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DETERMINATION OF ENERGY DRINK’S CONSUMPTION TRENDS OF INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE 18 AND OVER OR UNDER 18: IZMIR CASE

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 111 - 120, 28.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.516838

Abstract

   Energy drink is a non-alcoholic drink, whose
consumption is quite common especially among young people. With this study, it
is aimed to determine the consumption trends of energy drinks and knowledge
levels about energy drinks of 18-year-old and older adults and young people under
18 years of age living in Izmir province. From this perspective, a total of 400
people, 200 of which are over 18 and 200 of which are under 18, have joined
this survey. The result of this survey showed that every participant who joined
this survey has background knowledge of energy drinks and communication devices
contributed to this awareness by 43.25%. 78% of participants consume an energy
drink. 51% of the participants who consume energy drinks consume energy drinks
once a year or less. While 31% of the participants who consume energy drinks
consume their energy drinks with alcohol, the consumption’s 57% is due to the
taste. There is usually no encounter of any health problems after an energy
drink (82.37%) but the most common problem observed is diarrhea (1.60%). 60% of
the participants stated that they would not recommend energy drinks to people
around them. In this study, individuals' awareness and consumption habits
regarding energy drink consumption were evaluated.

References

  • [1] DİKİCİ, S., AYDIN, Y.L., KUTLUCAN, A. & ERCAN, N., “Enerji İçecekleri Hakkında Neler Biliyoruz?”, Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 39(4), 609-613, 2012.
  • [2] TGKY, “Türk Gıda Kodeksi Enerji İçecekleri Tebliği”, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği, Tebliğ No: 2006/47, T.C. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 26309, 2006.
  • [3] HENEMAN, K., Some facts about energy drinks, http://nutrition.ucdavis.edu/content/infosheets/fact-pro energydrinks.pdf (erişim tarihi 07.01.17).
  • [4] BABU, K.M., CHURCH, R.J. & LEWANDER, W., “Energy Drinks: The New Eye-Opener For Adolescents”, Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 9(1), 35–42, 2008.
  • [5] REİSSİG, C.J., STRAİN, E.C. & GRİFFİTHS, R.R., “Caffeinated Energy Drinks - A Growing Problem”, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99(1), 1–10, 2009.
  • [6] PENNİNGTON, N., JOHNSON, M., DELANEY, E. & BLANKENSHİP, M.B., “Energy Drinks A New Health Hazard For Adolescents”, The Journal of School Nursing, 26(5), 352–359, 2010.
  • [7] AZAGBA, S., LANGİLLE, D. & ASBRİDGE, M., “An Emerging Adolescent Health Risk: Caffeinated Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among High School Students”, Preventive Medicine, 62, 54-59, 2014.
  • [8] ARRİA, A.M. & O'BRİEN, M.C., “The “High” Risk Of Energy Drinks”, JAMA, 305(6), 600–601, 2011.
  • [9] NEHLİG, A., “Are We Dependent Upon Coffee And Caffeine? A Review on Human and Animal Data”, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, 563-576, 1999.
  • [10] TEMPLE, J.L., ZİEGLER, A.M. & EPSTEİN, L.H., “Influence of Price and Labeling on Energy Drink Purchasing in An Experimental Convenience Store”, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(1), 54-59, 2016.
  • [11] PRAY, L., YAKTINE, A.L. & PANKEVICH, D., “Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety”, Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary, pp 196, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2014 .
  • [12] WOOLSEY, C.L., “A Study of NCAA Division Athletes on the Use and Effects of Combining Alcohol and Energy Drinks”, Doctorate Thesis, The Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Missouri, Columbia, pp 116, 2007.
  • [13] ARPACI, N. & ERSOY, G., “Enerji İçeceklerinin Gücü Nedir?”. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 809-822, 2011.
  • [14] HECKMAN, M.A., SHERRY, K., MEJIA, D. & GONZALEZ, E., “Energy Drinks: An Assessment of Their Market Size, Consumer Demographics, Ingredient Profile, Functionality, and Regulations in the United States”, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9(3), 303–317, 2010.
  • [15] O’BRIEN, M,C., MCCOY, T.P., RHODES, S.D., WAGONER, A. & WOLFSON, M., “Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol Related Consequences Among College Students”, Academic Emergency Medicine, 15, 453-460, 2008.
  • [16] NICKLAS, T.A., YANG, S.J., BARANOWSKI, T., ZAKERI, I. & BERENSON, G., “Eating Patterns and Obesity in Children”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 9–16, 2003.
  • [17] GRIMM, G.C., HARNACK, L. & STORY, M., “Factors Associated with Soft Drink Consumption in School-Aged Children”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 1244-1249, 2004.
  • [18] NEWBY, P.K., PETERSON, E.K., BERKEY, S.C., LEPPERT, J., WILLETT, W.C. & COLDITZ, G.A., “Beverage Consumption is not Associated with Changes in Weight and Body Mass Index Among Low İncome Preschool Children in North Dakota”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 1086-1094, 2004.
  • [19] AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL HEALTH, “Soft Drinks in Schools”, Pediatrics, 113(1), 152-154, 2004.
  • [20] BERKEY, C.S., ROCKETT, R.H., FIELD, A.E., GILLMAN, W.M. & COLDITZ, G.A., “Sugar-Added Beverages and Adolescent Weight Change”, Obesity Research, 12, 778-788, 2004.
  • [21] BABAYİĞİT, M.A., OĞUR, R., TEKBAŞ, Ö.F. & HASDE, M., “Genç Erişkin Erkeklerde Alkolsüz İçecek Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının ve Etki Eden Faktörlerin Araştırılması”, Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(4), 161-168, 2006.
  • [22] DPT (Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı)., Ulusal Gıda ve Beslenme Stratejisi Çalışma Grubu Raporu, İktisadi Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No Dpt : 2670, pp 101, ISBN 9751933400, Ankara, Türkiye, 2003.
  • [23] EVREN, C. & EVREN, B. “Energy-Drink Consumption and Its Relationship with Substance Use and Sensation seeking Among 10th Grade Students in Istanbul”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 44-50, 2015.
  • [24] MILLER, K.E., “Energy Drinks, Race, and Problem Behaviors among College Students”, Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 490–497, 2008.
  • [25] MILLER, K.E., “Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking”, Journal of American College Health, 56, 481–490, 2008.
  • [26] FINNEGAN, D., “The Health Effects of Stimulant Drinks”, Nutrition Bulletin, 28(2), 147-155, 2003.
  • [27] MARSHALL, TA., LEVY, S.M., BROFFITT, B., WARREN, J.J., EICHENBERGER-GILMORE, J.M., BURNS, T.L. & STUMBO, P.J., “Dental Caries and Beverage Consumption in Young Children”, Pediatrics, 112(3 Pt 1), 184-191, 2003.
  • [28] CLAUSON, K., SHIELDS, K., MCQUEEN, C. & PERSAD, N., “Safety Issues Associated with Commercially Available Energy Drinks”, Journal of American Pharmacists Association, 48, 55-67, 2008.
  • [29] BERGER, A.J. & ALFORD, K., “Cardiac Arrest in a Young Man Following Excess Consumption of Caffeinated “Energy Drinks”, Medical Journal of Australia, 190(1), 41-43, 2009.
  • [30] DUCHAN, E., PATEL, N.D. & FEUCHT, C., “Energy Drinks: A Review of Use and Safety for Athletes”, Physician and Sportsmedicine, 38(2), 171-179, 2010.
  • [31] GREENWOOD, D.C., ALWAN, N., BOYLAN, S., CADE, J.E., CHARVILL, J., CHIPPS, K.C., COOKE, M.S., DOLBY, V.A., HAY, A.W., KASSA, S., KIRK, S.F., KONJE, J.C., POTDAR, N., SHIRES, S., SIMPSON, N., TAUB, N., THOMAS, J.D., WALKER, J., WHITE, K.L. & WILD, C.P., “Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy, Late Miscarriage and Stillbirth”, European Journal of Epidemiology, 25(4), 275-280, 2010.
  • [32] AVCI, S., SARIKAYA, R. & BÜYÜKCAM, F., “Death of A Young Man After Overuse of Energy Drink”, American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(11), 1624.e3–1624.e4, 2013.
  • [33] BURROWS, T., PURSEY, K., NEVE, M. & STANWELL, P., “What are The Health Implications Associated with The Consumption of Energy Drinks? A Systematic Review”, Nutrition Reviews, 71(3), 135-148, 2013.
  • [34] SEPKOWITZ, K.A., “Energy Drinks and Caffeine-Related Adverse Effects”, JAMA, 309(3), 243-244, 2013.
  • [35] BREDA, J.J., WHITING, S.H., ENCARNAÇÃO, R., NORBERG, S., JONES, R., REINAP, M. & JEWELL, J., “Energy Drink Consumption in Europe: A Review of The Risks, Adverse Health Effects, and Policy Options to Respond”, Frontiers Public Health, 2, 134, 2014.
  • [36] PETTIGREW, S., BIAGIONI, N., JONES, S.C., STAFFORD, J., CHIKRITZHS, T. & DAUBE, M., “Factors Influencing Young People's Use of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks”, Appetite, 96, 408-415, 2016.
  • [37] HARRIS, J.L. & MUNSELL, C.R., “Energy Drinks and Adolescents: What's The Harm?”, Nutrition Reviews, 74(4), 247-257, 2015.
  • [38] İNCİ, H., KARAKAYA, E. & ŞENGÜL, A.Y., “Organik Ürün Tüketimini Etkileyen Faktörler (Diyarbakır İli Örneği)”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 137-147, 2017.
  • [39] FERREIRA, S.E., DE MELLO, M.T., POMPÉIA, S. & DE SOUZA-FORMIGONI, M.L., “Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication”, Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 598-605, 2006.
  • [40] GÖRGÜLÜ, Y., TAŞDELEN, Ö., SÖNMEZ, M.B. & KÖSE ÇINAR, R., “Enerji İçeceği Tüketimi Sonrası Gelişen Bir Akut Psikoz Olgusu”, Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 51, 79-81, 2014.

18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2019, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 111 - 120, 28.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.516838

Abstract

   Enerji içeceği,
özellikle gençler arasında tüketimi oldukça yaygın olan bir alkolsüz içecektir.
Bu çalışmayla, İzmir ilinde ikamet eden 18 yaş ve üstündeki yetişkinler ile 18
yaş altındaki gençlerin enerji içeceği tüketim eğilimlerinin ve enerji içecekleri
hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda
gerçekleştirilen anket çalışmasına, 18 yaşında ve daha büyük 200 kişi, 18
yaşından küçük 200 kişi olmak üzere toplam 400 kişi katılmıştır. Çalışmanın
sonucunda ankete katılan tüm katılımcıların enerji içeceğini bildiği ve bu
farkındalığa %43.25 oranında iletişim araçlarının katkıda bulunduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Ankette yer alan kişilerin %78’i enerji içeceğini kullanmaktadır.
Bunların %51’inin, yılda bir ya da daha az enerji içeceği tükettikleri
belirlenmiştir. Enerji içeceğini tüketen bireylerin %31’inin enerji içeceğini
alkolle birlikte tükettiği ve tüketimin %57 oranında tadını beğenmeleri
gerekçesiyle olduğu saptanmıştır. Enerji içeceği tüketiminden sonra genellikle
herhangi bir sağlık sorunuyla karşılaşılmazken (%82.37), sorunla
karşılaşanların en sık diare (%1.60) ile karşı karşıya kaldığı tespit
edilmiştir. Katılımcıların %60’ı ise, enerji içeceği tüketimini çevresindeki
insanlara tavsiye etmeyeceğini ifade etmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada enerji içeceği
tüketimiyle ilgili bireylerin farkındalığı ve tüketim alışkanlıkları
değerlendirilmiştir.

References

  • [1] DİKİCİ, S., AYDIN, Y.L., KUTLUCAN, A. & ERCAN, N., “Enerji İçecekleri Hakkında Neler Biliyoruz?”, Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 39(4), 609-613, 2012.
  • [2] TGKY, “Türk Gıda Kodeksi Enerji İçecekleri Tebliği”, Türk Gıda Kodeksi Yönetmeliği, Tebliğ No: 2006/47, T.C. Resmi Gazete Sayı: 26309, 2006.
  • [3] HENEMAN, K., Some facts about energy drinks, http://nutrition.ucdavis.edu/content/infosheets/fact-pro energydrinks.pdf (erişim tarihi 07.01.17).
  • [4] BABU, K.M., CHURCH, R.J. & LEWANDER, W., “Energy Drinks: The New Eye-Opener For Adolescents”, Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 9(1), 35–42, 2008.
  • [5] REİSSİG, C.J., STRAİN, E.C. & GRİFFİTHS, R.R., “Caffeinated Energy Drinks - A Growing Problem”, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99(1), 1–10, 2009.
  • [6] PENNİNGTON, N., JOHNSON, M., DELANEY, E. & BLANKENSHİP, M.B., “Energy Drinks A New Health Hazard For Adolescents”, The Journal of School Nursing, 26(5), 352–359, 2010.
  • [7] AZAGBA, S., LANGİLLE, D. & ASBRİDGE, M., “An Emerging Adolescent Health Risk: Caffeinated Energy Drink Consumption Patterns Among High School Students”, Preventive Medicine, 62, 54-59, 2014.
  • [8] ARRİA, A.M. & O'BRİEN, M.C., “The “High” Risk Of Energy Drinks”, JAMA, 305(6), 600–601, 2011.
  • [9] NEHLİG, A., “Are We Dependent Upon Coffee And Caffeine? A Review on Human and Animal Data”, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 23, 563-576, 1999.
  • [10] TEMPLE, J.L., ZİEGLER, A.M. & EPSTEİN, L.H., “Influence of Price and Labeling on Energy Drink Purchasing in An Experimental Convenience Store”, Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(1), 54-59, 2016.
  • [11] PRAY, L., YAKTINE, A.L. & PANKEVICH, D., “Caffeine in Food and Dietary Supplements: Examining Safety”, Institute of Medicine Workshop Summary, pp 196, The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2014 .
  • [12] WOOLSEY, C.L., “A Study of NCAA Division Athletes on the Use and Effects of Combining Alcohol and Energy Drinks”, Doctorate Thesis, The Faculty of the Graduate School, University of Missouri, Columbia, pp 116, 2007.
  • [13] ARPACI, N. & ERSOY, G., “Enerji İçeceklerinin Gücü Nedir?”. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 809-822, 2011.
  • [14] HECKMAN, M.A., SHERRY, K., MEJIA, D. & GONZALEZ, E., “Energy Drinks: An Assessment of Their Market Size, Consumer Demographics, Ingredient Profile, Functionality, and Regulations in the United States”, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9(3), 303–317, 2010.
  • [15] O’BRIEN, M,C., MCCOY, T.P., RHODES, S.D., WAGONER, A. & WOLFSON, M., “Caffeinated Cocktails: Energy Drink Consumption, High-Risk Drinking, and Alcohol Related Consequences Among College Students”, Academic Emergency Medicine, 15, 453-460, 2008.
  • [16] NICKLAS, T.A., YANG, S.J., BARANOWSKI, T., ZAKERI, I. & BERENSON, G., “Eating Patterns and Obesity in Children”, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 9–16, 2003.
  • [17] GRIMM, G.C., HARNACK, L. & STORY, M., “Factors Associated with Soft Drink Consumption in School-Aged Children”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 1244-1249, 2004.
  • [18] NEWBY, P.K., PETERSON, E.K., BERKEY, S.C., LEPPERT, J., WILLETT, W.C. & COLDITZ, G.A., “Beverage Consumption is not Associated with Changes in Weight and Body Mass Index Among Low İncome Preschool Children in North Dakota”, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 1086-1094, 2004.
  • [19] AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRICS COMMITTEE ON SCHOOL HEALTH, “Soft Drinks in Schools”, Pediatrics, 113(1), 152-154, 2004.
  • [20] BERKEY, C.S., ROCKETT, R.H., FIELD, A.E., GILLMAN, W.M. & COLDITZ, G.A., “Sugar-Added Beverages and Adolescent Weight Change”, Obesity Research, 12, 778-788, 2004.
  • [21] BABAYİĞİT, M.A., OĞUR, R., TEKBAŞ, Ö.F. & HASDE, M., “Genç Erişkin Erkeklerde Alkolsüz İçecek Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının ve Etki Eden Faktörlerin Araştırılması”, Genel Tıp Dergisi, 16(4), 161-168, 2006.
  • [22] DPT (Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı)., Ulusal Gıda ve Beslenme Stratejisi Çalışma Grubu Raporu, İktisadi Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, Yayın No Dpt : 2670, pp 101, ISBN 9751933400, Ankara, Türkiye, 2003.
  • [23] EVREN, C. & EVREN, B. “Energy-Drink Consumption and Its Relationship with Substance Use and Sensation seeking Among 10th Grade Students in Istanbul”, Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 15, 44-50, 2015.
  • [24] MILLER, K.E., “Energy Drinks, Race, and Problem Behaviors among College Students”, Journal of Adolescent Health, 43, 490–497, 2008.
  • [25] MILLER, K.E., “Wired: Energy Drinks, Jock Identity, Masculine Norms, and Risk Taking”, Journal of American College Health, 56, 481–490, 2008.
  • [26] FINNEGAN, D., “The Health Effects of Stimulant Drinks”, Nutrition Bulletin, 28(2), 147-155, 2003.
  • [27] MARSHALL, TA., LEVY, S.M., BROFFITT, B., WARREN, J.J., EICHENBERGER-GILMORE, J.M., BURNS, T.L. & STUMBO, P.J., “Dental Caries and Beverage Consumption in Young Children”, Pediatrics, 112(3 Pt 1), 184-191, 2003.
  • [28] CLAUSON, K., SHIELDS, K., MCQUEEN, C. & PERSAD, N., “Safety Issues Associated with Commercially Available Energy Drinks”, Journal of American Pharmacists Association, 48, 55-67, 2008.
  • [29] BERGER, A.J. & ALFORD, K., “Cardiac Arrest in a Young Man Following Excess Consumption of Caffeinated “Energy Drinks”, Medical Journal of Australia, 190(1), 41-43, 2009.
  • [30] DUCHAN, E., PATEL, N.D. & FEUCHT, C., “Energy Drinks: A Review of Use and Safety for Athletes”, Physician and Sportsmedicine, 38(2), 171-179, 2010.
  • [31] GREENWOOD, D.C., ALWAN, N., BOYLAN, S., CADE, J.E., CHARVILL, J., CHIPPS, K.C., COOKE, M.S., DOLBY, V.A., HAY, A.W., KASSA, S., KIRK, S.F., KONJE, J.C., POTDAR, N., SHIRES, S., SIMPSON, N., TAUB, N., THOMAS, J.D., WALKER, J., WHITE, K.L. & WILD, C.P., “Caffeine Intake During Pregnancy, Late Miscarriage and Stillbirth”, European Journal of Epidemiology, 25(4), 275-280, 2010.
  • [32] AVCI, S., SARIKAYA, R. & BÜYÜKCAM, F., “Death of A Young Man After Overuse of Energy Drink”, American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 31(11), 1624.e3–1624.e4, 2013.
  • [33] BURROWS, T., PURSEY, K., NEVE, M. & STANWELL, P., “What are The Health Implications Associated with The Consumption of Energy Drinks? A Systematic Review”, Nutrition Reviews, 71(3), 135-148, 2013.
  • [34] SEPKOWITZ, K.A., “Energy Drinks and Caffeine-Related Adverse Effects”, JAMA, 309(3), 243-244, 2013.
  • [35] BREDA, J.J., WHITING, S.H., ENCARNAÇÃO, R., NORBERG, S., JONES, R., REINAP, M. & JEWELL, J., “Energy Drink Consumption in Europe: A Review of The Risks, Adverse Health Effects, and Policy Options to Respond”, Frontiers Public Health, 2, 134, 2014.
  • [36] PETTIGREW, S., BIAGIONI, N., JONES, S.C., STAFFORD, J., CHIKRITZHS, T. & DAUBE, M., “Factors Influencing Young People's Use of Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks”, Appetite, 96, 408-415, 2016.
  • [37] HARRIS, J.L. & MUNSELL, C.R., “Energy Drinks and Adolescents: What's The Harm?”, Nutrition Reviews, 74(4), 247-257, 2015.
  • [38] İNCİ, H., KARAKAYA, E. & ŞENGÜL, A.Y., “Organik Ürün Tüketimini Etkileyen Faktörler (Diyarbakır İli Örneği)”, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(2), 137-147, 2017.
  • [39] FERREIRA, S.E., DE MELLO, M.T., POMPÉIA, S. & DE SOUZA-FORMIGONI, M.L., “Effects of Energy Drink Ingestion on Alcohol Intoxication”, Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, 30, 598-605, 2006.
  • [40] GÖRGÜLÜ, Y., TAŞDELEN, Ö., SÖNMEZ, M.B. & KÖSE ÇINAR, R., “Enerji İçeceği Tüketimi Sonrası Gelişen Bir Akut Psikoz Olgusu”, Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 51, 79-81, 2014.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Food Engineering
Authors

Emine Nakilcioğlu-taş 0000-0003-4334-2900

Furkan Ediz Hacıhasanoğlu This is me 0000-0001-5242-4794

Semih Ötleş This is me 0000-0003-4571-8764

Publication Date January 28, 2019
Submission Date June 26, 2018
Acceptance Date August 26, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Nakilcioğlu-taş, E., Hacıhasanoğlu, F. E., & Ötleş, S. (2019). 18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.516838
AMA Nakilcioğlu-taş E, Hacıhasanoğlu FE, Ötleş S. 18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. January 2019;8(1):111-120. doi:10.28948/ngumuh.516838
Chicago Nakilcioğlu-taş, Emine, Furkan Ediz Hacıhasanoğlu, and Semih Ötleş. “18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8, no. 1 (January 2019): 111-20. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.516838.
EndNote Nakilcioğlu-taş E, Hacıhasanoğlu FE, Ötleş S (January 1, 2019) 18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 111–120.
IEEE E. Nakilcioğlu-taş, F. E. Hacıhasanoğlu, and S. Ötleş, “18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ”, NOHU J. Eng. Sci., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 111–120, 2019, doi: 10.28948/ngumuh.516838.
ISNAD Nakilcioğlu-taş, Emine et al. “18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (January 2019), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.516838.
JAMA Nakilcioğlu-taş E, Hacıhasanoğlu FE, Ötleş S. 18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2019;8:111–120.
MLA Nakilcioğlu-taş, Emine et al. “18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2019, pp. 111-20, doi:10.28948/ngumuh.516838.
Vancouver Nakilcioğlu-taş E, Hacıhasanoğlu FE, Ötleş S. 18 YAŞ ALTI İLE 18 YAŞ VE ÜSTÜ BİREYLERİN ENERJİ İÇECEĞİ TÜKETİMİ EĞİLİMLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ: İZMİR İLİ ÖRNEĞİ. NOHU J. Eng. Sci. 2019;8(1):111-20.

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