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Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 91 - 98, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1275266

Abstract

Yerkürenin gelişimi ve şekillenmesi maruz kaldığı jeolojik-jeotektonik olaylarla yakından ilişkilidir. Bu süreçlerle kıtaların hareketi, birleşmesi, parçalanması, yeni mikro kıtaların oluşumu yanında yitim ve dağ oluşumları gibi birçok devasa küresel olaylar meydana gelmektedir. Büyük ölçekli fay hatlarının, fay zonlarının gelişiminde, hatta günümüzde sosyal ve kültürel olayları dahi etkileyen büyük ve küçük ölçekli depremlerin oluşumunda da en önemli unsur yerkürenin maruz kaldığı jeotektonik evrim sürecidir. Tetis okyanuslarındaki Afrika, Arab ve Hindistan Plakalarının birbirine doğru yaklaşması ve akabinde de Avrasya kıtası ile çarpışması günümüzün en önemli kuşaklarından biri olan Tetis kuşağını ve ilişkili metalojeni kuşağını da oluşturmuştur. Bu kuşak Batı Akdeniz’den Çin’e kadar uzanır. Türkiye’nin en belirgin tektonik çatısı, Pontidleri, Anatolid-Torid platformundan ayıran İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Zonu ve Arap Levhasının kuzey kenarını oluşturan Bitlis kenet zonu bu kuşak içinde yer almaktadır. Günümüz Türkiye coğrafyası, birbirleriyle karmaşık kenet zonları ile ayrılan ve Tetis okyanuslarının kalıntılarını (Paletotetis ve Neotetis okyanusları) temsil eden alt plakalara ayrılmaktadır. Türkiye’nin Jeodinamik evriminde, Pontid yayı ile Anadolu-Torid platformunun İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Kenet Zonu boyunca çarpışmasıyla Neotetisin kuzey kolunun Geç Paleosen-Eosen aralığında kapanması önemli bir olgudur. Bu süreç aynı zamanda Türkiye’nin Neotektoniğinin ana çatısı belirlemiş olup, önemli deprem üreticisi Kuzey ve Doğu Anadolu Fay Zonlarını’n da sorumlusudur. Bu fay zonlarının gelişim süreçleri aynı zamanda bu zonlarla ilişkili önemli maden yataklarının oluşumuna da katkı vermiştir. Maden yatakları açısından değerlendirildiğinde, Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu’nda hidrotermal süreçler Geç Paleosen’de başlamıştır. Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu içinde bulunan maden yatakları dikkate alındığında, fay zonunun şekillenişi ve maden yataklarının oluşumunun ilişkisi görülebilmektedir. Biga Yarımadasındaki Kısacık altın cevherleşmesi ve Alakeçi listvenitlerindeki altın zenginleşmesi bu zondaki cevherleşmelere örneklerdir. Bu cevherleşmeler dışında da bu zonla doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkili birçok maden yatağı söz konusudur. Dolayısıyla yerküreyi şekillendiren ana tektonik olaylar ve bunlardan kaynaklı aktif tektonik hatlar deprem gibi büyük doğal afetleri oluştururken aynı zamanda da önemli birçok doğal kaynakların da oluşumuna katkı vermektedir. İnsanların imkanları ile engellenmesi mümkün olmayan bu devasa jeolojik olayların meydana getirdiği olumlu imkanlardan yararlanırken, doğası gereği etkili olacağı doğal afetlere karşı da önlem alınarak yaşamanı sürdürmek insanoğlunun en önemli önceliklerinden biri olmalıdır.

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Geotectonics Processes, Earthquake And Mineral Deposits: The North Anatolian Fault Zone

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 91 - 98, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1275266

Abstract

The development and shaping of the earth are closely related to the geological-geotectonic events it is exposed to. With these processes, many gigantic global events such as the movement of the continents, their merging, disintegration, the formation of new micro-continents, as well as subduction and mountain formations (orogeny) occur. The most important factor in the development of large-scale fault lines and fault zones, and even in the formation of large and small-scale earthquakes that affect social and cultural events today, is the geotectonic evolution process that the earth is exposed to. The convergence of the African, Arabian and Indian Plates in the Tethys oceans towards each other and subsequent collision with the Eurasian continent formed the Tethys belt and its associated metallogenic belt, which is one of the most important belts of today. This belt stretches from the Western Mediterranean to China. The most prominent tectonic framework of Turkey, the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Zone separating the Pontides from the Anatolide-Tauride platform, and the Bitlis suture zone forming the northern edge of the Arabian Plate are located in this belt. The geography of today's Türkiye is divided into sub-plates, which are separated from each other by complex suture zones and represent the remnants of the Tethys oceans (Paletotethys and Neotethys oceans). The closure of the northern branch of the Neotethys in the Late Paleocene-Eocene interval, when the Pontide arc and the Anatolian-Tauride platform collided along the İzmir-Ankara-Erzincan Suture Zone, is an important phenomenon in the geodynamic evolution of Türkiye. This process has also determined the main framework of Türkiye's Neotectonics and is responsible for the North and East Anatolian Fault Zones, which are important earthquake producers. The development processes of these fault zones also contributed to the formation of important mineral deposits associated with these zones. When evaluated in terms of mineral deposits, hydrothermal processes in the North Anatolian Fault Zone started in the Late Paleocene. Considering the mineral deposits in the North Anatolian Fault Zone, the relationship between the formation of the fault zone and the formation of the mineral deposits can be seen. The Kısacık gold mineralization in the Biga Peninsula and the gold enrichment in the Alakeçi listvenites are examples of the mineralizations in this zone. Apart from these mineralizations, there are many mineral deposits directly or indirectly related to this zone. Therefore, while the main tectonic events that shape the earth and the active tectonic lines arising from them create major natural disasters such as earthquakes, they also contribute to the formation of many important natural resources. While taking advantage of the positive opportunities created by these gigantic geological events that cannot be prevented by human means, it should be one of the most important priorities of human beings to continue living by taking precautions against natural disasters that will be effective due to their nature.

References

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There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Review Article
Authors

Alaaddin Vural 0000-0002-0446-828X

Güllü Kırat 0000-0002-1167-0574

Early Pub Date December 12, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Vural, A., & Kırat, G. (2023). Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1275266
AMA Vural A, Kırat G. Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. December 2023;11(2):91-98. doi:10.18586/msufbd.1275266
Chicago Vural, Alaaddin, and Güllü Kırat. “Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11, no. 2 (December 2023): 91-98. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1275266.
EndNote Vural A, Kırat G (December 1, 2023) Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11 2 91–98.
IEEE A. Vural and G. Kırat, “Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu”, MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 91–98, 2023, doi: 10.18586/msufbd.1275266.
ISNAD Vural, Alaaddin - Kırat, Güllü. “Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 11/2 (December 2023), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.18586/msufbd.1275266.
JAMA Vural A, Kırat G. Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. 2023;11:91–98.
MLA Vural, Alaaddin and Güllü Kırat. “Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu”. Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 2, 2023, pp. 91-98, doi:10.18586/msufbd.1275266.
Vancouver Vural A, Kırat G. Jeotektonik Süreçler, Deprem Ve Maden Yatakları: Kuzey Anadolu Fay Zonu. MAUN Fen Bil. Dergi. 2023;11(2):91-8.