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Reel Konut Fiyatlarında Balon Analizi: Türkiye Geneli, İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir Uygulaması

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 44 - 66, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1243107

Abstract

Varlık fiyatlarında balon oluşumu; hızlı fiyat artışlarıyla varlığın gerçek değeri aşması olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Konut fiyatlarında son dönemlerde yaşanan hızlı fiyat artışları da Türkiye’de konut fiyatlarında balonun varlığının sorgulanmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışmada Türkiye geneli ve İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir olmak üzere 3 büyükşehirde 2010 yılı Ocak ayı ile 2022 yılı Ekim ayı arasında konut fiyat balonunun varlığı sağ kuyruk ADF testlerinden SADF ve GSADF test yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) Elektronik Veri Dağıtım Sistemi (EVDS) üzerinden Türkiye geneli ve 3 büyükşehir için nominal hedonik yeni konut fiyat endeksleri, nominal hedonik yeni olmayan konut fiyat endeksleri ve nominal konut birim fiyatları verileri sağlanmıştır. Son yıllarda özellikle dikkat çeken enflasyon etkisi nedeniyle değişkenlerin her biri aylık Üretici Fiyat Enflasyonu (ÜFE) ile reel hale getirilerek kullanılmıştır. Çoklu fiyat balon oluşumunun tespit edildiği çalışmada özellikle 2020 yılından günümüze kadar uzanan balonun etkisinin Türkiye geneli ve 3 büyükşehirde devam ettiği görülmektedir. Yeni konutlarda, yeni olmayan konutlarda ve konut birim fiyatlarında fiyat balonlarının en az olduğu il Ankara olmuştur. Konut birim fiyatı açısından balon oluşumunda İzmir, İstanbul’u da geçerek en yüksek seviyeye ulaşan büyükşehir olarak dikkat çekmektedir.

References

  • Afşar, A., & Doğan, E. (2018). Analyzing asset of bubbles in the housing market with right-tailed unit root tests: The case of Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 7(2), 139-147.
  • Arshanapalli, B., & Nelson, W. (2008). A cointegration test to verify the housing bubble. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 2(2), 35-43.
  • Balcilar, M., Katzke, N., & Gupta, R. (2018). Date-stamping US housing market explosivity. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment EJournal, 12(2018-18), 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-18.
  • Brunnermeier, M. K. (2008). The new palgrave dictionary of economics (2. Ed.). In S. Durlauf & L. Blume (Eds.), Bubbles. Erişim tarihi: 10.01.202, https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/bubbles_survey_0.pdf.
  • Case, K. E., & Shiller, R. J. (2003). Is there a bubble in the housing market? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2003(2), 99-342.
  • Caspi, I. (2015). Testing for a housing bubble at the national and regional level: The case of Israel. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, (246), 1-39.
  • Caspi, I. (2016). Testing for a housing bubble at the national and regional level: The case of Israel. Empir Econ, 51(2), 483-516 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-015-1007-y.
  • Chan, K., McQueen, G., & Thorley, S. (1998). Are there rational speculative bubbles in Asian stock markets? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 6(1-2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-538X(97)00027-9.
  • Chen, X., & Funke, M. (2013). Renewed momentum in the German housing market: Boom or bubble? CESifo Working Paper (4287), 1-20.
  • Çadırcı, B. D., & Güner, B. (2022). TRA1 bölgesi konut piyasasında fiyat oluşumu balon mu? Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(81), 291-307. doi: 10.17755/esosder.931079.
  • Dash, M. (1999). Tulipomania: The story of the world’s most coveted flower and the extraordinary passions it aroused. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Escobari, D., & Jafarinejad, M. (2016). Date stamping bubbles in real estate investment trusts. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 60, 224-230.
  • Fabozzi, F. J., Kynigakis, I., Panopoulou, E., & Tunaru R. S. (2020). Detecting bubbles in the US and UK real estate markets. J Real Estate Finan Econ, 60, 469-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-018-9693-9.
  • Fabozzi, F. J., & Xiao, K. (2018). The timeline estimation of bubbles: The case of real estate. Real Estate Economics, 1-35.
  • Gómez-González, J. E., Ojeda-Joya, J. N., Rey-Guerra, C., & Sicard, N. (2013). Testing for bubbles in housing markets: New results using a new method. Borradores de Economía, 753, 1-11.
  • Güler, İ., & Gökçe, A. (2020). Yabancılara konut satışı ile konut balonu ilişkisinin GSADF sınamaları ile araştırılması: Türkiye geneli ve İstanbul, Antalya illeri örneği. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 55(2), 989-1007. doi: 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.05.1353.
  • İskenderoğlu, Ö., & Akdağ, S. (2019). Türkiye’de reel konut fiyatlarında balonların varlığı üzerine uygulamalı bir analiz. Business and Economics Research, 10(5), 1085-1093. doi: 10.20409/berj.2019.223.
  • Kindleberger, C. P. (1996). Manias, panics and crashes: A history of financial crises (3rd Edition). New York: Wiley.
  • Mandacı, P. E., & Çağlı, E. Ç. (2018). Türkiye konut piyasasında balon var mı? İstatistiki bölge birimleri üzerine bir analiz. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (646), 85-113.
  • Mikhed, V., & Zemčík, P. (2009). Testing for bubbles in housing markets: A panel data approach. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 38(4), 366-386.
  • Oliveira, M. M., & Almeida, A. C. (2014). Testing for rational speculative bubbles in the brazilian residential real-estate market. Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 96, 401-416.
  • Oran, A. (2011). Balonları daha iyi tanımaya çalışmak: Balon tanımları, modelleri ve lale çılgınlığı örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 151-161. Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2023, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuiibfd/issue/22731/242609.
  • Phillips, P. C. B., Wu, Y., & Yu, J. (2011). Explosive behavior in the 1990s Nasdaq: When did exuberance escalate asset values? International Economic Review, 52(1), 201-226.
  • Phillips, P. C., Shi, S., & Yu, J. (2015a). Testing for multiple bubbles: Historical episodes of exuberance and collapse in the S&P 500. International Economic Review, 56(4), 1043-1078.
  • Philips, P. C. B., Shi, S., & Yu, J. (2015b). Testing for multiple bubbles: Limit theory of dating algorithms. International Economic Review, 52, 1079-1134.
  • Shi, S., Valadkhani, A., Smyth, R., & Vahid, F. (2016). Dating the timeline of house price bubbles in Australian capital cities. Economic Record, 92(299), 590-605.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB). Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2023, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/b4628fa9-11a7-4426-aee6-dae67fc56200/KFE-Metaveri.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-b4628fa9-11a7-4426-aee6-dae67fc56200-nggYoZV.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Satis-Istatistikleri-Eylul-2022-45681.
  • Yalçın Kayacan, E. (2022). Examining the presence of ballons in Turkey’s house prices. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1255-1272. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1225910.
  • Yiu, M., Yu, J., & Jin, L.(2013).Detecting bubbles in hong kong residential property market. Journal of Asian Economics, 28(2013), 115-124.
  • Zeren, F., & Ergüzel, O. Ş. (2015). Testing for bubbles in the housing market: Further evidence from Turkey. Financial Studies, 19(1), 40-52.

Bubble Analysis in Real Housing Prices: Application Across Türkiye, Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 44 - 66, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1243107

Abstract

Bubble in asset prices; It is defined as the asset's excess of real value with rapid price increases. The recent rapid price increases in housing prices also cause the existence of a bubble in housing prices in Türkiye to be questioned. In the study, the presence of a housing price bubble between January 2010 and October 2022 in across Türkiye and 3 metropolitan cities, namely Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir, was analyzed with the SADF and GSADF test methods, which are Right-Tailed ADF tests. Nominal hedonic new house price indices, nominal hedonic non-new house price indices and nominal house unit prices data for the across Türkiye and 3 metropolitan cities are provided via the Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye (CBRT) Electronic Data Distribution System (EDDS). Due to the inflation effect, which has been particularly striking in recent years, each of the variables has been used in real terms with monthly Producer Price Inflation (PPI). In the study, in which the multiple price bubbles was determined, it is seen that the effect of the bubble extending from 2020 to the present continues across Türkiye and in 3 metropolitan cities. Ankara was the province with the lowest price bubbles in new housing, non-new housing and housing unit prices. In terms of housing unit price, İzmir draws attention as the metropolitan city that reached the highest level by surpassing Istanbul in bubble formation.

References

  • Afşar, A., & Doğan, E. (2018). Analyzing asset of bubbles in the housing market with right-tailed unit root tests: The case of Turkey. Journal of Business, Economics and Finance, 7(2), 139-147.
  • Arshanapalli, B., & Nelson, W. (2008). A cointegration test to verify the housing bubble. The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 2(2), 35-43.
  • Balcilar, M., Katzke, N., & Gupta, R. (2018). Date-stamping US housing market explosivity. Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment EJournal, 12(2018-18), 1-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-18.
  • Brunnermeier, M. K. (2008). The new palgrave dictionary of economics (2. Ed.). In S. Durlauf & L. Blume (Eds.), Bubbles. Erişim tarihi: 10.01.202, https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/bubbles_survey_0.pdf.
  • Case, K. E., & Shiller, R. J. (2003). Is there a bubble in the housing market? Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2003(2), 99-342.
  • Caspi, I. (2015). Testing for a housing bubble at the national and regional level: The case of Israel. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas Globalization and Monetary Policy Institute, (246), 1-39.
  • Caspi, I. (2016). Testing for a housing bubble at the national and regional level: The case of Israel. Empir Econ, 51(2), 483-516 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-015-1007-y.
  • Chan, K., McQueen, G., & Thorley, S. (1998). Are there rational speculative bubbles in Asian stock markets? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 6(1-2), 125-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-538X(97)00027-9.
  • Chen, X., & Funke, M. (2013). Renewed momentum in the German housing market: Boom or bubble? CESifo Working Paper (4287), 1-20.
  • Çadırcı, B. D., & Güner, B. (2022). TRA1 bölgesi konut piyasasında fiyat oluşumu balon mu? Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(81), 291-307. doi: 10.17755/esosder.931079.
  • Dash, M. (1999). Tulipomania: The story of the world’s most coveted flower and the extraordinary passions it aroused. New York: Three Rivers Press.
  • Escobari, D., & Jafarinejad, M. (2016). Date stamping bubbles in real estate investment trusts. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 60, 224-230.
  • Fabozzi, F. J., Kynigakis, I., Panopoulou, E., & Tunaru R. S. (2020). Detecting bubbles in the US and UK real estate markets. J Real Estate Finan Econ, 60, 469-513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-018-9693-9.
  • Fabozzi, F. J., & Xiao, K. (2018). The timeline estimation of bubbles: The case of real estate. Real Estate Economics, 1-35.
  • Gómez-González, J. E., Ojeda-Joya, J. N., Rey-Guerra, C., & Sicard, N. (2013). Testing for bubbles in housing markets: New results using a new method. Borradores de Economía, 753, 1-11.
  • Güler, İ., & Gökçe, A. (2020). Yabancılara konut satışı ile konut balonu ilişkisinin GSADF sınamaları ile araştırılması: Türkiye geneli ve İstanbul, Antalya illeri örneği. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 55(2), 989-1007. doi: 10.15659/3.sektor-sosyal-ekonomi.20.05.1353.
  • İskenderoğlu, Ö., & Akdağ, S. (2019). Türkiye’de reel konut fiyatlarında balonların varlığı üzerine uygulamalı bir analiz. Business and Economics Research, 10(5), 1085-1093. doi: 10.20409/berj.2019.223.
  • Kindleberger, C. P. (1996). Manias, panics and crashes: A history of financial crises (3rd Edition). New York: Wiley.
  • Mandacı, P. E., & Çağlı, E. Ç. (2018). Türkiye konut piyasasında balon var mı? İstatistiki bölge birimleri üzerine bir analiz. Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (646), 85-113.
  • Mikhed, V., & Zemčík, P. (2009). Testing for bubbles in housing markets: A panel data approach. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 38(4), 366-386.
  • Oliveira, M. M., & Almeida, A. C. (2014). Testing for rational speculative bubbles in the brazilian residential real-estate market. Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 96, 401-416.
  • Oran, A. (2011). Balonları daha iyi tanımaya çalışmak: Balon tanımları, modelleri ve lale çılgınlığı örneği. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1), 151-161. Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2023, https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuiibfd/issue/22731/242609.
  • Phillips, P. C. B., Wu, Y., & Yu, J. (2011). Explosive behavior in the 1990s Nasdaq: When did exuberance escalate asset values? International Economic Review, 52(1), 201-226.
  • Phillips, P. C., Shi, S., & Yu, J. (2015a). Testing for multiple bubbles: Historical episodes of exuberance and collapse in the S&P 500. International Economic Review, 56(4), 1043-1078.
  • Philips, P. C. B., Shi, S., & Yu, J. (2015b). Testing for multiple bubbles: Limit theory of dating algorithms. International Economic Review, 52, 1079-1134.
  • Shi, S., Valadkhani, A., Smyth, R., & Vahid, F. (2016). Dating the timeline of house price bubbles in Australian capital cities. Economic Record, 92(299), 590-605.
  • Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB). Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2023, https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/b4628fa9-11a7-4426-aee6-dae67fc56200/KFE-Metaveri.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-b4628fa9-11a7-4426-aee6-dae67fc56200-nggYoZV.
  • Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK). Erişim tarihi: 12.01.2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Konut-Satis-Istatistikleri-Eylul-2022-45681.
  • Yalçın Kayacan, E. (2022). Examining the presence of ballons in Turkey’s house prices. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(4), 1255-1272. https://doi.org/10.18037/ausbd.1225910.
  • Yiu, M., Yu, J., & Jin, L.(2013).Detecting bubbles in hong kong residential property market. Journal of Asian Economics, 28(2013), 115-124.
  • Zeren, F., & Ergüzel, O. Ş. (2015). Testing for bubbles in the housing market: Further evidence from Turkey. Financial Studies, 19(1), 40-52.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gizem Vergili 0000-0003-1125-1772

Publication Date March 27, 2023
Acceptance Date February 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Vergili, G. (2023). Reel Konut Fiyatlarında Balon Analizi: Türkiye Geneli, İstanbul, Ankara ve İzmir Uygulaması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 44-66. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1243107


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