DEVELOPMENT OF MICROENCAPSULATED N-OCTADECANE/NANOCLAY COMPOSITE PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 675 - 687, 30.01.2020

Hatice Hande Mert Sena Bayram

https://doi.org/10.28948/ngumuh.552533

Abstract

Phase change materials (FDMs) are materials that allow thermal energy to be stored as a latent heat and can be used in a wide
range of thermal energy storage applications owing to its high latent heat storage capacities. The paraffins in the organic class
of FDMs are come into prominence by their high latent heat storage capacities, thermal and chemical stability. However, the
direct use of these materials in the storage of thermal energy is not suitable because of its potential risk to leakage in liquid
phase. Therefore, the macro / micro scale encapsulation process to be applied to these materials is one of the suitable solution
ways. It is also possible that adding various inorganic porous fillers as a support material during the encapsulation process to
increase the structural, chemical and thermal stability of these materials. In this study, n-octadecane (OD), one of the FDMs,
was encapsulated in micro-size by phase inversion emulsification in the presence of surface modified montmorillonite clay
contained 15-35 wt% octadecylamine and 0.5-5 wt% aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The usage potential of microcapsules in
latent heat storage applications at low temperature (20-35 ° C) with owing to phase change temperature range, thermal energy
storage capacities and thermal stabilities were investigated. 

Keywords

Composite phase change materials, N-octadecane, Thermal energy storage, Encapsulation

ISIL ENERJİ DEPOLAMA UYGULAMALARINA YÖNELİK MİKROKAPSÜLLENMİŞ N-OKTADEKAN/NANOKİL KOMPOZİT FAZ DEĞİŞTİREN MALZEMELERİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Faz
değiştiren maddeler (FDMler), ısıl enerjinin gizli ısı olarak depolanabilmesine
olanak tanıyan ve yüksek gizli ısı depolama kapasiteleriyle oldukça geniş bir
yelpazedeki ısıl enerji depolama uygulamalarında kullanılabilen malzemelerdir. FDMlerin
organik sınıfında yer alan parafinler, yüksek gizli ısı depolama kapasiteleri,
ısıl ve kimyasal kararlılıklarıyla ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bununla beraber bu
malzemelerin ısıl enerji depolamada doğrudan kullanımı, sıvı faz halinde sızdırma
potansiyeli nedeniyle uygun değildir. Dolayısıyla bu malzemelere uygulanacak
makro/mikro ölçekli kapsülasyon işlemi uygun çözüm yollarından biridir. Ayrıca bu
malzemelerin yapısal, kimyasal ve ısıl kararlılıklarının arttırılması amacıyla
çeşitli inorganik gözenekli dolguların kapsülasyon işlemi esnasında destek
malzeme olarak ilavesi de mümkün olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, FDMlerden biri olan
n-oktadekan (OD) ağırlıkça %15-35 oktadesilamin ve %0,5-5
aminopropiltrietoksisilan ile yüzeyi modifiye edilmiş montmorillonit kili
varlığında faz inversiyon emülsifikasyonu yöntemiyle mikro boyutta
kapsüllenmiştir. Hazırlanan mikrokapsüllerin faz değişim sıcaklık aralığı, ısıl
enerji depolama kapasiteleri ve ısıl kararlılıklarıyla düşük sıcaklıktaki
(20-35°C) gizli ısı depolama uygulamalarında kullanılabilme potansiyelleri araştırılmıştır.

Keywords

Kompozit faz değiştiren maddeler, n-oktadekan, ısıl enerji depolama, kapsülasyon

References

• [1] MERT, M.S., SERT, M., MERT, H.H., “Isıl Enerji Depolama Sistemleri için Organik Faz Değiştiren Maddelerin Mevcut Durumu Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 6(1), 161-174, 2018.
• [2] ZALBA, B., MARIN, J.B., CABEZA, L.F., MEHLING, H. “Review on Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change; Materials, Heat Transfer Analysis and Applications”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 23, 251-283, 2003.
• [3] ALKAN, C., SARI, A., KARAİPEKLİ, A., “Preparation, Thermal Properties and Thermal Reliability Of Microencapsulated N-Eicosane as Novel Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage”, Energy Conversion and Management, 52, 687-692, 2011.
• [4] SARI, A., ALKAN, C., ALTINTAŞ, A., “Preparation, Characterization and Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Properties of Micro-Nanoencapsulated Fatty Acids by Polystyrene Shell”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 73, 1160-1168, 2014.
• [5] KEE, S.Y., MUNUSAMY, Y., ONG, K.S., “Review of Solar Water Heaters Incorparating Solid-Liquid Organic Phase Change Materials as Thermal Storage”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 131, 455-471, 2018.
• [6] KHAN, M.M.A., SAIDUR, R., AL-SULAIMAN, F.A., “A Review for Phase Change Materials (PCM)s in Solar Absorption Refrigeration Systems”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 105-137, 2017.
• [7] IQBAL, K., SUN, D., “Development of Thermo-Regulating Polypropylene Fıbre Containing Microcapsulated Phase Change Materials” Renewable Energy, 71, 473-479, 2014.
• [8] GAO, T, YANG, Z., CHEN, C., Li, Y., Fu, K., Dai, J., vd., “Three Dimensional Printed Thermal Regulation Textiles”, ACS Nano, 11, 11513-11520, 2017.
• [9] KHADIRAN, T., HUSSEIN, M.Z., ZAINAL, Z., RUSLI, R., “Shape-Stabilised N-Octane/Activated Carbon Nanocomposite Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage”, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 55, 189-197, 2015.
• [10] UMAIR, M.M., ZHANG, Y., IQBAL, K., ZHANG, S., TANG, B., “Novel Strategies and Supporting Materials Applied to Shape-Stabilize Organic Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage-A Review”, Applied Energy, 235, 846-873, 2019.
• [11] SARI, A., ALKAN, C., DÖĞÜŞCÜ, D.K., BİÇER, A., “Micro/Nano-Encapsulated N-Heptadecane with Polystyrene Shell for Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage”, Solar Energy Materials &Solar Cells, 126, 42-50, 2014.
• [12] KONUKLU, Y., PAKSOY, H.O., ÜNAL, M., “Nanoencapsulation Of N-Alkanes with Poly(Styrene-Co-Ethylacrylate) Shells for Thermal Energy Storage”, Applied Energy, 150, 335-340, 2015.
• [13] ZHAO, C.Y., WU, Z.G., “Heat Transfer Enhancement Of High Temperature Thermal Energy Storage Using Metal Foams and Expanded Graphite”, Solar Energy Materials &Solar Cells, 95, 636-643, 2011.
• [14] ZHOU, D., ZHAO, C.Y., “Experimental İnvestigations On Heat Transfer in Phase Change Materials (PCM)s Embedded in Porous Materials”, Applied Thermal Engineering, 31, 970-977, 2011.
• [15] ZHAO, C.Y., ZHANG G.H., “Review on Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials (MEPCMS): Fabrication, Characterization and Applications”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 3813-3832, 2011.
• [16] WANG, C., FENG, L., LI, W., ZHENG, J., TIAN,, W., LI, X., “Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials Based on Polyethylene Glycol/Porous Carbon Composite: The Influence of the Pore Structure of the Carbon Materials”, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 105, 21-26, 2012.
• [17] LEE, S.H., YOON, S.J., KIM,Y.G., CHOİ, Y.C., KIM, J.H., LEE, J.G., “Development of Building Materials By Using Micro-Encapsulated Phase Change Material”, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24, 332-335, 2007.
• [18] ALIC, B., SEBENİK, U., KRAJNC, M., “Microencapsulation Of Butyl Stearate with Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin: Effect of Decreasing the pH Value On the Composition and Thermal Stability of Microcapsules”, Express Polymer Letters, 6, 826-836, 2012.
• [19] HAWLADER, M.N.A., UDDIN, M.S., KHIN, M.M., “Microencapsulated PCM Thermal Energy Storage System” Applied Energy,74, 195-202, 2003.
• [20] MA, S., SONG, G., LI, W., FAN, P., TANG, G., “UV Irradiation-Initiated MMA Polymerization to Prepare Microcapsules Containing Phase Change Paraffin”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 94,1643-1647, 2010.
• [21] SARI, A., ALKAN, C., KARAİPEKLİ, A., UZUN, O., “Microencapsulated N-Octacosane as Phase Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,83(10), 1757-1763, 2009.
• [22] SARI, A., ALKAN, C., KARAİPEKLİ, A., “Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Properties of PMMA/N-Heptadecane Microcapsules as Novel Solid-Liquid Micropcm For Thermal Energy Storage”, Applied Energy, 87, 1529-1534, 2010.
• [23] YANG, R., XU, H., ZHANG, Y., “Preparation, Physical Property and Thermal Physical Property of Phase Change Microcapsule Slurry and Phase Change Emulsion”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 80(4),405-416, 2003.
• [24] SANCHEZ-SILVA, L., RODRIGUEZ, J.F., ROMERO, A., BORREGUERO, A.M., CARMONA, M., SANCHE, P., “Microcapsulation of PCM with A Styrene-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymer Shell by Suspension-Like Polymerization”, Chemical Engineering Journal, 157, 216-222, 2010.
• [25] PARK, S.J., KIM, K.S., HONG, S.K., “Preparation and Thermal Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles Containing Phase Change Materials as Thermal Storage Medium”, Polymer Korea, 29(1),8-13, 2005.
• [26] SANCHEZ, L., SANCHEZ, P., LUCAS, A.D., CARMONA, M., RODRIGUEZ, J.F., “Microencapsulation Of PCMs with A Polystyrene Shell”, Colloid and Polymer Science, 285 (12), 1377-1385, 2007.
• [27] SANCHEZ, L., RODRIGUEZ, J.F., CARMONA, M., ROMERO, A., SANCHEZ, P., “Thermal And Morphological Stability of Polystyrene Microcapsules Containing Phase-Change Materials”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 120, 291-297, 2011.
• [28] BORREGUERO, A.M., CARMONA, M., LUZ, M., SANCHEZ, L., VALVERDE , J.L., RODRIGUEZ, J.F., “Improvement of The Thermal Behaviour of Gypsum Blocks By the Incorporation of Microcapsules Containing PCMs Obtained by Suspension Polymerization with An Optimal Core/Coating Mass Ratio” Applied Thermal Engineering, 30, 1164-1169, 2010.
• [29] KONUKLU, Y., PAKSOY, H.Ö., “Polystyrene Based Caprylic Acid Microencapsulation for Thermal Energy Storage”, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,159, 235-242, 2017.
• [30] ZHANG, H., WANG, X., “Synthesis and Properties of Microencapsulated N-Octadecane with Polyurea Shells Containing Different Soft Segments for Heat Energy Storage and Thermal Regulation”, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 93, 166—1376, 2009.
• [31] SU, J.F., WANG, L.X., REN, L., “Synthesis of Polyurethane MicroPCMs Containing N-octadecane by Interfacial Polycondensation: Influence of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride as a Surfactant” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 299, 268-275, 2007.
• [32] LIU, L., SU, D., TANG, Y., FANG, G., “Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage: A Review”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 62, 305–317, 2016.
• [33] LV, P., LIU, C., RAO, Z., “Review on Clay Mineral-Based Form-Stable Phase Change Materials:Preparation, Characterization and Applications”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 68, 707–726, 2017.
• [34] ALEXANDRE, M. AND DUBOIS, P., “Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Preparation, Properties and Uses of New Class of Materials”, Materials Science and Engineering, 28, 1-63, 2000.