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VAR Sisteminin 2022 FIFA Dünya Kupası ve UEFA Kadınlar Euro 2022'de Oynanan Müsabakalar Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 486 - 499, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270857

Abstract

Futbol, insanların benimsediği ve ilgi gösterdiği, dünya üzerinde en önemli spor branşlarından biridir. Ülkelerin kendine has kültürlerini ön plana çıkarma ve kendilerini tanıtma hususunda da değişilmez bir araç haline gelmiştir. Bu noktalardan hareketle, geçen zamanla beraber bir endüstri haline gelen ve ticari bir gelir kaynağı olan futbolda, müsabakaların titizlikle takip edilmesi, her detayının incelenmesi, hataların en asgari seviyeye indirgenmesi önemli olmuştur. Özellikle büyük organizasyonlarda bu durum daha ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu hususta, müsabaka sırasında hakeme yardımcı ve destek olması amacıyla dijital platformlar aracılığıyla oluşturulan ve ekip çalışmasının bir ürünü olan video yardımcı hakem sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da VAR sisteminin 2022 FIFA Dünya Kupası ve UEFA Kadınlar Futbol Şampiyonası’nda oynanan müsabakalar üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırmada 2022 FIFA Dünya Kupası’nda oynanan 64; UEFA Kadınlar Futbol Şampiyonası’nda oynanan 31, toplamda 95 müsabaka incelenmiştir. Turnuvalardaki VAR kararları ayrı ayrı 11 parametre (verilen golün doğruluğu, verilmeyen golün doğruluğu, gol iptali, gol verilmesi, verilen penaltının doğruluğu, verilmeyen penaltının doğruluğu, penaltı iptali, penaltı verilmesi, kırmızı kart verilmesi, kırmızı kart iptali ve diğer) özelinde değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programında analiz edilmiş ve analizde tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden yüzde ve frekans değerlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, VAR’ın 2022 Dünya Kupası’na sadece grup müsabakalarının bazılarında; 2022 UEFA Kadınlar Futbol Şampiyonası’nda ise, bazı grup müsabakalarında ve Fransa Hollanda çeyrek final müsabakasında doğrudan etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, VAR sistemi ilk kullanılmaya başlandığında kısmen tepkilerle karşılaşmış olsa da müsabakada verilen kararların doğruluğu ve güvenilirliği bakımından katkı sağladığı ve takımların hak etmiş olduğu sonuçlar doğrultusunda turnuva veya ligin şekillendiği söylenebilir.

References

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  • Carlos, L. P., Ezequiel, R., & Anton, K. (2019). How does Video Assistant Referee (VAR) modify the game in elite soccer?. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 19(4), 646-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2019.1646521
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  • Demir, O., Bektaş, M., & Kaya, S. (2022). “Var” mısın? Futbolcu ve hakemlerin video yardımcı hakem uygulamasına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi. (ss. 1082-1086). 1st International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies (ICIAS), 10-13 Kasım 2022, Konya.
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  • Erdoğan, Ç. H. (2021). Futbolcuların video yardımcı hakem “VAR” sistemi hakkındaki görüşleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 4(2), 113-123.
  • Errekagorri, I., Castellano, J., Echeazarra, I., & Lago-Penas, C. (2020). The effects of the Video Assistant Referee system (VAR) on the playing time, technicaltactical and physical performance in elite soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(5), 808-817. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1788350
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  • Gürler, C., & Polat, V. (2021). Video Assistant Referee's effect on football: Turkish super league case. RBFF-Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 13(52), 118-124.
  • Hamsund, T., & Scelles, N. (2021). Fans’ perceptions towards video assistant referee (VAR) in the english premier league. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(12), 16. Article 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120573
  • Han, B., Chen, Q., Lago-Penas, C., Wang, C., & Liu, T. (2020). The influence of the video Assistant referee on the Chinese Super League. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(5-6), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120938984
  • Helsen, W., Gilis, B., & Weston, M. (2006). Errors in judging “offside” in association football: Test of the optical error versus the perceptual flash-lag hypothesis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(5), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500298065
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kayhan, R. F., Bardakçı, S., & Caz, Ç. (2020). Türk futbolunda video yardımcı hakem (VAR) uygulamasına yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirilmesi. International Journal of Society Researchers, 16(27), 571-596. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.673635
  • Kolbinger, O., & Lames, M. (2017). Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports. Current Issues in Sport Science, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15203/CISS_2017.001
  • Kubayi, A. (2020). Analysis of goal scoring patterns in the 2018 Fifa World Cup. J Hum Kinet., 71, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0084
  • Kubayi, A., Larkin, P., & Toriola, A. (2021). The impact of video assistant referee (VAR) on match performance variables at men’s FIFA World Cup tournaments. Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 236(2)187-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337121997
  • Lago-Penas, C., Gomez, M. A., & Pollard, R. (2020). The effect of the video Assistant referee on referee’s decisions in the Spanish LaLiga. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(3), 824-829. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120980111
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  • Mather, G. (2020). A step to VAR: The vision science of offside calls by video assistant referees. Perception, 49(12), 1371–1374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006620972006
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Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women's EURO 2022

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 486 - 499, 31.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270857

Abstract

Football is one of the most important sports branches in the world that people adopt and show interest in. It has also become an indispensable tool for countries to emphasise their unique cultures and to promote themselves. Based on these points, in football, which has become an industry and a source of commercial income with the passing of time, it has been important to follow the competitions meticulously, to examine every detail, and to minimise the errors to the minimum level. Especially in big organisations, this situation is more prominent. In this regard, the video assistant referee system, which is a product of teamwork, has been developed through digital platforms to assist and support the referee during the match. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of the VAR system on the matches played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women's EURO 2022. In the study, 64 matches played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup, 31 matches played in the UEFA Women's EURO 2022 and 95 matches in total were analysed. VAR decisions in the tournaments were evaluated separately on 11 parameters (accuracy of the goal awarded, accuracy of the goal not awarded, goal cancellation, goal awarded, accuracy of the penalty awarded, accuracy of the penalty not awarded, penalty cancellation, penalty awarded, red card awarded, red card cancelled and other). The data were analysed in SPSS 25.0 package program and descriptive statistics, percentage and frequency values were used in the analysis. According to the results obtained, it was determined that VAR had a direct effect on the 2022 World Cup only in some of the group matches; in the UEFA Women's EURO 2022, in some group matches and in the France Netherlands quarter-final match. As a result, it can be said that although the VAR system faced some reactions when it was first used, it contributed to the accuracy and reliability of the decisions made in the match and the tournament or league was shaped in line with the results that the teams deserved.

References

  • BBC (2023, 2 Mart). Video yardımcı hakem (var) sistemi nedir: Uygulama Türkiye’de de başlıyor. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/spor-45038263
  • Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
  • Boyko, R.H., Boyko, A.R. & Boyko, M.G. (2007). Referee bias contributes to home advantage in English Premiership football. J Sports Sci., 25, 1185-1194. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410601038576
  • Büyükçelebi, H., Düz, S., Acak, M., Nalbant, U., Svatora, K., Gabrys, T., & Karayiğit, R. (2022). Development of the effect of video assistant referee application on football parameters. Appl. Sci, 12, 1-7. Article 6088. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126088
  • Carboch, J., Vejvodova, K., & Suss, V. (2016). Analysis of errors made by line umpires on ATP tournaments. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 16(1), 264–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2016.11868885
  • Carlos, L. P., Ezequiel, R., & Anton, K. (2019). How does Video Assistant Referee (VAR) modify the game in elite soccer?. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 19(4), 646-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2019.1646521
  • Caruso, E. M., Burns, Z. C., & Converse, B. A. (2016). Slow motion increases perceived intent. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(33), 9250-9255. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1603865113
  • Catteeuw, P., Helsen, W., Gilis, B., & Wagemans, J. (2009). Decision making skills, role specificity, and deliberate practice in association football refereeing. Journal of Sport Sciences, 27(11), 1125–1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903079179
  • Caz, Ç., Çoban, O., & Gökkaya, D. (2021). Video yardımcı hakem (VAR) sisteminin futbolda genel yansımaları üzerine bir araştırma. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 5(3), 98-113.
  • Collins, H. (2010). The philosophy of umpiring and the introduction of decisionaid technology. J. Philos. Sports 37, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2010. 9714772
  • Collins, H., & Evans, R. (2008). You cannot be serious! Public understanding of technology with special reference to “hawk-eye”.” Public Understanding of Science, 17(3), 283-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662508093370
  • Çankaya, S., Saki, Ü., & Taşmektepligil, M. Y. (2020). VAR sisteminin 2018-2019 sezonu süper lig futbol maçlarına etkisinin değerlendirilmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 11(2), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.17155/omuspd.615248
  • Çaparlar, C. Ö., & Dönmez, A. (2016). Bilmsel araştırma nedir, nasıl yapılır?. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim, 44, 212-218. https://doi.org/10.5152/TJAR.2016.34711
  • Demir, O., & Bektaş, M. (2022). Video yardımcı hakem (VAR) uygulamasının Türk futbolu üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi. Enderun Dergisi, 6(2), 168-180.
  • Demir, O., Bektaş, M., & Kaya, S. (2022). “Var” mısın? Futbolcu ve hakemlerin video yardımcı hakem uygulamasına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi. (ss. 1082-1086). 1st International Conference on Innovative Academic Studies (ICIAS), 10-13 Kasım 2022, Konya.
  • Dohmen, T. J. (2008). The influence of social forces: Evidence from the behavior of football referees. Economic Inquiry, 46(3), 411-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2007.00112.x
  • Dyer, B. (2015). The controversy of sports technology: A systematic review. SpringerPlus 4, 524. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1331-x
  • Ekizoğlu, Ö., & Akyüz, M. S. (2022). Türk futbolunda seyircilerin video yardımcı hakem (VAR) uygulamasına bakış açısının incelenmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5, 622-635. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1202971
  • Engin, S. G., & Çelik, V. O. (2019). VAR’lığın yeter! Hakemlerin gözünden video yardımcı hakem sistemi. International Journal of Sport Culture and Science, 7(2), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.14486/IntJSCS.2019254975
  • Erdoğan, Ç. H. (2021). Futbolcuların video yardımcı hakem “VAR” sistemi hakkındaki görüşleri. Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi 4(2), 113-123.
  • Errekagorri, I., Castellano, J., Echeazarra, I., & Lago-Penas, C. (2020). The effects of the Video Assistant Referee system (VAR) on the playing time, technicaltactical and physical performance in elite soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(5), 808-817. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2020.1788350
  • Fouché, R. (2017). Game changer: The technoscientific revolution in sports. Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Gürler, C., & Polat, V. (2021). Video Assistant Referee's effect on football: Turkish super league case. RBFF-Revista Brasileira de Futsal e Futebol, 13(52), 118-124.
  • Hamsund, T., & Scelles, N. (2021). Fans’ perceptions towards video assistant referee (VAR) in the english premier league. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(12), 16. Article 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120573
  • Han, B., Chen, Q., Lago-Penas, C., Wang, C., & Liu, T. (2020). The influence of the video Assistant referee on the Chinese Super League. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 15(5-6), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120938984
  • Helsen, W., Gilis, B., & Weston, M. (2006). Errors in judging “offside” in association football: Test of the optical error versus the perceptual flash-lag hypothesis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(5), 521–528. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500298065
  • Karasar, N. (2005). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
  • Kayhan, R. F., Bardakçı, S., & Caz, Ç. (2020). Türk futbolunda video yardımcı hakem (VAR) uygulamasına yönelik tutum ölçeği geliştirilmesi. International Journal of Society Researchers, 16(27), 571-596. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.673635
  • Kolbinger, O., & Lames, M. (2017). Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports. Current Issues in Sport Science, 2(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.15203/CISS_2017.001
  • Kubayi, A. (2020). Analysis of goal scoring patterns in the 2018 Fifa World Cup. J Hum Kinet., 71, 205-210. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0084
  • Kubayi, A., Larkin, P., & Toriola, A. (2021). The impact of video assistant referee (VAR) on match performance variables at men’s FIFA World Cup tournaments. Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 236(2)187-191. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337121997
  • Lago-Penas, C., Gomez, M. A., & Pollard, R. (2020). The effect of the video Assistant referee on referee’s decisions in the Spanish LaLiga. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(3), 824-829. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954120980111
  • Leveaux, R. (2010). Facilitating referee’s decision making in sport via the application of technology. Communications of the IBIMA, 2010(2010), 1-8. Article ID 545333. https://doi.org/10.5171/2010.545333
  • Mather, G. (2020). A step to VAR: The vision science of offside calls by video assistant referees. Perception, 49(12), 1371–1374. https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006620972006
  • Manning, M. R., & Levy, R. S. (2006). Soccer. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, 17(3), 677-695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2006.05.004.
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sports Activity Management
Journal Section Original Article
Authors

Gizem Başkaya 0000-0002-6001-1727

Serkan Necati Metin 0000-0001-5951-2893

Early Pub Date August 13, 2023
Publication Date October 31, 2023
Acceptance Date August 13, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Başkaya, G., & Metin, S. N. (2023). Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(3), 486-499. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270857
AMA Başkaya G, Metin SN. Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022. JSSR. October 2023;8(3):486-499. doi:10.25307/jssr.1270857
Chicago Başkaya, Gizem, and Serkan Necati Metin. “Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8, no. 3 (October 2023): 486-99. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270857.
EndNote Başkaya G, Metin SN (October 1, 2023) Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8 3 486–499.
IEEE G. Başkaya and S. N. Metin, “Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022”, JSSR, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 486–499, 2023, doi: 10.25307/jssr.1270857.
ISNAD Başkaya, Gizem - Metin, Serkan Necati. “Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi 8/3 (October 2023), 486-499. https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1270857.
JAMA Başkaya G, Metin SN. Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022. JSSR. 2023;8:486–499.
MLA Başkaya, Gizem and Serkan Necati Metin. “Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022”. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 3, 2023, pp. 486-99, doi:10.25307/jssr.1270857.
Vancouver Başkaya G, Metin SN. Evaluation of The Effect of The VAR System on The Matches Played in the 2022 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Women’s EURO 2022. JSSR. 2023;8(3):486-99.

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