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Excavatability Properties of Rock Masses Having Different Weathering Degrees: An Example of Gümüşhane Granitoid, Gümüşhane, NE Turkey

Year 2011, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 133 - 150, 15.12.2011

Abstract

The studies to determine the excavatability properties of rocks contribute to the applicability of the engineering project in terms of the cost of excavation. In this study, excavatability properties of Early Carboniferous aged Gümüşhane Granotiod outcropped in the residential area of Gümüşhane were examined. Firstly, four different areas were selected and the rock masses were grouped according to their degree of weathering based on the description criteria of ISRM. As a result of these studies, the rock masses in field-1, field-2 and field-3 were determined as moderately weathered. The weathering degree of rock mass in field-4 was highly weathered. In the second stage, properties of discontinuities and geomechanical parameters of intact rock material were determined. In the next stage, RMR89, Q and GSI values of rock masses were determined and the rock masses were classified using the excavatability classification systems. Moderately and highly weathered rock masses were classified to be in ripping and digging categories, respectively. It was determined that the moderately weathered rock masses were ripped by using hydraulic breaker and the highly weathered rock masses were digged by using face shovel. In the final stage, the data obtained from these studies and the excavation works in the selected areas were compared. According to the results, the excavation methods suggested by Tsiambaos and Saroglou (2009) are completely compatible with in-situ excavation works. 

References

  • Palmström, A., 2005. Measurements of and correlations between block size and rock quality designation (RQD). Tunnels and Underground Space Technology, 20, 362-377.
  • Pettifer, G.S., Fookes, P.G., 1994. A revision of the graphical method for assessing the excavatability of rock. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27, 145–164.
  • Smith, H.J., 1986. Estimating rippability of rock mass classification. The 27th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Proceedings, University of Alabama, 443-448.
  • Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R., 2002. A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 26, 77-99.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Dokuz, A., Meyer, H.P., 2007. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex, Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 861–873.
  • Tsiambaos, G., Saroglou, H., 2009. Excavatability assessment of rock masses using the Geological Strength Index (GSI). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environmental, 69 (1),13-27.
  • Weaver, J.M., 1975. Geological factors significant in the assessment of rippability. The Civil Engineering in South Africa, 17 (12), 313-3
  • Scoble, M.J., Müftüoğlu, Y.V., 1984. Derivation of a diggability index for surface mine equipment selection. Mining Science and Technology, 1, 305-322.
  • Singh, R.N., Denby, B., Eğretli, İ., Pathan, A.G., 1986. Assessment of ground rippability in opencast mining operations. University of Nottingham Mining Department Magazine, 38, 21-34.
  • Smith, H.J., 1986. Estimating rippability of rock mass classification. The 27th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Proceedings, University of Alabama, 443-448.
  • Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R., 2002. A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 26, 77-99.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Dokuz, A., Meyer, H.P., 2007. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex, Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 861–873.

Farklı Ayrışma Derecesine Sahip Kaya Kütlelerinin Kazılabilirlik Özellikleri: Gümüşhane Granitoyidi Örneği, Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye

Year 2011, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 133 - 150, 15.12.2011

Abstract



Kayaların
kazılabilirlik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılacak çalışmalar kazı
maliyeti açısından mühendislik projelerinin uygulanabilirliğine katkı
sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane ve yakın yöresinde yüzeylenen Erken
Karbonifer yaşlı Gümüşhane Granitoyidi’nin kazılabilirlik özellikleri
incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, dört faklı alan seçilmiş ve bu alanlardaki kaya
kütleleri ISRM tanımlama kriterleri esas alınarak ayrışma derecelerine göre
gruplandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmalar sonucunda 1, 2 ve 3 numaralı alanlardaki kaya
kütlelerinin orta derecede ayrışmış, 4 numaralı alandaki kaya kütlesinin ise
ileri derecede ayrışmış kaya sınıfında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İkinci
aşamada, eklemlerin mühendislik özellikleri ve kaya malzemesinin jeomekanik
özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonraki aşamada ise kaya kütlelerinin RMR89,
Q ve GSI değerleri belirlenmiş ve
kazılabilirlik
açısından sınıflandırılmıştır. Yapılan sınıflamalara göre, orta derecede
ayrışmış kaya kütleleri “sökülebilir”,
ileri derecede ayrışmış kaya kütlesi ise “kazılabilir” özelliktedir.
İnceleme alanlarında yapılan kazı
çalışmalarında
orta derecede ayrışmış kaya
kütlelerinin hidrolik kırıcı kullanılarak söküldüğü, ileri derecede ayrışmış
kaya kütlelerinin ise kepçe kullanılarak kazıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Son
aşamada ise
bulunan sonuçlar
ile uygulanan kazı yöntemleri
karşılaştırılmıştır.
Bu sonuçlara göre, Tsiambaos ve Saroglou (2009) tarafından önerilen kazı
yöntemleri, yerinde yapılan kazı çalışmaları ile tamamen örtüşmektedir.

References

  • Palmström, A., 2005. Measurements of and correlations between block size and rock quality designation (RQD). Tunnels and Underground Space Technology, 20, 362-377.
  • Pettifer, G.S., Fookes, P.G., 1994. A revision of the graphical method for assessing the excavatability of rock. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology, 27, 145–164.
  • Smith, H.J., 1986. Estimating rippability of rock mass classification. The 27th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Proceedings, University of Alabama, 443-448.
  • Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R., 2002. A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 26, 77-99.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Dokuz, A., Meyer, H.P., 2007. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex, Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 861–873.
  • Tsiambaos, G., Saroglou, H., 2009. Excavatability assessment of rock masses using the Geological Strength Index (GSI). Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environmental, 69 (1),13-27.
  • Weaver, J.M., 1975. Geological factors significant in the assessment of rippability. The Civil Engineering in South Africa, 17 (12), 313-3
  • Scoble, M.J., Müftüoğlu, Y.V., 1984. Derivation of a diggability index for surface mine equipment selection. Mining Science and Technology, 1, 305-322.
  • Singh, R.N., Denby, B., Eğretli, İ., Pathan, A.G., 1986. Assessment of ground rippability in opencast mining operations. University of Nottingham Mining Department Magazine, 38, 21-34.
  • Smith, H.J., 1986. Estimating rippability of rock mass classification. The 27th U.S. Symposium on Rock Mechanics, Proceedings, University of Alabama, 443-448.
  • Sönmez, H., Ulusay, R., 2002. A discussion on the Hoek-Brown failure criterion and suggested modifications to the criterion verified by slope stability case studies. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 26, 77-99.
  • Topuz, G., Altherr, R., Schwarz, W.H., Dokuz, A., Meyer, H.P., 2007. Variscan amphibolite-facies rocks from the Kurtoğlu metamorphic complex, Gümüşhane area, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96, 861–873.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Geological Sciences and Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Makaleler - Articles
Authors

Selçuk Alemdağ

Ayberk Kaya

Zülfü Gürocak

Serhat Dağ

Publication Date December 15, 2011
Submission Date June 8, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 35 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alemdağ, S., Kaya, A., Gürocak, Z., Dağ, S. (2011). Farklı Ayrışma Derecesine Sahip Kaya Kütlelerinin Kazılabilirlik Özellikleri: Gümüşhane Granitoyidi Örneği, Gümüşhane, KD Türkiye. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 35(2), 133-150.