Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite
Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1087 - 1105, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104

Abstract

References

  • Aagaard, J. (2019). Digital akrasia: A qualitative study of phubbing. AI & Socıety, 1-8.
  • Aktaş, H., & Yılmaz, N. (2017). Üniversite gençlerinin yalnızlık ve utangaçlık unsurları açısından akıllı telefon bağımlılığı. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 85-100.
  • Aktürk, Ü., Budak, F., Gültekin, A., & Özdemir, A. (2018). Comparison of smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school and university students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(4), 564-570.
  • Al-Saggaf, Y., MacCulloch, R., & Wiener, K. (2018). Trait Boredom Is a Predictor of Phubbing Frequency. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-018-0080-4.
  • Al‐Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.137.
  • Apaolaza, V., Hartmann, P., D'Souza, C., & Gilsanz, A. (2019). Mindfulness, compulsive mobile social media use, and derived stress: The mediating roles of self-esteem and social anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(6), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0681.
  • Avan, O. ve Çakmak, S. (2020). The relationship between loneliness, solitude and self-esteem in university students. Anatolian Turk Education Journal, 2(1), 19-35.
  • Balcı, Ş., Karakoç, E., & Öğüt, N. (2020). Social media addiction among healthcare professionals: the role of two-dimensional self-esteem. Akdeniz University Faculty of Communication Journal, 33, 296-317. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.693279.
  • Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the true me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48.
  • Barrios-Borjas, D. A., Bejar-Ramos, V. A., & Cauchos-Mora, V. S. (2017). Uso excesivo de Smartphones/teléfonos celulares: Phubbing y nomofobia. RevistaCchilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 55(3), 205-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92272017000300205.
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014). Smartphone addiction: Linking loneliness, shyness, symptoms and patterns of use to social capital. Media Asia, 41(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012.
  • Błachnio, A., & Przepiorka, A. (2019). Be aware! If you start using Facebook problematically you will feel lonely: Phubbing, loneliness, self-esteem, and Facebook intrusion. A cross-sectional study. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318754490.
  • Bozorgpour, F., & Salimi, A. (2012). State self-esteem, loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2004-2008.
  • Bragazzi, N. L., Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychology Research & Behavior Management, 7, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S41386.
  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, W. T. ve Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.55.6.991.
  • Carducci, B. J. (2000). Shyness: The new solution. Psychology Today, 33(1), 38-46.
  • Carvajal, E. T. (2017). Families and technologies. What about the phubbing in Mexico? Horyzonty Wychowania, 16(37), 59-69.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2006). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. CyberPsychology & behavior, 10(2), 234-242.
  • Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet addiction and internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(5), 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.559.
  • Chayko, M. (2008). Portable communities: The social dynamics of online and mobile connectedness. New York: Suny Press.
  • Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., & Malcarne, V. L. (2002). Scrutinizing the relationship between shyness and social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(6), 585-598.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330– 339.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330.
  • Choi, H. J., & Yoo, J. H. (2015). A study on the relationship between self-esteem, social support, smartphone dependency, internet game dependency of college students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research, 21(1), 78-84.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the generic scale of being phubbed (GSBP). Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.020..
  • Çizmeci, E. (2017). Disconnected, though satisfied: Phubbing behavior and relationship satisfaction. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 7(2), 364-375.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1986). Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Coşkun H. (2009). Etkileşim kaygısı ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(23), 41-49.
  • Davey, S., Davey, A., Raghav, S. K., Singh, J. V., Singh, N., Blachnio, A., & Przepiórkaa, A. (2018). Predictors and consequences of “Phubbing” among adolescents and youth in India: An impact evaluation study. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 25(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_71_17.
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., & Van Tilburg, T. (1999). Living arrangements of older adults in the Netherlands and Italy: Coresidence values and behaviour and their consequences for loneliness. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600825693.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). Relation between social interaction anxiety and happiness students: Intermediary role of solidute. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 195-210.
  • De Pasquale, C., Sciacca, F., & Hichy, Z. (2015). Smartphone addiction and dissociative experience: An investigation in Italian adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis, 109(1), 1-4.
  • Dobrean, A., & Păsărelu, C. R. (2016). Impact of social media on social anxiety: A systematic. In, F., Durbano., & B., Marchesi (Eds.), New developments in anxiety disorders (pp. 129-145). Croatia: SPI Global.
  • Doğan, T., Akıncı Çötok, N., Göçet Tekin, E. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS8) among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2058–2062.
  • Elhai, J.D., Tiamiyu, M., & Weeks, J. (2018). Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use: The prominent role of rumination. Internet Research, 28(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2017- 0019.
  • Erol, O., & Çırak, N. S. (2019). Exploring the loneliness and internet addiction level of college students based on demographic variables. Contemporary Educational Technology, 10(2), 156-172.
  • Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., van Rooij, A., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (10), 2319. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph15102319.
  • Garrido, E. C., & Delgado, S. C. (2017). Phubbing. Conectados a la red y desconectados de la trueidad. Un análisis en relación al bienestar psicológico. Píxel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, (50), 173-185. https://doi:10.12795/pixelbit.2017.i50.12.
  • Geser, H. (2006). Is the cell phone undermining the social order? Understanding mobile technology from a sociological perspective. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 19(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839404034- 001.
  • Gezgin, D.M., Ümmet, D. ve Hamutoğlu, N.B. (2020) Üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı: Çok boyutlu yalnızlığın yordayıcı rolü. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10(2), 317-329.
  • González-Rivera, J., Segura-Abreu, L., & Urbistondo-Rodríguez, V. (2018). Phubbing en las relaciones románticas: Uso del celular, satisfacción en la pareja, bienestar psicológico y salud mental. Interacciones, 81- 91. https://doi.org/10.24016/2018.v4n2.117.
  • Grieve, R., March, E., & Watkinson, J. (2020). Inauthentic self-presentation on facebook as a function of vulnerable narcissism and lower self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.020.
  • Han, L., Geng, J., Jou, M., Gao, F., & Yang, H. (2017). Relationship between shyness and mobile phone addiction in Chinese young adults: Mediating roles of self-control and attachment anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.036.
  • Hanika, I. M. (2015). Fenomena phubbing di era milenia (ketergantungan seseorang pada smartphone terhadap lingkungannya). Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(1), 42-51.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression- based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. The PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional PROCESS analysis, second edition: A regression-based approach.
  • Hays, R.D., & DiMatteo, M.R. (1987). A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 69-81.
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340.
  • Hu, C., Kumar, S., Huang, J., & Ratnavelu, K. (2017). Disinhibition of negative true self for identity reconstructions in cyberspace: Advancing self-discrepancy theory for virtual setting. PloS one, 12(4), e0175623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175623.
  • Huan, V. S., Ang, R. P., & Chye, S. (2014). Loneliness and shyness in adolescent problematic internet users: The role of social anxiety. Child & Youth Care Forum 43(5), 539-551.
  • Iancu, I., Bodner, E., & Ben-Zion, I. Z. (2015). Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018
  • Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness as causes of FA: The moderating effect of low self-control. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5358-5369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00465-w.
  • Ishaq, G., Solomon, V., & Khan, O. (2017). Relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among university students living in hostels. International Journal of Research, 6(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/110.5861/ijrsp.2017.1735.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, Y., & Shypenka, V. (2018). Loneliness, individualism, and smartphone addiction among international students in China. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(11), 711-718. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0115.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak-Şahin, B., ... & Babadağ, B. (2016). The virtual world's current addiction: Phubbing. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 3(2), 223-269. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013.
  • Kashdan, T. B., & McKnight, P. E. (2010). The darker side of social anxiety: When aggressive impulsivity prevails over shy inhibition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721409359280.
  • Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.002.
  • King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025.
  • Koydemir, S. (2006). Predictors of shyness among university students: Testing a self-presentational model. Doctorate thesis. Middle East Technical University, Social Sciences Institute, Ankara.
  • Krasnova, H., Abramova, O., Notter, I., & Baumann, A. (2016). Why phubbing is toxic for your relationship: Understanding the role of smartphone jealousy among “Generation Y” users. Ecıs, 109. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/21445/1/Sabrina_Adams.
  • Kurtyılmaz, Y., Can, G., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişkisel saldırganlık ile benlik saygısı, sosyal bağlılık ve sosyal kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 33-52.
  • Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2014). Can you guess who I am? True, ideal, and false self- presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442.
  • Lee, B. W., & Stapinski, L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001.
  • Leary M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: Construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61 (1), 136- 146.
  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1995). Social anxiety. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022.
  • Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. (2016). Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 620.
  • Malita, L. (2011). Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.123.
  • McKenna, K. Y., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction?. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31
  • Meral, G. (2018). Is digital addiction a reason for obesity. Age, 11(18), 14-50.
  • Mert, A. ve Özdemir, G. (2018). Yalnızlık duygusunun akıllı telefon bağımlılığına etkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 88-107.
  • Moretta, T., & Buodo, G. (2020). Problematic internet use and loneliness: How complex is the relationship? A short literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 7(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00305-z.
  • Munatirah, H., & Anisah, N.M (2018). Intensitas penggunaan smartphone terhadap perilaku phubbing (Studipenelitian pada masyarakat kota banda aceh yang mengunjungi warung kopi di kecamatan leung bata). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 3(1), 1-14.
  • Nazir, T., & Pişkin, M. (2016). Phubbing: A technological invasion which connected the world but disconnected humans. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 39-46.
  • O'Day, E. B., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Social anxiety, loneliness, and the moderating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(9), 751-773.
  • Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Ross, C., Simmering, M. G., Arseneault, J. M., & Orr, R. R. (2009). The influence of shyness on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate sample. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(3), 337-340.
  • Park, H., & Choi, E. (2017). Smartphone addiction and depression: The mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience among middle school students. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 28(3), 280-290.
  • Pancani, L., Gerosa, T., Gui, M., & Riva, P. (2020). Mom, dad, look at me: The development of the Parental Phubbing Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520964866.
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, 123-134.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Assessing mediation in communication research (pp. 13-54). London: The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research.
  • Pugh, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between smartphone addiction, social anxiety, self-esteem, age & gender. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the BA Hons in Psychology, http://hdl.handle.net/10788/3329.
  • Ran, G., Zhang, Q., & Huang, H. (2018). Behavioral inhibition system and self-esteem as mediators between shyness and social anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 270, 568-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.017.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2020). Boss phubbing, trust, job satisfaction and employee performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109702.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, ımplications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist`s view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
  • Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-İmage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Saygılı, G., Kesecioğlu, T. İ., & Kırıktaş, H. (2015). The effect of educational level on self-esteem. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 4(2), 210-217.
  • Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641.
  • Scott, C. R. (2004). Benefits and drawbacks of anonymous online communication: legal challenges and communicative recommendations. Free Speech Yearbook 41(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997225.2004.10556309.
  • Seema, G. B., & Kumar, G. V. (2017). Self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescent students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12(2), 247-254.
  • Stevens, J. A. (1997). Utangaçlığınızı yenin: Düşünce tarzınızı değiştirin, yaşamınızı değiştirin. (trans. G. Tümer). HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Stieger, S., & Burger, C. (2010). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in the context of internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(6), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0426
  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295.
  • Şahan, M., & Çapan, B. E. (2017). Ergenlerin problemli internet kullanımında kişilerarası ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların ve sosyal kaygının rolü. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 887-913.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Pearson.
  • Tackett, S. L., Nelson, L. J., & Busby, D. M. (2013). Shyness and relationship satisfaction: Evaluating the associations between shyness, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction in couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(1), 34-45.
  • Tan, J., Lo, P., Ge, N., & Chu, C. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and social anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 44(8), 1297-1304.
  • Tang, S. Y., & Gao, F. Q. (2016). The regulating effect of social support in dealing with shyness and internet addiction. J Lianyungang Norm College, 113, 71-73.
  • Tosun, L. P., & Lajunen, T. (2010). Does Internet use reflect your personality? Relationship between Eysenck’s personality dimensions and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.010.
  • Uba, I., Yaacob, S. N., Juhari, R., & Talib, M. A. (2020). Does self-esteem mediate the relationship between loneliness and depression among Malaysian teenagers?. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20 (1), 179-188.
  • Wang, P., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2017). Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.079.
  • Wang, P., X. Xie, X. Wang, X. Wang, F. Zhao, X. Chu, and L. Lei. (2018). The need to belong and adolescent authentic self-presentation on SNSs: A moderated mediation model ınvolving fomo and perceived social support. Personality & Individual Differences, 128,133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.035.
  • We Are Social (2020a). Digital in 2020. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020.
  • Wei R., Lo V.H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media and Society, 8, 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444806059870
  • Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadif, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A., & Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9.
  • Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotion and social isolation. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • Yam, F. C., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Adaptation of general phubbing scale to Turkish culture and investigation of phubbing levels of university students in terms of various variables. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.19061.
  • Yam, F. C., & Ilhan, T. (2020). Holistic technological addiction of modern age: Phubbing. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.551299.
  • Yam, F.C. (2021). Investigation on the perceived partner phubbing levels of individuals in terms of some variable [Oral Presantation]. International Symposium of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University (February, 22‐25), Bandırma, Turkey.
  • Yam, F. C. (2023). The relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality. Psychological Reports, 126(1), 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221144611.
  • Yan, L. F., & Wan, J. C. (2017). Current situation and reason analysis of phubbing? Mobile phone addiction. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), (1), 3-11.
  • Yılmaz, G., Şar, A. H., & Civan, S. (2015). Investigation of adolescent mobile phone addiction by social anxiety effect of some variable. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 2(2), 20-37.
  • Yin, L., Wang, P., Nie, J., Guo, J., Feng, J., & Lei, L. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: The mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong. Current Psychology, 40, 3879–3887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00344-4.
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.
  • Youssef, L., Hallit, R., Kheir, N., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2020). Social media use disorder and loneliness: any association between the two? Results of a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults. BMC Psychology, 8, 1-7.
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Self-esteem and humor style as mediators of the effects of shyness on loneliness among Chinese college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(6), 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.024
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2013). The role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between shyness and loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 577-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.003.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading. MA: Perseus Press.

Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1087 - 1105, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the serial mediating roles of shyness, interaction anxiety, interaction anxiety, and true self-perception on the internet in the relationship between self-esteem and phubbing. A total of 646 people, including 391 women (60.5%) and 255 men (39.5%), participated in the study. The ages of the study participants ranged from 18 to 45 (mean= 28.11, SD= 8.25) data from the research were collected with the Self-Esteem Scale, Interaction Anxiety Scale, General Phubbing Scale, Revised Buss and Check Shyness Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale- Short Form, and True Me on the Net Scale. The descriptive statistics of the data collected in the study were calculated and correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationships between the variables. Mediation analyses in the research were made by using Hayes process macro-Model 6. As a result of serial mediation analysis, it is seen that the total effect of self-esteem on phubbing is significant. In addition, it was found that shyness, loneliness, interaction anxiety, and true self-perception on the internet had a significant direct effect on phubbing. Finally, shyness, interaction anxiety, loneliness, and true self-perception on the internet were found to have significant multiple serial mediating roles in the relationship between self-esteem and phubbing.

References

  • Aagaard, J. (2019). Digital akrasia: A qualitative study of phubbing. AI & Socıety, 1-8.
  • Aktaş, H., & Yılmaz, N. (2017). Üniversite gençlerinin yalnızlık ve utangaçlık unsurları açısından akıllı telefon bağımlılığı. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 85-100.
  • Aktürk, Ü., Budak, F., Gültekin, A., & Özdemir, A. (2018). Comparison of smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school and university students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(4), 564-570.
  • Al-Saggaf, Y., MacCulloch, R., & Wiener, K. (2018). Trait Boredom Is a Predictor of Phubbing Frequency. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-018-0080-4.
  • Al‐Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.137.
  • Apaolaza, V., Hartmann, P., D'Souza, C., & Gilsanz, A. (2019). Mindfulness, compulsive mobile social media use, and derived stress: The mediating roles of self-esteem and social anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(6), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0681.
  • Avan, O. ve Çakmak, S. (2020). The relationship between loneliness, solitude and self-esteem in university students. Anatolian Turk Education Journal, 2(1), 19-35.
  • Balcı, Ş., Karakoç, E., & Öğüt, N. (2020). Social media addiction among healthcare professionals: the role of two-dimensional self-esteem. Akdeniz University Faculty of Communication Journal, 33, 296-317. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.693279.
  • Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the true me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48.
  • Barrios-Borjas, D. A., Bejar-Ramos, V. A., & Cauchos-Mora, V. S. (2017). Uso excesivo de Smartphones/teléfonos celulares: Phubbing y nomofobia. RevistaCchilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 55(3), 205-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92272017000300205.
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014). Smartphone addiction: Linking loneliness, shyness, symptoms and patterns of use to social capital. Media Asia, 41(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012.
  • Błachnio, A., & Przepiorka, A. (2019). Be aware! If you start using Facebook problematically you will feel lonely: Phubbing, loneliness, self-esteem, and Facebook intrusion. A cross-sectional study. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318754490.
  • Bozorgpour, F., & Salimi, A. (2012). State self-esteem, loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2004-2008.
  • Bragazzi, N. L., Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychology Research & Behavior Management, 7, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S41386.
  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, W. T. ve Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.55.6.991.
  • Carducci, B. J. (2000). Shyness: The new solution. Psychology Today, 33(1), 38-46.
  • Carvajal, E. T. (2017). Families and technologies. What about the phubbing in Mexico? Horyzonty Wychowania, 16(37), 59-69.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2006). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. CyberPsychology & behavior, 10(2), 234-242.
  • Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet addiction and internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(5), 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.559.
  • Chayko, M. (2008). Portable communities: The social dynamics of online and mobile connectedness. New York: Suny Press.
  • Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., & Malcarne, V. L. (2002). Scrutinizing the relationship between shyness and social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(6), 585-598.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330– 339.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330.
  • Choi, H. J., & Yoo, J. H. (2015). A study on the relationship between self-esteem, social support, smartphone dependency, internet game dependency of college students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research, 21(1), 78-84.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the generic scale of being phubbed (GSBP). Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.020..
  • Çizmeci, E. (2017). Disconnected, though satisfied: Phubbing behavior and relationship satisfaction. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 7(2), 364-375.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1986). Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Coşkun H. (2009). Etkileşim kaygısı ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(23), 41-49.
  • Davey, S., Davey, A., Raghav, S. K., Singh, J. V., Singh, N., Blachnio, A., & Przepiórkaa, A. (2018). Predictors and consequences of “Phubbing” among adolescents and youth in India: An impact evaluation study. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 25(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_71_17.
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., & Van Tilburg, T. (1999). Living arrangements of older adults in the Netherlands and Italy: Coresidence values and behaviour and their consequences for loneliness. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600825693.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). Relation between social interaction anxiety and happiness students: Intermediary role of solidute. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 195-210.
  • De Pasquale, C., Sciacca, F., & Hichy, Z. (2015). Smartphone addiction and dissociative experience: An investigation in Italian adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis, 109(1), 1-4.
  • Dobrean, A., & Păsărelu, C. R. (2016). Impact of social media on social anxiety: A systematic. In, F., Durbano., & B., Marchesi (Eds.), New developments in anxiety disorders (pp. 129-145). Croatia: SPI Global.
  • Doğan, T., Akıncı Çötok, N., Göçet Tekin, E. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS8) among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2058–2062.
  • Elhai, J.D., Tiamiyu, M., & Weeks, J. (2018). Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use: The prominent role of rumination. Internet Research, 28(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2017- 0019.
  • Erol, O., & Çırak, N. S. (2019). Exploring the loneliness and internet addiction level of college students based on demographic variables. Contemporary Educational Technology, 10(2), 156-172.
  • Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., van Rooij, A., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (10), 2319. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph15102319.
  • Garrido, E. C., & Delgado, S. C. (2017). Phubbing. Conectados a la red y desconectados de la trueidad. Un análisis en relación al bienestar psicológico. Píxel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, (50), 173-185. https://doi:10.12795/pixelbit.2017.i50.12.
  • Geser, H. (2006). Is the cell phone undermining the social order? Understanding mobile technology from a sociological perspective. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 19(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839404034- 001.
  • Gezgin, D.M., Ümmet, D. ve Hamutoğlu, N.B. (2020) Üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı: Çok boyutlu yalnızlığın yordayıcı rolü. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10(2), 317-329.
  • González-Rivera, J., Segura-Abreu, L., & Urbistondo-Rodríguez, V. (2018). Phubbing en las relaciones románticas: Uso del celular, satisfacción en la pareja, bienestar psicológico y salud mental. Interacciones, 81- 91. https://doi.org/10.24016/2018.v4n2.117.
  • Grieve, R., March, E., & Watkinson, J. (2020). Inauthentic self-presentation on facebook as a function of vulnerable narcissism and lower self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.020.
  • Han, L., Geng, J., Jou, M., Gao, F., & Yang, H. (2017). Relationship between shyness and mobile phone addiction in Chinese young adults: Mediating roles of self-control and attachment anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.036.
  • Hanika, I. M. (2015). Fenomena phubbing di era milenia (ketergantungan seseorang pada smartphone terhadap lingkungannya). Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(1), 42-51.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression- based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. The PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional PROCESS analysis, second edition: A regression-based approach.
  • Hays, R.D., & DiMatteo, M.R. (1987). A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 69-81.
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340.
  • Hu, C., Kumar, S., Huang, J., & Ratnavelu, K. (2017). Disinhibition of negative true self for identity reconstructions in cyberspace: Advancing self-discrepancy theory for virtual setting. PloS one, 12(4), e0175623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175623.
  • Huan, V. S., Ang, R. P., & Chye, S. (2014). Loneliness and shyness in adolescent problematic internet users: The role of social anxiety. Child & Youth Care Forum 43(5), 539-551.
  • Iancu, I., Bodner, E., & Ben-Zion, I. Z. (2015). Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018
  • Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness as causes of FA: The moderating effect of low self-control. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5358-5369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00465-w.
  • Ishaq, G., Solomon, V., & Khan, O. (2017). Relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among university students living in hostels. International Journal of Research, 6(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/110.5861/ijrsp.2017.1735.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, Y., & Shypenka, V. (2018). Loneliness, individualism, and smartphone addiction among international students in China. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(11), 711-718. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0115.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak-Şahin, B., ... & Babadağ, B. (2016). The virtual world's current addiction: Phubbing. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 3(2), 223-269. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013.
  • Kashdan, T. B., & McKnight, P. E. (2010). The darker side of social anxiety: When aggressive impulsivity prevails over shy inhibition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721409359280.
  • Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.002.
  • King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025.
  • Koydemir, S. (2006). Predictors of shyness among university students: Testing a self-presentational model. Doctorate thesis. Middle East Technical University, Social Sciences Institute, Ankara.
  • Krasnova, H., Abramova, O., Notter, I., & Baumann, A. (2016). Why phubbing is toxic for your relationship: Understanding the role of smartphone jealousy among “Generation Y” users. Ecıs, 109. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/21445/1/Sabrina_Adams.
  • Kurtyılmaz, Y., Can, G., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişkisel saldırganlık ile benlik saygısı, sosyal bağlılık ve sosyal kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 33-52.
  • Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2014). Can you guess who I am? True, ideal, and false self- presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442.
  • Lee, B. W., & Stapinski, L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001.
  • Leary M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: Construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61 (1), 136- 146.
  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1995). Social anxiety. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022.
  • Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. (2016). Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 620.
  • Malita, L. (2011). Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.123.
  • McKenna, K. Y., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction?. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31
  • Meral, G. (2018). Is digital addiction a reason for obesity. Age, 11(18), 14-50.
  • Mert, A. ve Özdemir, G. (2018). Yalnızlık duygusunun akıllı telefon bağımlılığına etkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 88-107.
  • Moretta, T., & Buodo, G. (2020). Problematic internet use and loneliness: How complex is the relationship? A short literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 7(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00305-z.
  • Munatirah, H., & Anisah, N.M (2018). Intensitas penggunaan smartphone terhadap perilaku phubbing (Studipenelitian pada masyarakat kota banda aceh yang mengunjungi warung kopi di kecamatan leung bata). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 3(1), 1-14.
  • Nazir, T., & Pişkin, M. (2016). Phubbing: A technological invasion which connected the world but disconnected humans. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 39-46.
  • O'Day, E. B., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Social anxiety, loneliness, and the moderating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(9), 751-773.
  • Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Ross, C., Simmering, M. G., Arseneault, J. M., & Orr, R. R. (2009). The influence of shyness on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate sample. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(3), 337-340.
  • Park, H., & Choi, E. (2017). Smartphone addiction and depression: The mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience among middle school students. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 28(3), 280-290.
  • Pancani, L., Gerosa, T., Gui, M., & Riva, P. (2020). Mom, dad, look at me: The development of the Parental Phubbing Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520964866.
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, 123-134.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Assessing mediation in communication research (pp. 13-54). London: The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research.
  • Pugh, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between smartphone addiction, social anxiety, self-esteem, age & gender. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the BA Hons in Psychology, http://hdl.handle.net/10788/3329.
  • Ran, G., Zhang, Q., & Huang, H. (2018). Behavioral inhibition system and self-esteem as mediators between shyness and social anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 270, 568-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.017.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2020). Boss phubbing, trust, job satisfaction and employee performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109702.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, ımplications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist`s view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
  • Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-İmage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Saygılı, G., Kesecioğlu, T. İ., & Kırıktaş, H. (2015). The effect of educational level on self-esteem. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 4(2), 210-217.
  • Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641.
  • Scott, C. R. (2004). Benefits and drawbacks of anonymous online communication: legal challenges and communicative recommendations. Free Speech Yearbook 41(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997225.2004.10556309.
  • Seema, G. B., & Kumar, G. V. (2017). Self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescent students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12(2), 247-254.
  • Stevens, J. A. (1997). Utangaçlığınızı yenin: Düşünce tarzınızı değiştirin, yaşamınızı değiştirin. (trans. G. Tümer). HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Stieger, S., & Burger, C. (2010). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in the context of internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(6), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0426
  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295.
  • Şahan, M., & Çapan, B. E. (2017). Ergenlerin problemli internet kullanımında kişilerarası ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların ve sosyal kaygının rolü. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 887-913.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Pearson.
  • Tackett, S. L., Nelson, L. J., & Busby, D. M. (2013). Shyness and relationship satisfaction: Evaluating the associations between shyness, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction in couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(1), 34-45.
  • Tan, J., Lo, P., Ge, N., & Chu, C. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and social anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 44(8), 1297-1304.
  • Tang, S. Y., & Gao, F. Q. (2016). The regulating effect of social support in dealing with shyness and internet addiction. J Lianyungang Norm College, 113, 71-73.
  • Tosun, L. P., & Lajunen, T. (2010). Does Internet use reflect your personality? Relationship between Eysenck’s personality dimensions and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.010.
  • Uba, I., Yaacob, S. N., Juhari, R., & Talib, M. A. (2020). Does self-esteem mediate the relationship between loneliness and depression among Malaysian teenagers?. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20 (1), 179-188.
  • Wang, P., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2017). Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.079.
  • Wang, P., X. Xie, X. Wang, X. Wang, F. Zhao, X. Chu, and L. Lei. (2018). The need to belong and adolescent authentic self-presentation on SNSs: A moderated mediation model ınvolving fomo and perceived social support. Personality & Individual Differences, 128,133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.035.
  • We Are Social (2020a). Digital in 2020. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020.
  • Wei R., Lo V.H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media and Society, 8, 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444806059870
  • Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadif, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A., & Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9.
  • Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotion and social isolation. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • Yam, F. C., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Adaptation of general phubbing scale to Turkish culture and investigation of phubbing levels of university students in terms of various variables. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.19061.
  • Yam, F. C., & Ilhan, T. (2020). Holistic technological addiction of modern age: Phubbing. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.551299.
  • Yam, F.C. (2021). Investigation on the perceived partner phubbing levels of individuals in terms of some variable [Oral Presantation]. International Symposium of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University (February, 22‐25), Bandırma, Turkey.
  • Yam, F. C. (2023). The relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality. Psychological Reports, 126(1), 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221144611.
  • Yan, L. F., & Wan, J. C. (2017). Current situation and reason analysis of phubbing? Mobile phone addiction. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), (1), 3-11.
  • Yılmaz, G., Şar, A. H., & Civan, S. (2015). Investigation of adolescent mobile phone addiction by social anxiety effect of some variable. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 2(2), 20-37.
  • Yin, L., Wang, P., Nie, J., Guo, J., Feng, J., & Lei, L. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: The mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong. Current Psychology, 40, 3879–3887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00344-4.
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.
  • Youssef, L., Hallit, R., Kheir, N., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2020). Social media use disorder and loneliness: any association between the two? Results of a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults. BMC Psychology, 8, 1-7.
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Self-esteem and humor style as mediators of the effects of shyness on loneliness among Chinese college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(6), 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.024
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2013). The role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between shyness and loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 577-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.003.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading. MA: Perseus Press.

Genç Yetişkinlerin Phubbing Davranışları Üzerinde Etkili Olan Psikolojik Faktörlerin Farklı Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleriyle İncelenmesi

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 1087 - 1105, 17.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104

Abstract

Bu çalışma, benlik saygısı ve phubbing arasındaki ilişkide utangaçlık, etkileşim kaygısı, etkileşim kaygısı ve internette gerçek benlik algısının seri aracı rollerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmaya 391 kadın (%60.5) ve 255 erkek (%39.5) olmak üzere toplam 646 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmaya katılanların yaşları 18 ile 45 arasında değişmektedir (ortalama= 28.11, SD= 8.25). Araştırmanın verileri Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Etkileşim Kaygısı Ölçeği, Genel Phubbing Ölçeği, Revize Edilmiş Buss ve Çek Çekingenlik Ölçeği, UCLA Yalnızlık Ölçeği- Kısa Formu ve İnternette Gerçek Ben Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmada toplanan verilerin betimsel istatistikleri hesaplanmış ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemek için korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada aracılık analizleri süreç Hayes makro-Model 6 kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Seri aracılık analizi sonucunda benlik saygısının phubbing üzerindeki toplam etkisinin anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca utangaçlık, yalnızlık, etkileşim kaygısı ve internette gerçek benlik algısının phubbing üzerinde anlamlı bir doğrudan etkiye sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Son olarak, utangaçlık, etkileşim kaygısı, yalnızlık ve internette gerçek benlik algısının benlik saygısı ve phubbing arasındaki ilişkide anlamlı çoklu seri aracılık rollerine sahip olduğu bulunmuştur.

References

  • Aagaard, J. (2019). Digital akrasia: A qualitative study of phubbing. AI & Socıety, 1-8.
  • Aktaş, H., & Yılmaz, N. (2017). Üniversite gençlerinin yalnızlık ve utangaçlık unsurları açısından akıllı telefon bağımlılığı. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 3(1), 85-100.
  • Aktürk, Ü., Budak, F., Gültekin, A., & Özdemir, A. (2018). Comparison of smartphone addiction and loneliness in high school and university students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 54(4), 564-570.
  • Al-Saggaf, Y., MacCulloch, R., & Wiener, K. (2018). Trait Boredom Is a Predictor of Phubbing Frequency. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-018-0080-4.
  • Al‐Saggaf, Y., & O'Donnell, S. B. (2019). Phubbing: Perceptions, reasons behind, predictors, and impacts. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 1(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbe2.137.
  • Apaolaza, V., Hartmann, P., D'Souza, C., & Gilsanz, A. (2019). Mindfulness, compulsive mobile social media use, and derived stress: The mediating roles of self-esteem and social anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 22(6), 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0681.
  • Avan, O. ve Çakmak, S. (2020). The relationship between loneliness, solitude and self-esteem in university students. Anatolian Turk Education Journal, 2(1), 19-35.
  • Balcı, Ş., Karakoç, E., & Öğüt, N. (2020). Social media addiction among healthcare professionals: the role of two-dimensional self-esteem. Akdeniz University Faculty of Communication Journal, 33, 296-317. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.693279.
  • Bargh, J. A., McKenna, K. Y., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2002). Can you see the true me? Activation and expression of the “true self” on the Internet. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 33-48.
  • Barrios-Borjas, D. A., Bejar-Ramos, V. A., & Cauchos-Mora, V. S. (2017). Uso excesivo de Smartphones/teléfonos celulares: Phubbing y nomofobia. RevistaCchilena de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 55(3), 205-206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92272017000300205.
  • Bian, M., & Leung, L. (2014). Smartphone addiction: Linking loneliness, shyness, symptoms and patterns of use to social capital. Media Asia, 41(2), 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/01296612.2014.11690012.
  • Błachnio, A., & Przepiorka, A. (2019). Be aware! If you start using Facebook problematically you will feel lonely: Phubbing, loneliness, self-esteem, and Facebook intrusion. A cross-sectional study. Social Science Computer Review, 37(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318754490.
  • Bozorgpour, F., & Salimi, A. (2012). State self-esteem, loneliness and life satisfaction. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 69, 2004-2008.
  • Bragazzi, N. L., Del Puente, G. (2014). A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V. Psychology Research & Behavior Management, 7, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S41386.
  • Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, W. T. ve Reis, H. T. (1988). Five domains of interpersonal competence in peer relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 991-1008. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022- 3514.55.6.991.
  • Carducci, B. J. (2000). Shyness: The new solution. Psychology Today, 33(1), 38-46.
  • Carvajal, E. T. (2017). Families and technologies. What about the phubbing in Mexico? Horyzonty Wychowania, 16(37), 59-69.
  • Caplan, S. E. (2006). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic Internet use. CyberPsychology & behavior, 10(2), 234-242.
  • Chak, K., & Leung, L. (2004). Shyness and locus of control as predictors of internet addiction and internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7(5), 559-570. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2004.7.559.
  • Chayko, M. (2008). Portable communities: The social dynamics of online and mobile connectedness. New York: Suny Press.
  • Chavira, D. A., Stein, M. B., & Malcarne, V. L. (2002). Scrutinizing the relationship between shyness and social phobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 16(6), 585-598.
  • Cheek, J. M. ve Buss, A. H. (1981). Shyness and sociability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 330– 339.https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.2.330.
  • Choi, H. J., & Yoo, J. H. (2015). A study on the relationship between self-esteem, social support, smartphone dependency, internet game dependency of college students. Journal of East-West Nursing Research, 21(1), 78-84.
  • Chotpitayasunondh, V., & Douglas, K. M. (2018). Measuring phone snubbing behavior: Development and validation of the Generic Scale of Phubbing (GSP) and the generic scale of being phubbed (GSBP). Computers in Human Behavior, 88, 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.06.020..
  • Çizmeci, E. (2017). Disconnected, though satisfied: Phubbing behavior and relationship satisfaction. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, 7(2), 364-375.
  • Çuhadaroğlu F. (1986). Adolesanlarda benlik saygısı. Uzmanlık Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Coşkun H. (2009). Etkileşim kaygısı ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 12(23), 41-49.
  • Davey, S., Davey, A., Raghav, S. K., Singh, J. V., Singh, N., Blachnio, A., & Przepiórkaa, A. (2018). Predictors and consequences of “Phubbing” among adolescents and youth in India: An impact evaluation study. Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 25(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfcm.JFCM_71_17.
  • De Jong Gierveld, J., & Van Tilburg, T. (1999). Living arrangements of older adults in the Netherlands and Italy: Coresidence values and behaviour and their consequences for loneliness. Journal of Cross-cultural Gerontology, 14(1), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006600825693.
  • Demir, Y., & Kutlu, M. (2016). Relation between social interaction anxiety and happiness students: Intermediary role of solidute. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 195-210.
  • De Pasquale, C., Sciacca, F., & Hichy, Z. (2015). Smartphone addiction and dissociative experience: An investigation in Italian adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis, 109(1), 1-4.
  • Dobrean, A., & Păsărelu, C. R. (2016). Impact of social media on social anxiety: A systematic. In, F., Durbano., & B., Marchesi (Eds.), New developments in anxiety disorders (pp. 129-145). Croatia: SPI Global.
  • Doğan, T., Akıncı Çötok, N., Göçet Tekin, E. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS8) among university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2058–2062.
  • Elhai, J.D., Tiamiyu, M., & Weeks, J. (2018). Depression and social anxiety in relation to problematic smartphone use: The prominent role of rumination. Internet Research, 28(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2017- 0019.
  • Erol, O., & Çırak, N. S. (2019). Exploring the loneliness and internet addiction level of college students based on demographic variables. Contemporary Educational Technology, 10(2), 156-172.
  • Franchina, V., Vanden Abeele, M., van Rooij, A., Lo Coco, G., & De Marez, L. (2018). Fear of missing out as a predictor of problematic social media use and phubbing behavior among Flemish adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15 (10), 2319. https://doi:10.3390/ijerph15102319.
  • Garrido, E. C., & Delgado, S. C. (2017). Phubbing. Conectados a la red y desconectados de la trueidad. Un análisis en relación al bienestar psicológico. Píxel-Bit. Revista de Medios y Educación, (50), 173-185. https://doi:10.12795/pixelbit.2017.i50.12.
  • Geser, H. (2006). Is the cell phone undermining the social order? Understanding mobile technology from a sociological perspective. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 19(1), 8-18. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783839404034- 001.
  • Gezgin, D.M., Ümmet, D. ve Hamutoğlu, N.B. (2020) Üniversite öğrencilerinde akıllı telefon bağımlılığı: Çok boyutlu yalnızlığın yordayıcı rolü. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 10(2), 317-329.
  • González-Rivera, J., Segura-Abreu, L., & Urbistondo-Rodríguez, V. (2018). Phubbing en las relaciones románticas: Uso del celular, satisfacción en la pareja, bienestar psicológico y salud mental. Interacciones, 81- 91. https://doi.org/10.24016/2018.v4n2.117.
  • Grieve, R., March, E., & Watkinson, J. (2020). Inauthentic self-presentation on facebook as a function of vulnerable narcissism and lower self-esteem. Computers in Human Behavior, 102, 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.08.020.
  • Han, L., Geng, J., Jou, M., Gao, F., & Yang, H. (2017). Relationship between shyness and mobile phone addiction in Chinese young adults: Mediating roles of self-control and attachment anxiety. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.036.
  • Hanika, I. M. (2015). Fenomena phubbing di era milenia (ketergantungan seseorang pada smartphone terhadap lingkungannya). Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(1), 42-51.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression- based approach. Guilford Press.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2018). PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. The PROCESS macro for SPSS and SAS. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional PROCESS analysis, second edition: A regression-based approach.
  • Hays, R.D., & DiMatteo, M.R. (1987). A short-form measure of loneliness. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 69-81.
  • Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2017). The relations among social media addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction in university students. Social Science Computer Review, 35(5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340.
  • Hu, C., Kumar, S., Huang, J., & Ratnavelu, K. (2017). Disinhibition of negative true self for identity reconstructions in cyberspace: Advancing self-discrepancy theory for virtual setting. PloS one, 12(4), e0175623. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175623.
  • Huan, V. S., Ang, R. P., & Chye, S. (2014). Loneliness and shyness in adolescent problematic internet users: The role of social anxiety. Child & Youth Care Forum 43(5), 539-551.
  • Iancu, I., Bodner, E., & Ben-Zion, I. Z. (2015). Self esteem, dependency, self-efficacy and self-criticism in social anxiety disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.11.018
  • Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., Nikbin, D., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Shyness, self-esteem, and loneliness as causes of FA: The moderating effect of low self-control. Current Psychology, 40(11), 5358-5369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00465-w.
  • Ishaq, G., Solomon, V., & Khan, O. (2017). Relationship between self-esteem and loneliness among university students living in hostels. International Journal of Research, 6(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/110.5861/ijrsp.2017.1735.
  • Jiang, Q., Li, Y., & Shypenka, V. (2018). Loneliness, individualism, and smartphone addiction among international students in China. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 21(11), 711-718. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0115.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Şahin, B. M., & Babadağ, B. (2015). Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: A structural equation model. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 4(2), 60-74. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.4.2015.005.
  • Karadağ, E., Tosuntaş, Ş. B., Erzen, E., Duru, P., Bostan, N., Mızrak-Şahin, B., ... & Babadağ, B. (2016). The virtual world's current addiction: Phubbing. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 3(2), 223-269. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2016.3.0013.
  • Kashdan, T. B., & McKnight, P. E. (2010). The darker side of social anxiety: When aggressive impulsivity prevails over shy inhibition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(1), 47-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721409359280.
  • Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 24(3), 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.02.002.
  • King, A. L. S., Valença, A. M., Silva, A. C. O., Baczynski, T., Carvalho, M. R., & Nardi, A. E. (2013). Nomophobia: Dependency on virtual environments or social phobia?. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.07.025.
  • Koydemir, S. (2006). Predictors of shyness among university students: Testing a self-presentational model. Doctorate thesis. Middle East Technical University, Social Sciences Institute, Ankara.
  • Krasnova, H., Abramova, O., Notter, I., & Baumann, A. (2016). Why phubbing is toxic for your relationship: Understanding the role of smartphone jealousy among “Generation Y” users. Ecıs, 109. http://vuir.vu.edu.au/21445/1/Sabrina_Adams.
  • Kurtyılmaz, Y., Can, G., & Ceyhan, A. A. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinin ilişkisel saldırganlık ile benlik saygısı, sosyal bağlılık ve sosyal kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 7(47), 33-52.
  • Michikyan, M., Dennis, J., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2014). Can you guess who I am? True, ideal, and false self- presentation on Facebook among emerging adults. Emerging Adulthood, 3(1), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814532442.
  • Lee, B. W., & Stapinski, L. A. (2012). Seeking safety on the internet: Relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(1), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.001.
  • Leary M. R. ve Kowalski, R. M. (1993). The Interaction Anxiousness Scale: Construct and criterion-related validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 61 (1), 136- 146.
  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1995). Social anxiety. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Liebowitz, M. R. (1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141-173. https://doi.org/10.1159/000414022.
  • Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. (2016). Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(5), 620.
  • Malita, L. (2011). Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.123.
  • McKenna, K. Y., Green, A. S., & Gleason, M. E. (2002). Relationship formation on the Internet: What’s the big attraction?. Journal of Social Issues, 58(1), 9-31
  • Meral, G. (2018). Is digital addiction a reason for obesity. Age, 11(18), 14-50.
  • Mert, A. ve Özdemir, G. (2018). Yalnızlık duygusunun akıllı telefon bağımlılığına etkisi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 88-107.
  • Moretta, T., & Buodo, G. (2020). Problematic internet use and loneliness: How complex is the relationship? A short literature review. Current Addiction Reports, 7(2), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-020-00305-z.
  • Munatirah, H., & Anisah, N.M (2018). Intensitas penggunaan smartphone terhadap perilaku phubbing (Studipenelitian pada masyarakat kota banda aceh yang mengunjungi warung kopi di kecamatan leung bata). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik, 3(1), 1-14.
  • Nazir, T., & Pişkin, M. (2016). Phubbing: A technological invasion which connected the world but disconnected humans. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(4), 39-46.
  • O'Day, E. B., Morrison, A. S., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Heimberg, R. G. (2019). Social anxiety, loneliness, and the moderating role of emotion regulation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(9), 751-773.
  • Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Ross, C., Simmering, M. G., Arseneault, J. M., & Orr, R. R. (2009). The influence of shyness on the use of Facebook in an undergraduate sample. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(3), 337-340.
  • Park, H., & Choi, E. (2017). Smartphone addiction and depression: The mediating effects of self-esteem and resilience among middle school students. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing, 28(3), 280-290.
  • Pancani, L., Gerosa, T., Gui, M., & Riva, P. (2020). Mom, dad, look at me: The development of the Parental Phubbing Scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407520964866.
  • Perlman, D., & Peplau, L. A. (1982). Theoretical approaches to loneliness. Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research and therapy, 123-134.
  • Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Assessing mediation in communication research (pp. 13-54). London: The Sage sourcebook of advanced data analysis methods for communication research.
  • Pugh, S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between smartphone addiction, social anxiety, self-esteem, age & gender. Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the BA Hons in Psychology, http://hdl.handle.net/10788/3329.
  • Ran, G., Zhang, Q., & Huang, H. (2018). Behavioral inhibition system and self-esteem as mediators between shyness and social anxiety. Psychiatry Research, 270, 568-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.017.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2016). My life has become a major distraction from my cell phone: Partner phubbing and relationship satisfaction among romantic partners. Computers in Human Behavior, 54, 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.058.
  • Roberts, J. A., & David, M. E. (2020). Boss phubbing, trust, job satisfaction and employee performance. Personality and Individual Differences, 155, 109702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.109702.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, ımplications and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person: A therapist`s view of psychotherapy. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
  • Rosenberg M. (1965). Society and the Adolescent Self-İmage. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Saygılı, G., Kesecioğlu, T. İ., & Kırıktaş, H. (2015). The effect of educational level on self-esteem. Journal of Research in Education and Teaching, 4(2), 210-217.
  • Schlenker, B. R., & Leary, M. R. (1982). Social anxiety and self-presentation: A conceptualization model. Psychological Bulletin, 92(3), 641. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.641.
  • Scott, C. R. (2004). Benefits and drawbacks of anonymous online communication: legal challenges and communicative recommendations. Free Speech Yearbook 41(1), 127–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997225.2004.10556309.
  • Seema, G. B., & Kumar, G. V. (2017). Self-esteem and social anxiety in adolescent students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12(2), 247-254.
  • Stevens, J. A. (1997). Utangaçlığınızı yenin: Düşünce tarzınızı değiştirin, yaşamınızı değiştirin. (trans. G. Tümer). HYB Yayıncılık.
  • Stieger, S., & Burger, C. (2010). Implicit and explicit self-esteem in the context of internet addiction. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(6), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0426
  • Suler, J. (2004). The online disinhibition effect. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 7(3), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295.
  • Şahan, M., & Çapan, B. E. (2017). Ergenlerin problemli internet kullanımında kişilerarası ilişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmaların ve sosyal kaygının rolü. Ege Eğitim Dergisi, 18(2), 887-913.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). Pearson.
  • Tackett, S. L., Nelson, L. J., & Busby, D. M. (2013). Shyness and relationship satisfaction: Evaluating the associations between shyness, self-esteem, and relationship satisfaction in couples. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 41(1), 34-45.
  • Tan, J., Lo, P., Ge, N., & Chu, C. (2016). Self-esteem mediates the relationship between mindfulness and social anxiety among Chinese undergraduate students. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 44(8), 1297-1304.
  • Tang, S. Y., & Gao, F. Q. (2016). The regulating effect of social support in dealing with shyness and internet addiction. J Lianyungang Norm College, 113, 71-73.
  • Tosun, L. P., & Lajunen, T. (2010). Does Internet use reflect your personality? Relationship between Eysenck’s personality dimensions and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(2), 162-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2009.10.010.
  • Uba, I., Yaacob, S. N., Juhari, R., & Talib, M. A. (2020). Does self-esteem mediate the relationship between loneliness and depression among Malaysian teenagers?. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20 (1), 179-188.
  • Wang, P., Zhao, M., Wang, X., Xie, X., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2017). Peer relationship and adolescent smartphone addiction: The mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of the need to belong. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(4), 708-717. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.079.
  • Wang, P., X. Xie, X. Wang, X. Wang, F. Zhao, X. Chu, and L. Lei. (2018). The need to belong and adolescent authentic self-presentation on SNSs: A moderated mediation model ınvolving fomo and perceived social support. Personality & Individual Differences, 128,133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.02.035.
  • We Are Social (2020a). Digital in 2020. https://wearesocial.com/digital-2020.
  • Wei R., Lo V.H. (2006). Staying connected while on the move cell phone use and social connectedness. New Media and Society, 8, 53-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444806059870
  • Weinstein, A., Dorani, D., Elhadif, R., Bukovza, Y., Yarmulnik, A., & Dannon, P. (2015). Internet addiction is associated with social anxiety in young adults. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 27(1), 4-9.
  • Weiss, R.S. (1973). Loneliness: The experience of emotion and social isolation. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
  • Yam, F. C., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Adaptation of general phubbing scale to Turkish culture and investigation of phubbing levels of university students in terms of various variables. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 48-60. https://doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.19061.
  • Yam, F. C., & Ilhan, T. (2020). Holistic technological addiction of modern age: Phubbing. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.551299.
  • Yam, F.C. (2021). Investigation on the perceived partner phubbing levels of individuals in terms of some variable [Oral Presantation]. International Symposium of Scientific Research and Innovative Studies, Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University (February, 22‐25), Bandırma, Turkey.
  • Yam, F. C. (2023). The relationship between partner phubbing and life satisfaction: The mediating role of relationship satisfaction and perceived romantic relationship quality. Psychological Reports, 126(1), 303–331. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221144611.
  • Yan, L. F., & Wan, J. C. (2017). Current situation and reason analysis of phubbing? Mobile phone addiction. Journal of North China University of Science and Technology (Social Science Edition), (1), 3-11.
  • Yılmaz, G., Şar, A. H., & Civan, S. (2015). Investigation of adolescent mobile phone addiction by social anxiety effect of some variable. Online Journal of Technology Addiction & Cyberbullying, 2(2), 20-37.
  • Yin, L., Wang, P., Nie, J., Guo, J., Feng, J., & Lei, L. (2019). Social networking sites addiction and FoMO: The mediating role of envy and the moderating role of need to belong. Current Psychology, 40, 3879–3887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00344-4.
  • Young, K. S. (2004). Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American Behavioral Scientist, 48(4), 402-415.
  • Youssef, L., Hallit, R., Kheir, N., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2020). Social media use disorder and loneliness: any association between the two? Results of a cross-sectional study among Lebanese adults. BMC Psychology, 8, 1-7.
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2012). Self-esteem and humor style as mediators of the effects of shyness on loneliness among Chinese college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(6), 686-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.024
  • Zhao, J., Kong, F., & Wang, Y. (2013). The role of social support and self-esteem in the relationship between shyness and loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 54(5), 577-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.11.003.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1977). Shyness: What it is, what to do about it. Reading. MA: Perseus Press.
There are 119 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Faruk Caner Yam 0000-0001-8392-9576

Hatice Kumcağız 0000-0002-0165-3535

Early Pub Date July 14, 2023
Publication Date July 17, 2023
Submission Date January 8, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yam, F. C., & Kumcağız, H. (2023). Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(3), 1087-1105. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104
AMA Yam FC, Kumcağız H. Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models. MJSS. July 2023;12(3):1087-1105. doi:10.33206/mjss.1231104
Chicago Yam, Faruk Caner, and Hatice Kumcağız. “Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults With Different Structural Equation Models”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12, no. 3 (July 2023): 1087-1105. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104.
EndNote Yam FC, Kumcağız H (July 1, 2023) Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12 3 1087–1105.
IEEE F. C. Yam and H. Kumcağız, “Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models”, MJSS, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1087–1105, 2023, doi: 10.33206/mjss.1231104.
ISNAD Yam, Faruk Caner - Kumcağız, Hatice. “Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults With Different Structural Equation Models”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 12/3 (July 2023), 1087-1105. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.1231104.
JAMA Yam FC, Kumcağız H. Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models. MJSS. 2023;12:1087–1105.
MLA Yam, Faruk Caner and Hatice Kumcağız. “Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults With Different Structural Equation Models”. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 3, 2023, pp. 1087-05, doi:10.33206/mjss.1231104.
Vancouver Yam FC, Kumcağız H. Investigation Psychological Factors Effecting the Phubbing Behavior of Young Adults with Different Structural Equation Models. MJSS. 2023;12(3):1087-105.

MANAS Journal of Social Studies