, T., Waters, J., & Clement, J. (2013). Moving outdoors: Further explorations of “child-initiated” learning in the outdoor environment. Education 3-13, 41(3), 282–299. [CrossRef]
  • Merlo, C. L., Jones, S. E., Michael, S. L., Chen, T. J., Sliwa, S. A., Lee, S. H., Brener, N. D., Lee, S. M., & Park, S. (2020). Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey , United States , 2019. MMWR Supplements, 69(1), 64–76. [CrossRef]
  • Møller, N. C., Tarp, J., Kamelarczyk, E. F., Brønd, J. C., Klakk, H., & Wedderkopp, N. (2014). Do extra compulsory physical education lessons mean more physically active children - findings from the childhood health, activity, and motor performance school study Denmark (The CHAMPS-study DK). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 1–13. [CrossRef]
  • Morgan, D. L. (2007). Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 48–76. [CrossRef]
  • Mygind, E. (2007). A comparison between children’s physical activity levels at school and learning in an outdoor environment. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 7(2), 161–176. [CrossRef] Orlowski, M., Lorson, K., Lyon, A., & Minoughan, S. (2013). My Classroom Physical Activity Pyramid: A Tool for Integrating Movement into the Classroom. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 84(9), 47–51. [CrossRef]
  • Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., & Dunstan, D. W. (2010). Too Much Sitting: The Population-Health Science of Sedentary Behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105–113. [CrossRef]
  • Pardos-mainer, E., Lozano, D., Torrontegui-duarte, M., Cart, A., & Roso-moliner, A. (2021). Effects of Strength vs . Plyometric Training Programs on Vertical Jumping , Linear Sprint and Change of Direction Speed Performance in Female Soccer Players : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 401. [CrossRef]
  • Parrish, A., Tremblay, M. S., Carson, S., Veldman, S. L. C., Cliff, D., Vella, S., Chong, K. H., Nacher, M., Cruz, P., Ellis, Y., Aubert, S., Spaven, B., Sameeha, M. J., Zhang, Z., & Okely, A. D. (2020). Comparing and assessing physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents : a systematic literature review and analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 16. [CrossRef]
  • Patton, G. C., Olsson, C. A., Skirbekk, V., Saffery, R., Wlodek, M. E., Azzopardi, P. S., Stonawski, M., Rasmussen, B., Spry, E., Francis, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Murray, C. J. L., Prentice, A. M., Reavley, N., Sheehan, P., Sweeny, K., Viner, R. M., & Sawyer, S. M. (2018). Adolescence and the next generation. Nature, 554(7693), 458–466. [CrossRef]
  • Romar, J. E., Sarén, J., & Hastie, P. (2016). Athlete-centred coaching using the sport education model in youth soccer. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), 380–391. [CrossRef]
  • Singerland, M., Oomen, J., & Borghouts, L. (2011). Physical activity levels during Dutch primary and secondary school physical education. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(4), 249!257. [CrossRef]
  • Tammelin, T., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., & Kallio, J. (2015). School makes you move and sit still. Finish Schools on the Move researche results from 2010 to 2015. Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences and Finnish Schools on the Move.
  • Waite, S., Bølling, M., & Bentsen, P. (2016). Comparing apples and pears?: a conceptual framework for understanding forms of outdoor learning through comparison of English Forest Schools and Danish udeskole. Environmental Education Research, 22(6), 868–892. [CrossRef]
  • WHO. (2020). WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. In World Health Organization. Yang, X., & Kankaanpa, A. (2017). Tracking of Television Viewing Time during Adulthood: The Young Finns Study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(1), 71–77. [CrossRef]
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 389 - 395, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1403090

Abstract

References

  • Barnett, L. M., Lai, S. K., Veldman, S. L. C., Hardy, L. L., Cliff, D. P., Morgan, P. J., Zask, A., Lubans, D. R., Shultz, S. P., Ridgers, N. D., Rush, E., Brown, H. L., & Barnett, L. M. (2016). Correlates of Gross Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1663–1688. [CrossRef]
  • Blaes, A., Ridgers, N. D., Aucouturier, J., Praagh, E. Van, Berthoin, S., & Baquet, G. (2013). Effects of a playground marking intervention on school recess physical activity in. Preventive Medicine, 57(5), 580–584. [CrossRef]
  • Braniff, B. C. (2011). Perceptions of an Active Classroom : Exploration of Movement and Collaboration With Fourth Grade Students. Journal for Teacher Research, 13(1), 1–6.
  • Cox, E. P., O’Dwyer, N., Cook, R., Vetter, M., Cheng, H. L., Rooney, K., & O’Connor, H. (2015). Relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in apparently healthy young to middle-aged adults: A systematic review. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(8), 616–628. [CrossRef]
  • Dettweiler, U., Gerchen, M., Mall, C., Simon, P., & Kirsch, P. (2023). Choice matters: Pupils’ stress regulation, brain development and brain function in an outdoor education project. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 93 Suppl 1, 152–173. [CrossRef]
  • Dettweiler, U., Ünlü, A., Lauterbach, G., Becker, C., & Gschrey, B. (2015). Investigating the motivational behavior of pupils during outdoor science teaching within self-determination theory. Frontiers in Psychology, 6(125), 1–16. [CrossRef]
  • Fiskum, T. A., & Jacobsen, K. (2012). Individual Differences and Possible Effects from Outdoor Education:Long Time and Short Time Benefits. World Journal of Education, 2(4), 20–33. [CrossRef]
  • Haapala, H. L., Hirvensalo, M. H., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., Kankaanp, A., Laine, K., Laakso, L., & Tammelin, T. H. (2016). Changes in physical activity and sedentary time in the Finnish Schools on the Move program : a quasi-experimental study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 27(11), 1442–1453. [CrossRef]
  • Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., Dunstan, D. W., Winkler, E. A. H., & Owen, N. (2011). Sedentary time and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in US adults: NHANES 2003-06. European Heart Journal, 32(5), 590–597. [CrossRef]
  • Hegarty, L. M., Mair, J. L., Kirby, K., Murtagh, E., & Murphy, M. H. (2016). School-based Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Children : A Systematic Review. AIMS Public Health, 3(3), 520–541. [CrossRef]
  • Kim, Y., Welk, G. J., Braun, S. I., & Kang, M. (2015). Extracting objective estimates of sedentary behavior from accelerometer data: Measurement considerations for surveillance and research applications. PLoS ONE, 10(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118078
  • Kiviranta, L., Lindfors, E., Rönkkö, M. L., & Luukka, E. (2023). Outdoor learning in early childhood education: exploring benefits and challenges. Educational Research, 00(00), 1–18. [CrossRef]
  • Maynard, T., Waters, J., & Clement, J. (2013). Moving outdoors: Further explorations of “child-initiated” learning in the outdoor environment. Education 3-13, 41(3), 282–299. [CrossRef]
  • Merlo, C. L., Jones, S. E., Michael, S. L., Chen, T. J., Sliwa, S. A., Lee, S. H., Brener, N. D., Lee, S. M., & Park, S. (2020). Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors Among High School Students — Youth Risk Behavior Survey , United States , 2019. MMWR Supplements, 69(1), 64–76. [CrossRef]
  • Møller, N. C., Tarp, J., Kamelarczyk, E. F., Brønd, J. C., Klakk, H., & Wedderkopp, N. (2014). Do extra compulsory physical education lessons mean more physically active children - findings from the childhood health, activity, and motor performance school study Denmark (The CHAMPS-study DK). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 11(1), 1–13. [CrossRef]
  • Morgan, D. L. (2007). Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 48–76. [CrossRef]
  • Mygind, E. (2007). A comparison between children’s physical activity levels at school and learning in an outdoor environment. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning, 7(2), 161–176. [CrossRef] Orlowski, M., Lorson, K., Lyon, A., & Minoughan, S. (2013). My Classroom Physical Activity Pyramid: A Tool for Integrating Movement into the Classroom. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 84(9), 47–51. [CrossRef]
  • Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., & Dunstan, D. W. (2010). Too Much Sitting: The Population-Health Science of Sedentary Behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105–113. [CrossRef]
  • Pardos-mainer, E., Lozano, D., Torrontegui-duarte, M., Cart, A., & Roso-moliner, A. (2021). Effects of Strength vs . Plyometric Training Programs on Vertical Jumping , Linear Sprint and Change of Direction Speed Performance in Female Soccer Players : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), 401. [CrossRef]
  • Parrish, A., Tremblay, M. S., Carson, S., Veldman, S. L. C., Cliff, D., Vella, S., Chong, K. H., Nacher, M., Cruz, P., Ellis, Y., Aubert, S., Spaven, B., Sameeha, M. J., Zhang, Z., & Okely, A. D. (2020). Comparing and assessing physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents : a systematic literature review and analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), 16. [CrossRef]
  • Patton, G. C., Olsson, C. A., Skirbekk, V., Saffery, R., Wlodek, M. E., Azzopardi, P. S., Stonawski, M., Rasmussen, B., Spry, E., Francis, K., Bhutta, Z. A., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Murray, C. J. L., Prentice, A. M., Reavley, N., Sheehan, P., Sweeny, K., Viner, R. M., & Sawyer, S. M. (2018). Adolescence and the next generation. Nature, 554(7693), 458–466. [CrossRef]
  • Romar, J. E., Sarén, J., & Hastie, P. (2016). Athlete-centred coaching using the sport education model in youth soccer. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 16(2), 380–391. [CrossRef]
  • Singerland, M., Oomen, J., & Borghouts, L. (2011). Physical activity levels during Dutch primary and secondary school physical education. European Journal of Sport Science, 11(4), 249!257. [CrossRef]
  • Tammelin, T., Kulmala, J., Hakonen, H., & Kallio, J. (2015). School makes you move and sit still. Finish Schools on the Move researche results from 2010 to 2015. Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences and Finnish Schools on the Move.
  • Waite, S., Bølling, M., & Bentsen, P. (2016). Comparing apples and pears?: a conceptual framework for understanding forms of outdoor learning through comparison of English Forest Schools and Danish udeskole. Environmental Education Research, 22(6), 868–892. [CrossRef]
  • WHO. (2020). WHO Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. In World Health Organization. Yang, X., & Kankaanpa, A. (2017). Tracking of Television Viewing Time during Adulthood: The Young Finns Study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 49(1), 71–77. [CrossRef]
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Activity and Health
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Hernawan Hernawan 0000-0002-4257-5713

Dena Widyawan 0000-0003-1887-645X

Mukhtar Mukhtar 0000-0001-6810-3469

Hartman Nugraha 0000-0002-3146-9763

Aridhotul Haqiyah 0000-0002-3368-9495

Early Pub Date March 18, 2024
Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date December 12, 2023
Acceptance Date March 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hernawan, H., Widyawan, D., Mukhtar, M., Nugraha, H., et al. (2024). Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(2), 389-395. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1403090
AMA Hernawan H, Widyawan D, Mukhtar M, Nugraha H, Haqiyah A. Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. March 2024;7(2):389-395. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1403090
Chicago Hernawan, Hernawan, Dena Widyawan, Mukhtar Mukhtar, Hartman Nugraha, and Aridhotul Haqiyah. “Physical Activities and Sedentary Time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (March 2024): 389-95. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1403090.
EndNote Hernawan H, Widyawan D, Mukhtar M, Nugraha H, Haqiyah A (March 1, 2024) Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 2 389–395.
IEEE H. Hernawan, D. Widyawan, M. Mukhtar, H. Nugraha, and A. Haqiyah, “Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 389–395, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1403090.
ISNAD Hernawan, Hernawan et al. “Physical Activities and Sedentary Time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/2 (March 2024), 389-395. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1403090.
JAMA Hernawan H, Widyawan D, Mukhtar M, Nugraha H, Haqiyah A. Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7:389–395.
MLA Hernawan, Hernawan et al. “Physical Activities and Sedentary Time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 389-95, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1403090.
Vancouver Hernawan H, Widyawan D, Mukhtar M, Nugraha H, Haqiyah A. Physical Activities and sedentary time of Students Outdoor Education and Conventional Education in Primary Schools. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7(2):389-95.


Flag Counter