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Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 445 - 451, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1430001

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of 6-week karate training on walking skills, a locomotor skill, in visually impaired individuals aged 10-14. A total of 20 visually impaired individuals participated in the study. Ten participants were included in the karate group (5 boys, five girls) and 10 in the control group (6 boys, four girls). The karate group received karate training in addition to physical education classes one day a week for six weeks, while the control group only attended physical education classes and continued their daily lives. The study was collected with measurements made before and after the 6-week training. To evaluate the walking skills of the visually impaired individuals, a 10-meter walking test was performed on a walking line that could be felt on the soles of the feet, and the participants' 10-meter walking time, step length, and step number values were recorded. Before the measurements, the participants' parents were informed, and a consent form was obtained. SigmaPlot 11.0 program was used for data analysis. In the pre-and post-test comparisons, the Paired t-test was used for normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for non-normally distributed data. A t-test was used for normally distributed data in comparing two independent groups, and the Mann Whitney-U Test was used for non-normally distributed data. According to the findings, there was no statistically significant difference between the 10 m walking pre-test results of the karate and control groups with and without glasses. When the post-test values were analyzed, a statistically significant difference (p<0.005) was found in all parameters of the karate group except the stride length parameter.
In contrast, no significant difference was found in the control group. In intra-group comparisons, while there was no significance in the pre-post test values of the control group, a statistically significant (p<0.005) difference was found in all parameters of the karate group. In the inter-group comparison, there was no significance between the pre-test values, but when the post-test values of the two groups were compared, a significant (p<0.005) difference was found only in the step count variable.
As a result, short-term karate training positively affects the walking skills of visually impaired individuals aged 10-14 years.

References

  • Akyol, B., Konar, N., & Taşçı, M. (2017). The effect of sport on balance and walking distance with visually ımpaired people. Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science, 11(3).
  • Altunay, B. A., & Akı, E. (2016). Evaluation of walking skills and posture of visually impaired students studying in schools for the visually impaired and inclusive schools in Turkey. Journal of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation.
  • Arslantekin, B. (2014). The effects of visual impairment on psychomotor development and independent mobility and supportive programs. Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Magazine, 2(3), 165-175.
  • Caderby, T., Yiou, E., Peyrot, N., Begon, M., & Dalleau, G. (2014). Influence of gait speed on the control of mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(2), 417-423. [CrossRef]
  • Casselbrant, M. L., Mandel, E. M., Sparto, P. J., Redfern, M. S., & Furman, J. M. (2007). Contribution of vision to balance in children four to eight years of age. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 116(9), 653-657. [CrossRef]
  • Celeste, M. A. (2002). A Survey of motor development for ınfants and young children with visual ımpairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 96(3):169-174. [CrossRef]
  • Cengizel, E., Cengizel, Ç. Ö., & Suveren-Erdoğan, C. (2022). Walking in Visually Impaired. Gazi Bookstore.
  • Coughlan, G. F., Fullam, K., Delahunt, E., Gissane, C., & Caulfield, B. M. (2012). A comparison between performance on selected directions of the star excursion balance test and the Y balance test. Journal of athletic training, 47(4), 366-371. [CrossRef]
  • Deliceoğlu, G., Çavuş, T. P., Karaman, G., Kocahan, T., Tortu, E., & Tekçe, A. (2017). Investigation of the effect of goalball training on strength, balance and flexibility parameters of female goalball Paralympic team. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 74-84.
  • Gallahue,D,L. (1987). Developmental Physical Education for Today’s Elementary School Children: Instructor’s Resource Manual with Transparency Masters. MacMillan Publishing Company.
  • Hallemans, A., Ortibus, E., Meire, F., & Aerts, P. (2010). Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait. Gait & posture, 32(4), 547-551. [CrossRef]
  • Hallemans, A., Ortibus, E., Truijen, S., & Meire, F. (2011). Development of independent locomotion in children with a severe visual impairment. Research in developmental disabilities, 32(6), 2069-2074. [CrossRef]
  • Havik, E. M., Steyvers, F. J. J. M., Van Der Velde, H., Pinkster, J. C., & Kooijman, A. C. (2010). Design and Evaluation of a Protocol to assess Electronic Travel Aids for Persons who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(2), 84-94. [CrossRef]
  • Hopkins, W. G., Gaeta, H., Thomas, A. C., & Hill, P. N. (1987). Physical fitness of blind and sighted children. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 56(1), 69-73.
  • Huri, M., Alltunay, A., Banu, Altuntaş, O., & Akı, E. (2015). Investigation of the relationship between visual acuity and functional balance. Journal of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, 3(1), 7-12.
  • Jazi, S. D., Purrajabi, F., Movahedi, A., & Jalali, S. (2012). Effect of Selected Balance Exercises on the Dynamic Balance of Children with Visual Impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 106(8), 466-474. [CrossRef] Kalia, A. A., Legge, G. E., Roy, R., & Ogale, A. (2010). Assessment of Indoor Route-finding Technology for People who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(3), 135-147. [CrossRef]
  • Kobberling, G., Leger, L., & Jankowski, L. W. (1989). Physical capacity in visually impaired persons. Science et motricite, 7, 38-41.
  • Lieberman, L. J., & McHugh, E. (2001). Health-Related Fitness of Children who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(5), 272-287. [CrossRef]
  • Montarzino, A., Robertson, B., Aspinall, P., Ambrecht, A., Findlay, C., Hine, J., & Dhillon, B. (2007). The Impact of Mobility and Public Transport on the Independence of Visually Impaired People. Visual Impairment Research, 9(2-3), 67-82. . [CrossRef]
  • Mori, A. A., & Olive, J. E. (1978). The Blind and Visually Handicapped Mentally Retarded: Suggestions for Intervention in Infancy. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 72(7), 273-279. [CrossRef]
  • Murphy, M. F. (1989). O’drriscoll M. Observations on the Motor Development ofVisual1y Impaired Children (C. 75). Nakamura, T. (1997). Quantitative analysis of gait in the visually impaired. Disability and Rehabilitation, 19(5), 194-197. [CrossRef]
  • Özyürek, M. (1995). A parent's guide to preparing a child with visual impairment for independence. TR Prime Ministry Family Research Institution.
  • Pogrund, R., Sewell, D., Anderson, H., Calaci, L., Gonzalez, C., Marsh, R. A., Price, M. F., & Smith, B. (2012). TAPS: Teaching age-appropriate purposeful skills: An orientation and mobility curriculum for students with visual impairments.
  • Porro, G., Van der Linden, D., Van Nieuwenhuizen, O., & Wittebol-Post, D. (2005). Role of visual dysfunction in postural control in children with cerebral palsy. Neural plasticity, 12(2-3), 205-210. [CrossRef]
  • Ranavolo, A., Conte, C., Iavicoli, S., Serrao, M., Silvetti, A., Sandrini, G., Pierelli, F., & Draicchio, F. (2011). Walking strategies of visually impaired people on trapezoidal- and sinusoidal-section tactile groundsurface indicators. Ergonomics, 54(3), 246-256. [CrossRef]
  • Ray, C. T., Horvat, M., Croce, R., Mason, R. C., & Wolf, S. L. (2008). The impact of vision loss on postural stability and balance strategies in individuals with profound vision loss. Gait & posture, 28(1), 58-61. [CrossRef]
  • Roden-Reynolds, D. C., Walker, M. H., Wasserman, C. R., & Dean, J. C. (2015). Hip proprioceptive feedback influences the control of mediolateral stability during human walking. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(4), 2220-2229. [CrossRef]
  • Sarimski, K. (1990). Angewandte entwicklungspsychologie in der fruehfoerderung blinder kinder. Short, F. X., & Winnick, J. P. (1986). The influence of visual impairment on physical fitness test performance. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 80(5), 729-731. [CrossRef]
  • Sundberg, S. (1982). Maximal oxygen uptake in relation to age in blind and normal boys and girls. Acta Paediatrica, 71(4), 603-608. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C. (2018). Effect of wall-assisted exercises on the balance and walking ability of visually ımpaired Individuals. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(6), 191-196. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C., Er, F., & Suveren, S. (2018). The effect of basic position training on walking abilities of visually impaired individuals. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(5), 130-135. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C., & Suveren, S. (2018). Teaching of basic posture skills in visually impaired individuals and its implementation under aggravated conditions. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(3), 109-116. [CrossRef]
  • Tuncer,T & Altunay,B. (1999). Orientation to visually impaired students and course analysis in the teaching of independent mobility skills. 9. National Special Education Congress, Eskiehir.
  • Urhan, M. (2018). The effectiveness of rope jumping and strengthening training in children with low vision [Master's Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Health Sciences]. [CrossRef]
  • Winnick, J. P., & Porretta, D. L. (2016). Adapted physical education and sport. Human Kinetics.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2011). Investigation of the effect of judo sport on visually impaired students in terms of some parameters. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 3. [CrossRef]

Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 445 - 451, 25.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1430001

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6-week karate training on walking skills, a locomotor skill, in visually impaired individuals aged 10-14 years. A total of 20 visually impaired individuals participated in the study. To evaluate the walking skills of the visually impaired individuals, a 10-meter walking test was performed on a walking line that could be felt on the soles of the feet, and the participants' 10-meter walking time, step length, and step number values were recorded. SigmaPlot 11.0 program was used for data analysis. In the pre-and post-test comparisons, the Paired t-test was used for normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon test was used for non-normally distributed data. In the comparison of two independent groups, a t-test was used for normally distributed data, and the Mann Whitney-U Test was used for non-normally distributed data. According to the findings, there was no statistically significant difference between the 10-meter walking pre-test results of the karate and control groups with and without glasses. When the post-test values were analyzed, a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in all parameters of the karate group except the stride length parameter. In intra-group comparisons, while there was no significance in the pre-post test values of the control group, a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference was found in all parameters of the karate group. As a result, short-term karate training has a positive effect on the walking skills of visually impaired individuals aged 10-14 years.

References

  • Akyol, B., Konar, N., & Taşçı, M. (2017). The effect of sport on balance and walking distance with visually ımpaired people. Journal of Physical Education & Sports Science, 11(3).
  • Altunay, B. A., & Akı, E. (2016). Evaluation of walking skills and posture of visually impaired students studying in schools for the visually impaired and inclusive schools in Turkey. Journal of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation.
  • Arslantekin, B. (2014). The effects of visual impairment on psychomotor development and independent mobility and supportive programs. Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Magazine, 2(3), 165-175.
  • Caderby, T., Yiou, E., Peyrot, N., Begon, M., & Dalleau, G. (2014). Influence of gait speed on the control of mediolateral dynamic stability during gait initiation. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(2), 417-423. [CrossRef]
  • Casselbrant, M. L., Mandel, E. M., Sparto, P. J., Redfern, M. S., & Furman, J. M. (2007). Contribution of vision to balance in children four to eight years of age. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 116(9), 653-657. [CrossRef]
  • Celeste, M. A. (2002). A Survey of motor development for ınfants and young children with visual ımpairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness. 96(3):169-174. [CrossRef]
  • Cengizel, E., Cengizel, Ç. Ö., & Suveren-Erdoğan, C. (2022). Walking in Visually Impaired. Gazi Bookstore.
  • Coughlan, G. F., Fullam, K., Delahunt, E., Gissane, C., & Caulfield, B. M. (2012). A comparison between performance on selected directions of the star excursion balance test and the Y balance test. Journal of athletic training, 47(4), 366-371. [CrossRef]
  • Deliceoğlu, G., Çavuş, T. P., Karaman, G., Kocahan, T., Tortu, E., & Tekçe, A. (2017). Investigation of the effect of goalball training on strength, balance and flexibility parameters of female goalball Paralympic team. Gaziantep University Journal of Sport Sciences, 2(1), 74-84.
  • Gallahue,D,L. (1987). Developmental Physical Education for Today’s Elementary School Children: Instructor’s Resource Manual with Transparency Masters. MacMillan Publishing Company.
  • Hallemans, A., Ortibus, E., Meire, F., & Aerts, P. (2010). Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait. Gait & posture, 32(4), 547-551. [CrossRef]
  • Hallemans, A., Ortibus, E., Truijen, S., & Meire, F. (2011). Development of independent locomotion in children with a severe visual impairment. Research in developmental disabilities, 32(6), 2069-2074. [CrossRef]
  • Havik, E. M., Steyvers, F. J. J. M., Van Der Velde, H., Pinkster, J. C., & Kooijman, A. C. (2010). Design and Evaluation of a Protocol to assess Electronic Travel Aids for Persons who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(2), 84-94. [CrossRef]
  • Hopkins, W. G., Gaeta, H., Thomas, A. C., & Hill, P. N. (1987). Physical fitness of blind and sighted children. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 56(1), 69-73.
  • Huri, M., Alltunay, A., Banu, Altuntaş, O., & Akı, E. (2015). Investigation of the relationship between visual acuity and functional balance. Journal of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation, 3(1), 7-12.
  • Jazi, S. D., Purrajabi, F., Movahedi, A., & Jalali, S. (2012). Effect of Selected Balance Exercises on the Dynamic Balance of Children with Visual Impairments. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 106(8), 466-474. [CrossRef] Kalia, A. A., Legge, G. E., Roy, R., & Ogale, A. (2010). Assessment of Indoor Route-finding Technology for People who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 104(3), 135-147. [CrossRef]
  • Kobberling, G., Leger, L., & Jankowski, L. W. (1989). Physical capacity in visually impaired persons. Science et motricite, 7, 38-41.
  • Lieberman, L. J., & McHugh, E. (2001). Health-Related Fitness of Children who are Visually Impaired. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 95(5), 272-287. [CrossRef]
  • Montarzino, A., Robertson, B., Aspinall, P., Ambrecht, A., Findlay, C., Hine, J., & Dhillon, B. (2007). The Impact of Mobility and Public Transport on the Independence of Visually Impaired People. Visual Impairment Research, 9(2-3), 67-82. . [CrossRef]
  • Mori, A. A., & Olive, J. E. (1978). The Blind and Visually Handicapped Mentally Retarded: Suggestions for Intervention in Infancy. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 72(7), 273-279. [CrossRef]
  • Murphy, M. F. (1989). O’drriscoll M. Observations on the Motor Development ofVisual1y Impaired Children (C. 75). Nakamura, T. (1997). Quantitative analysis of gait in the visually impaired. Disability and Rehabilitation, 19(5), 194-197. [CrossRef]
  • Özyürek, M. (1995). A parent's guide to preparing a child with visual impairment for independence. TR Prime Ministry Family Research Institution.
  • Pogrund, R., Sewell, D., Anderson, H., Calaci, L., Gonzalez, C., Marsh, R. A., Price, M. F., & Smith, B. (2012). TAPS: Teaching age-appropriate purposeful skills: An orientation and mobility curriculum for students with visual impairments.
  • Porro, G., Van der Linden, D., Van Nieuwenhuizen, O., & Wittebol-Post, D. (2005). Role of visual dysfunction in postural control in children with cerebral palsy. Neural plasticity, 12(2-3), 205-210. [CrossRef]
  • Ranavolo, A., Conte, C., Iavicoli, S., Serrao, M., Silvetti, A., Sandrini, G., Pierelli, F., & Draicchio, F. (2011). Walking strategies of visually impaired people on trapezoidal- and sinusoidal-section tactile groundsurface indicators. Ergonomics, 54(3), 246-256. [CrossRef]
  • Ray, C. T., Horvat, M., Croce, R., Mason, R. C., & Wolf, S. L. (2008). The impact of vision loss on postural stability and balance strategies in individuals with profound vision loss. Gait & posture, 28(1), 58-61. [CrossRef]
  • Roden-Reynolds, D. C., Walker, M. H., Wasserman, C. R., & Dean, J. C. (2015). Hip proprioceptive feedback influences the control of mediolateral stability during human walking. Journal of Neurophysiology, 114(4), 2220-2229. [CrossRef]
  • Sarimski, K. (1990). Angewandte entwicklungspsychologie in der fruehfoerderung blinder kinder. Short, F. X., & Winnick, J. P. (1986). The influence of visual impairment on physical fitness test performance. Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness, 80(5), 729-731. [CrossRef]
  • Sundberg, S. (1982). Maximal oxygen uptake in relation to age in blind and normal boys and girls. Acta Paediatrica, 71(4), 603-608. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C. (2018). Effect of wall-assisted exercises on the balance and walking ability of visually ımpaired Individuals. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(6), 191-196. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C., Er, F., & Suveren, S. (2018). The effect of basic position training on walking abilities of visually impaired individuals. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(5), 130-135. [CrossRef]
  • Suveren-Erdogan, C., & Suveren, S. (2018). Teaching of basic posture skills in visually impaired individuals and its implementation under aggravated conditions. Journal of Education and Learning, 7(3), 109-116. [CrossRef]
  • Tuncer,T & Altunay,B. (1999). Orientation to visually impaired students and course analysis in the teaching of independent mobility skills. 9. National Special Education Congress, Eskiehir.
  • Urhan, M. (2018). The effectiveness of rope jumping and strengthening training in children with low vision [Master's Thesis, Pamukkale University Institute of Health Sciences]. [CrossRef]
  • Winnick, J. P., & Porretta, D. L. (2016). Adapted physical education and sport. Human Kinetics.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2011). Investigation of the effect of judo sport on visually impaired students in terms of some parameters. Istanbul University Journal of Sport Sciences, 3. [CrossRef]
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Physical Training, Sports and Physical Activity For Disabled
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Ceren Suveren Erdoğan 0000-0002-2698-1500

Yasin Arslan 0000-0003-4590-3900

Early Pub Date March 20, 2024
Publication Date March 25, 2024
Submission Date February 1, 2024
Acceptance Date March 16, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Suveren Erdoğan, C., & Arslan, Y. (2024). Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 7(2), 445-451. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1430001
AMA Suveren Erdoğan C, Arslan Y. Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. March 2024;7(2):445-451. doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1430001
Chicago Suveren Erdoğan, Ceren, and Yasin Arslan. “Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7, no. 2 (March 2024): 445-51. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1430001.
EndNote Suveren Erdoğan C, Arslan Y (March 1, 2024) Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7 2 445–451.
IEEE C. Suveren Erdoğan and Y. Arslan, “Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children”, International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 445–451, 2024, doi: 10.33438/ijdshs.1430001.
ISNAD Suveren Erdoğan, Ceren - Arslan, Yasin. “Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences 7/2 (March 2024), 445-451. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1430001.
JAMA Suveren Erdoğan C, Arslan Y. Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7:445–451.
MLA Suveren Erdoğan, Ceren and Yasin Arslan. “Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children”. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 2024, pp. 445-51, doi:10.33438/ijdshs.1430001.
Vancouver Suveren Erdoğan C, Arslan Y. Investigation of the Effect of Short-Term Karate Training on Walking Ability in Visually Impaired Children. International Journal of Disabilities Sports &Health Sciences. 2024;7(2):445-51.


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