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VHDL ile NIBP, SpO2 ve ETCO2 Yaşamsal Sinyallerin FPGA Tabanlı Tasarımı ve Gerçek Zamanlı Uygulaması

Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 454 - 468, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1330804

Abstract

Son yıllarda, FPGA-tabanlı yaklaşımlar, biyomedikal mühendislik uygulamalarında yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Sunulan bu çalışmada, NIBP, ETCO2 ve SpO2 yaşamsal belirti sinyalleri Zynq-7000 serisi XC7Z020 FPGA çipi üzerinde, gerçek zamanlı biyomedikal uygulamalarında kullanılmak amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle, NIBP, ETCO2 ve SpO2 sinyalleri MATLAB ortamında nümerik olarak modellenmiştir. Sinyallerin sayısal modelleri, MIT-BIH aritmi veri bankası Physiobank ATM kısmında bulunan yaşamsal belirti sinyallerinin zaman ve genlik değerleri için uyumlu ve özgün olarak çıkartılmıştır. Ardından, bu sinyallerin bulunduğu FPGA-tabanlı sistem, VHDL ile Xilinx Vivado yazılımında tasarlanmıştır. Tasarımın matematiksel modelleri baz alınarak, FPGA-tabanlı sistemin ürettiği sonuçlar ve hata analizleri verilmiştir. Sonrasında, NIBP, ETCO2 ve SpO2 sinyallerini içeren tasarım Xilinx-Vivado ile Zynq-7000 XC7Z020 FPGA çipi için sentezlenmiş ve Place&Route işleminin sonucunda kaynak tüketim istatistikleri sunulmuştur. FPGA-tabanlı tasarımların maksimum çalışma frekansı 651.827 olarak elde edilmiştir. FPGA-tabanlı tasarımlanan NIBP, ETCO2 ve SpO2 yaşamsal belirti sinyalleri, geliştirme kitiyle çalışan 2 adet 14-bit AN9767 DA kartıyla 4 kanala sahip bir osiloskop üzerinden gerçek zamanlı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma ile FPGA-tabanlı tasarımı yapılarak doğrulanan NIBP, SpO2 ve ETCO2 yaşamsal belirti sinyallerinin biyomedikal uygulamalarda ve tıbbi cihazların kalibrasyon testleri için kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir.

Supporting Institution

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Project Number

119E659

Thanks

Bu çalışma 119E659 numaralı proje ile Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir.

References

  • E. Coşgun, H. Korkmaz, and K. Toker, “An Embedded System Design to Build Real-Time 2D Maps for Unknown Indoor Environments,” Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 617–632, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.16984/SAUFENBILDER.453926.
  • R. F. Molanes, L. Costas, J. J. Rodríguez-Andina, and J. Fariña, “Comparative Analysis of Processor-FPGA Communication Performance in Low-Cost FPSoCs,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 3826–3835, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.3015833.
  • H. Li, Y. Tang, Z. Que, and J. Zhang, “FPGA Accelerated Post-Quantum Cryptography,” IEEE Trans Nanotechnol, vol. 21, pp. 685–691, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TNANO.2022.3217802.
  • İ. Koyuncu, M. Tuna, İ. Pehlivan, C. B. Fidan, and M. Alçın, “Design, FPGA implementation and statistical analysis of chaos-ring based dual entropy core true random number generator,” Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 445–456, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10470-019-01568-x.
  • J. ; Wang et al., “A Design of FPGA-Based Neural Network PID Controller for Motion Control System,” Sensors 2022, Vol. 22, Page 889, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 889, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/S22030889.
  • İ. Koyuncu, M. Furkan Taşdemir, M. Alçın, M. Tuna, E. Coşgun, and G. Tarihi, “FPGA üzerinde görüntü işleme algoritmalarının gerçek zamanlı gerçekleştirilmesi,” Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 125–137, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.25092/BAUNFBED.892032.
  • J. M. Blanes, R. Gutiérrez, A. Garrigós, J. L. Lizán, and J. M. Cuadrado, “Electric vehicle battery life extension using ultracapacitors and an FPGA controlled interleaved buck-boost converter,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5940–5948, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2255316.
  • C. Yilmaz, I. Koyuncu, M. Alcin, and M. Tuna, “Artificial Neural Networks based thermodynamic and economic analysis of a hydrogen production system assisted by geothermal energy on Field Programmable Gate Array,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 33, pp. 17443–17459, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.05.049.
  • M. Ş. AKÇAY, İ. KOYUNCU, M. ALÇIN, and M. TUNA, “FPGA Tabanlı LogSig ve TanSig Transfer Fonksiyonlarının IQ-Math Sayı Standardında Tasarımı ve Gerçeklenmesi,” Journal of Materials and Mechatronics: A, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 225–239, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.55546/JMM.1094815.
  • M. Tuna, M. Alçın, İ. Koyuncu, C. B. Fidan, and İ. Pehlivan, “High speed FPGA-based chaotic oscillator design,” Microprocess Microsyst, vol. 66, no. 2019, pp. 72–80, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.MICPRO.2019.02.012.
  • B. H. Tietche, O. Romain, B. Denby, and F. De Dieuleveult, “FPGA-based simultaneous multichannel fm broadcast receiver for audio indexing applications in consumer electronics scenarios,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1153–1161, 2012, doi: 10.1109/TCE.2012.6414980.
  • I. Koyuncu, C. Yilmaz, M. Alcin, and M. Tuna, “Design and implementation of hydrogen economy using artificial neural network on field programmable gate array,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 41, pp. 20709–20720, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.181.
  • M. Ozev, Z. Ortatepe, and A. Karaarslan, “An FPGA-Based Comparative Analysis of Control Techniques for Gimbals and Fins of Missiles,” Electrica, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 160–172, May 2022, doi: 10.54614/ELECTRICA.2022.21175.
  • E. Monmasson, L. Idkhajine, M. N. Cirstea, I. Bahri, A. Tisan, and M. W. Naouar, “FPGAs in industrial control applications,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 224–243, 2011, doi: 10.1109/TII.2011.2123908.
  • H. Yu, H. Lee, S. Lee, Y. Kim, and H. M. Lee, “Recent Advances in FPGA Reverse Engineering,” Electronics 2018, Vol. 7, Page 246, vol. 7, no. 10, p. 246, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.3390/ELECTRONICS7100246.
  • F. Karataş, İ. Koyuncu, M. Alçın, and M. Tuna, “Design and implementation of FPGA-based arrhythmic ECG signals using VHDL for biomedical calibration applications,” International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 362–371, 2021, doi: 10.35860/iarej.918874.
  • E. Coşgun and A. Çelebi, “FPGA based real-time epileptic seizure prediction system,” Biocybern Biomed Eng, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 278–292, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.BBE.2021.01.006.
  • F. Karataş et al., “II. Derece AV Blok Aritmik EKG Sinyallerinin VHDL ile FPGA-Tabanlı Tasarımı,” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1334–1345, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.35414/AKUFEMUBID.1141837.
  • N. S. Madiraju, N. Kurella, and R. Valapudasu, “FPGA Implementation of ECG feature extraction using Time domain analysis,” ArXiv, vol. abs/1802.03310, Feb. 2018, Accessed: Jul. 11, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03310v1
  • K. Meddah, M. K. Talha, M. Bahoura, and H. Zairi, “FPGA-based system for heart rate monitoring,” IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 771–782, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1049/IET-CDS.2018.5204.
  • H. Zairi, M. Kedir Talha, K. Meddah, and S. Ould Slimane, “FPGA-based system for artificial neural network arrhythmia classification,” Neural Comput Appl, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 4105–4120, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/S00521-019-04081-4/FIGURES/12.
  • F. Karatas, I. Koyuncu, M. Alçın, and M. Tuna, “Design of FPGA-based ECG Signal Using VHDL,” in 1st International Hazar Scientific Research Congress, Baku, Azerbaijan: IKSAD Publishing, 2020, pp. 114–127. Accessed: Apr. 01, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344719133
  • A. Giorgio, C. Guaragnella, and D. A. Giliberti, “Improving ECG signal denoising using wavelet transform for the prediction of malignant arrhythmias,” Int J Med Eng Inform, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 135–150, 2020, doi: 10.1504/IJMEI.2020.106898.
  • S. Jain, “FPGA-Assisted Framework for Heart Rate Evaluation using ECG Signal Processing,” in 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference, INDICON 2020, New Delhi, India: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Dec. 2020. doi: 10.1109/INDICON49873.2020.9342125.
  • Y. Zhu et al., “A Multi-channel ECG Acquisition System Based on FPGA,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 1924, no. 1, p. 012023, May 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1924/1/012023.
  • F. Karataş, I. Koyuncu, M. Tuna, M. Alçın, E. Avcioglu, and A. Akgul, “Design and implementation of arrhythmic ECG signals for biomedical engineering applications on FPGA,” The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2021 231:5, vol. 231, no. 5, pp. 869–884, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1140/EPJS/S11734-021-00334-3.
  • F. Karataş, “VHDL ile FPGA-tabanlı EKG simülatörü tasarımı,” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, 2021.
  • “XILINX Zynq-7000 SoC FPGA Development Board XC7Z020-ALINX.” Accessed: Jul. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://alinx.com/en/detail/273
  • “ALINX Dual Channel 14 bit 125Msps DA BNC Analog Output Module AD9767-ALINX.” Accessed: Jul. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://alinx.com/en/detail/480
Year 2023, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 454 - 468, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1330804

Abstract

Project Number

119E659

References

  • E. Coşgun, H. Korkmaz, and K. Toker, “An Embedded System Design to Build Real-Time 2D Maps for Unknown Indoor Environments,” Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 617–632, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.16984/SAUFENBILDER.453926.
  • R. F. Molanes, L. Costas, J. J. Rodríguez-Andina, and J. Fariña, “Comparative Analysis of Processor-FPGA Communication Performance in Low-Cost FPSoCs,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 3826–3835, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TII.2020.3015833.
  • H. Li, Y. Tang, Z. Que, and J. Zhang, “FPGA Accelerated Post-Quantum Cryptography,” IEEE Trans Nanotechnol, vol. 21, pp. 685–691, 2022, doi: 10.1109/TNANO.2022.3217802.
  • İ. Koyuncu, M. Tuna, İ. Pehlivan, C. B. Fidan, and M. Alçın, “Design, FPGA implementation and statistical analysis of chaos-ring based dual entropy core true random number generator,” Analog Integr Circuits Signal Process, vol. 102, no. 2, pp. 445–456, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10470-019-01568-x.
  • J. ; Wang et al., “A Design of FPGA-Based Neural Network PID Controller for Motion Control System,” Sensors 2022, Vol. 22, Page 889, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 889, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/S22030889.
  • İ. Koyuncu, M. Furkan Taşdemir, M. Alçın, M. Tuna, E. Coşgun, and G. Tarihi, “FPGA üzerinde görüntü işleme algoritmalarının gerçek zamanlı gerçekleştirilmesi,” Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 125–137, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.25092/BAUNFBED.892032.
  • J. M. Blanes, R. Gutiérrez, A. Garrigós, J. L. Lizán, and J. M. Cuadrado, “Electric vehicle battery life extension using ultracapacitors and an FPGA controlled interleaved buck-boost converter,” IEEE Trans Power Electron, vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5940–5948, 2013, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2013.2255316.
  • C. Yilmaz, I. Koyuncu, M. Alcin, and M. Tuna, “Artificial Neural Networks based thermodynamic and economic analysis of a hydrogen production system assisted by geothermal energy on Field Programmable Gate Array,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 44, no. 33, pp. 17443–17459, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2019.05.049.
  • M. Ş. AKÇAY, İ. KOYUNCU, M. ALÇIN, and M. TUNA, “FPGA Tabanlı LogSig ve TanSig Transfer Fonksiyonlarının IQ-Math Sayı Standardında Tasarımı ve Gerçeklenmesi,” Journal of Materials and Mechatronics: A, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 225–239, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.55546/JMM.1094815.
  • M. Tuna, M. Alçın, İ. Koyuncu, C. B. Fidan, and İ. Pehlivan, “High speed FPGA-based chaotic oscillator design,” Microprocess Microsyst, vol. 66, no. 2019, pp. 72–80, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.MICPRO.2019.02.012.
  • B. H. Tietche, O. Romain, B. Denby, and F. De Dieuleveult, “FPGA-based simultaneous multichannel fm broadcast receiver for audio indexing applications in consumer electronics scenarios,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1153–1161, 2012, doi: 10.1109/TCE.2012.6414980.
  • I. Koyuncu, C. Yilmaz, M. Alcin, and M. Tuna, “Design and implementation of hydrogen economy using artificial neural network on field programmable gate array,” Int J Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 41, pp. 20709–20720, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.05.181.
  • M. Ozev, Z. Ortatepe, and A. Karaarslan, “An FPGA-Based Comparative Analysis of Control Techniques for Gimbals and Fins of Missiles,” Electrica, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 160–172, May 2022, doi: 10.54614/ELECTRICA.2022.21175.
  • E. Monmasson, L. Idkhajine, M. N. Cirstea, I. Bahri, A. Tisan, and M. W. Naouar, “FPGAs in industrial control applications,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 224–243, 2011, doi: 10.1109/TII.2011.2123908.
  • H. Yu, H. Lee, S. Lee, Y. Kim, and H. M. Lee, “Recent Advances in FPGA Reverse Engineering,” Electronics 2018, Vol. 7, Page 246, vol. 7, no. 10, p. 246, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.3390/ELECTRONICS7100246.
  • F. Karataş, İ. Koyuncu, M. Alçın, and M. Tuna, “Design and implementation of FPGA-based arrhythmic ECG signals using VHDL for biomedical calibration applications,” International Advanced Researches and Engineering Journal, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 362–371, 2021, doi: 10.35860/iarej.918874.
  • E. Coşgun and A. Çelebi, “FPGA based real-time epileptic seizure prediction system,” Biocybern Biomed Eng, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 278–292, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.BBE.2021.01.006.
  • F. Karataş et al., “II. Derece AV Blok Aritmik EKG Sinyallerinin VHDL ile FPGA-Tabanlı Tasarımı,” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 1334–1345, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.35414/AKUFEMUBID.1141837.
  • N. S. Madiraju, N. Kurella, and R. Valapudasu, “FPGA Implementation of ECG feature extraction using Time domain analysis,” ArXiv, vol. abs/1802.03310, Feb. 2018, Accessed: Jul. 11, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://arxiv.org/abs/1802.03310v1
  • K. Meddah, M. K. Talha, M. Bahoura, and H. Zairi, “FPGA-based system for heart rate monitoring,” IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 771–782, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1049/IET-CDS.2018.5204.
  • H. Zairi, M. Kedir Talha, K. Meddah, and S. Ould Slimane, “FPGA-based system for artificial neural network arrhythmia classification,” Neural Comput Appl, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 4105–4120, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1007/S00521-019-04081-4/FIGURES/12.
  • F. Karatas, I. Koyuncu, M. Alçın, and M. Tuna, “Design of FPGA-based ECG Signal Using VHDL,” in 1st International Hazar Scientific Research Congress, Baku, Azerbaijan: IKSAD Publishing, 2020, pp. 114–127. Accessed: Apr. 01, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344719133
  • A. Giorgio, C. Guaragnella, and D. A. Giliberti, “Improving ECG signal denoising using wavelet transform for the prediction of malignant arrhythmias,” Int J Med Eng Inform, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 135–150, 2020, doi: 10.1504/IJMEI.2020.106898.
  • S. Jain, “FPGA-Assisted Framework for Heart Rate Evaluation using ECG Signal Processing,” in 2020 IEEE 17th India Council International Conference, INDICON 2020, New Delhi, India: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Dec. 2020. doi: 10.1109/INDICON49873.2020.9342125.
  • Y. Zhu et al., “A Multi-channel ECG Acquisition System Based on FPGA,” J Phys Conf Ser, vol. 1924, no. 1, p. 012023, May 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1924/1/012023.
  • F. Karataş, I. Koyuncu, M. Tuna, M. Alçın, E. Avcioglu, and A. Akgul, “Design and implementation of arrhythmic ECG signals for biomedical engineering applications on FPGA,” The European Physical Journal Special Topics 2021 231:5, vol. 231, no. 5, pp. 869–884, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1140/EPJS/S11734-021-00334-3.
  • F. Karataş, “VHDL ile FPGA-tabanlı EKG simülatörü tasarımı,” Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, 2021.
  • “XILINX Zynq-7000 SoC FPGA Development Board XC7Z020-ALINX.” Accessed: Jul. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://alinx.com/en/detail/273
  • “ALINX Dual Channel 14 bit 125Msps DA BNC Analog Output Module AD9767-ALINX.” Accessed: Jul. 15, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://alinx.com/en/detail/480
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Electronic Device and System Performance Evaluation, Testing and Simulation, Embedded Systems
Journal Section Issue
Authors

İsmail Koyuncu 0000-0003-4725-4879

Fatih Karataş 0000-0003-1877-5552

Murat Alçın 0000-0002-2874-7048

Murat Tuna 0000-0003-3511-1336

Project Number 119E659
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koyuncu, İ., Karataş, F., Alçın, M., Tuna, M. (2023). VHDL ile NIBP, SpO2 ve ETCO2 Yaşamsal Sinyallerin FPGA Tabanlı Tasarımı ve Gerçek Zamanlı Uygulaması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi Mühendislik Ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 454-468. https://doi.org/10.34186/klujes.1330804