Research Article
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Farklı Aktivitelerin Yaşlıların Depresyon Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 1241 - 1266, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.440175

Abstract

Günümüzde, teknolojik imkânlarla beraber
ilerleyen sağlık hizmetleriyle doğumda beklenen yaşam süresi günden güne
artmaktadır. Bu imkânlarla, yaşlıların sayısı sadece gelişmiş ülkelerde değil
ayrıca gelişmekte olan ve az gelişmiş ülkelerde de artmaktadır. Bununla
birlikte, günümüzde yaşlı insanların geçmişe göre karşılaştıkları sorunlar
farklı ve zorlayıcı olmaktadır. Büyüyen şehirler kendilerini yaşamlarında
dışlanmış hisseden yaşlı ve emekli insanlara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Kırsal
alanlarda ise yaşlılar, bahçe işleri ve benzeri diğer aktivitelerle,
çocuklarıyla, torunlarıyla, akrabalarıyla, arkadaşlarıyla ilgilenebilmekte ve
kolaylıkla dini aktivitelere katılabilmektedirler. Bundan dolayı, şehirlerde
yaşlı insanlar için yasal ve kurumsal imkânlar sunarak daha çok aktivite
yapmaları teşvik edilmeli ve desteklenmelidir. Bu anlamda, yaşam kalitesini
artırmak amacıyla sağlık, katılım ve güvenlik için fırsatları optimize etme
süreci olan aktif yaşlanma politikaları gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin
gündemindedir. Yaşlanma sürecindeki aktiviteler ile yaşlı insanlar fiziksel
aktivite veya işgücüne katılmanın yanı sıra zihinsel aktivitelerle, sosyal,
ekonomik, kültürel, dini ve vatandaşlık işlerine katılımlarını devam
ettirebilirler. Çalışma hayatından emekli olan veya engelleri ile yaşayan
yaşlılar ailelerine, arkadaşlarına, çevrelerine ve bulundukları topluma aktif
katkıda bulunanlar olarak hayatlarını devam ettirebilirler. Bu anlamda, aktif
yaşlanma, insanlar yaşlandıkça yaşam kalitesini ve sağlıklı yaşam beklentisini
artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile 60 yaşından fazla olan yaşlı
insanların günlük yaşam aktiviteleri ve o aktivitelerin depresyon seviyelerine
etkileri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada yaşlı insanların ne tür aktiviteler
yaptıkları sorgulanmıştır. Araştırmada 240 yaşlı üzerinde depresyon ölçeği
uygulanmış olup, bunların 100’ü İstanbul Bayrampaşa Kaymakamlığı’nın yaşlılara
yönelik yaptığı proje ile elde edilmiştir. Ölçekle birlikte, yaşlıların sağlık
durumları, gelir ve eğitim seviyeleri, sivil toplum, hayırseverlik ve dini
aktivitelere katılıp katılmadıkları sorulmuştur. İlave olarak, bu değişkenler
yaşlıların depresyon seviyeleri ile analizlere tabi tutulmuştur.              

References

  • Archana, Singh, Misra N. L. (2009). Depression and sociability in old age. Ind Psychiatry J [serial online] 2009 [cited 2017 Sep 3];18:51-5. Available from: http://www.industrialpsychiatry.org.sci-hub.cc/text.asp?2009/18/1/51/57861
  • Armutlulu, İ. H. (2008). İşletmelerde uygulamalı istatistik. İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10 (7), 1-9.
  • Çolak, M. &, Yunus E. Ö. (2015). The analysis of active ageing policies at national and local level in the content of social policy. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(55), 115-124
  • Demirbilek, S. (2005). Sosyal güvenlik sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık.
  • Demirbilek, T., Ayşenur, Ö. (2017). Gümüş ekonomi ve aktif yaşlanma bağlamında yaşlı istihdamı. Elderly Issues Research Journal (EIRJ), 10(1), 2017, 14-28
  • Eti, S., & İnel, M. (2016). A research on comparison of regression models explaining the profitability base on financial data. The International Journal of Business &Management, 4(10), 470-475.
  • EU Commission, (2017). Employment, social affairs & inclusion, policies and activities
  • Eurobarometer, European Commission, (2012). Active Ageing, Special Eurobarometer 378, Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. Survey co-ordinated by Directorate-General Communication
  • Eurohealth, (2012). Healthy and active ageing, a report produced by eurohealthnet (Ingrid Stegeman, Terese Otte-Trojel, Caroline Costongs and John Considine) for Bundeszentrale für gesund-heitliche Aufklärung (BZgA),
  • Foster, L. and Walker A. (2014). Active and successful aging: a european union policy perspective. Gerontologist, 55(1), 83-90
  • Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rojo-Pérez, F., Martínez-Martín, P., Prieto-Flores, M. E., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Martín-García, S., ... & Forjaz, M. J. (2015). Active ageing and quality of life: factors associated with participation in leisure activities among institutionalized older adults, with and without dementia. Aging & mental health, 19(11), 1031-1041.
  • Green B. H. Copeland J. R., Dewey M. E., Shamra, V., Saunders P. A., Davidson I. A., Sullivan C. and McWilliam C. (1992). Risk factors for depression in elderly people: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 86 (3), 213–7.
  • Gro Harlem B. (1999). Director-General, World Health Organization, the 21st special session of the general assembly for the overall review and appraisal of the implementation of the programme of action of the international conference on population and dev., Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole, UN, http://www.un.org/popin/unpopcom/32ndsess/gass/state/brundtland.pdf
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, T. G., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). United States of America: SAGE.
  • Hansson, R. O., Jones, W. H., Carpenter, B. N., & Remondet, J. H. (1987). Loneliness and adjustment to old age. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 24(1), 41-53.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • ICAA, International Council on Active Aging. (2013). The ICAA Mod-el. Retrieved on May 13, from http://www.icaa.cc/activeagingand wellness.htm.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 31–36.
  • Kalache A. and Keller I. (2000). The greying world: a challenge for the 21st century. Science Progress 83 (1), 33-54.
  • Kavi, E., Koçak, O., (2011). Çalışma yaşamında etik, Ekin Kitabevi, Bursa.
  • Kavi, E., (2017). Örgütsel stres ve stres yönetimi. Çalışma Yaşamında Güncel Psikolojik Konular, Edit.Ersin Kavi, Dora Yay., Bursa
  • Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) Using SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry, 52-54.
  • Mardia, K. (1974). Applications of some measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis in testing normality and robustness studies. The Indian Journal of Statistics, 115-128.
  • Milner, C. (2013). Building the foundation for active aging, The Journal on Active Aging, www.icaa.cc
  • Özer, M. and Karabulut, Ö. (2003). Yaşlılarda yaşam doyumu. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 6(2), 72-74.
  • Palabıyık, H. (2011). İl özel idaresi ve belediye hizmetlerine gönüllü katilim. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 83-114.
  • Rodrigues, R. Maria H. Kai L. and Juliane W. (2013). Active and healthy ageing for better long term care A fresh look at innovative practice examples, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.
  • Seyyar, A. (2002). Sosyal siyaset terimleri, Ansiklopedik Sözlük, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Soyuer, F. ve Soyuer, A. (2008). Yaşlılık ve fiziksel aktivite. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 219-224.
  • Uyanık, Y. (2017). Yaşlılık, yaşlanan nüfus ve sosyal politika. İş ve Hayat Dergisi,5 ,67-100
  • Walker, A. (2012). ACTIVE AGEING: A Source of Empowerment?, IFA 11th Global Conference on Ageing Prague, 31st May 2012.
  • Walker, A., Maltby, T. (2012). Active Ageing: A strategic policy solution to demographic ageing in the European Union. International Journal of Social Welfare, 17, 117-130. doi: 10.1111/j.1468- 2397.2012.00871.x
  • WHO. (2002). ACTIVE AGEING: A POLICY FRAMEWORK, World Health Organization, Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Department Ageing and Life Course, A contribution of the World Health Organization to the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain.
  • Yüksel, S., Canöz, İ., and Özsarı, M. (2017). Causality relationship between interest rate of deposit banks and profit share rate of islamic banks in turkey. IKONOMIKA, 2(2), 131-148.

The Effects of the Different Activities on the Depression Level of Older People

Year 2018, Volume: 8 Issue: 15, 1241 - 1266, 31.08.2018
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.440175

Abstract

In modern life, the
expected life at birth is improving day by day with the developing health
services as well as technologies. With these possibilities, the number of older
people is increasing not only in developed but also developing and under
developing countries. However, the problems of older people face, today, are
different and challenging than before the modern era. Growing cities are
hosting more retired and older people who feel excluded in their life than
rural areas where older people can do gardening and et cetera activities, visit
their children, grandchildren, relatives, peers and easily join spiritual and
religious activities. That’s why; more activities should be encouraged and
supported by giving legal and institutional opportunities for older people in
cities. In this mean, active aging policies which the process of optimizing
opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance the
quality of life, are on the agenda in developed and developing countries. With
the activities in the process of aging, older people can continue participation
in social, economic, cultural, spiritual and civic affairs, not just the
ability to be physically active or to participate in the labor force but mental
activities. Older people who retire from work or live with disabilities can
remain active contributors to their families, friends, environments and
nations. In this sense, active aging aims to extend healthy life expectancy and
quality of life for all people as they age. With this paper, older people, who
are more than 60 years, are studied according to their daily life activities
and their effects on their depression level. It was questioned that what kind
of activities older people have. In the survey, a depression scale was
implemented for 240 older people, 100 of 240 were provided by Bayrampaşa local
governance in İstanbul. Their health situations, income, and education levels,
whether they join any NGO, philanthropic and religious activities are asked in
the survey. In addition, these variances will be compared with their depression
levels.



 

References

  • Archana, Singh, Misra N. L. (2009). Depression and sociability in old age. Ind Psychiatry J [serial online] 2009 [cited 2017 Sep 3];18:51-5. Available from: http://www.industrialpsychiatry.org.sci-hub.cc/text.asp?2009/18/1/51/57861
  • Armutlulu, İ. H. (2008). İşletmelerde uygulamalı istatistik. İstanbul: Alfa Basım Yayım Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 10 (7), 1-9.
  • Çolak, M. &, Yunus E. Ö. (2015). The analysis of active ageing policies at national and local level in the content of social policy. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 14(55), 115-124
  • Demirbilek, S. (2005). Sosyal güvenlik sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Legal Yayıncılık.
  • Demirbilek, T., Ayşenur, Ö. (2017). Gümüş ekonomi ve aktif yaşlanma bağlamında yaşlı istihdamı. Elderly Issues Research Journal (EIRJ), 10(1), 2017, 14-28
  • Eti, S., & İnel, M. (2016). A research on comparison of regression models explaining the profitability base on financial data. The International Journal of Business &Management, 4(10), 470-475.
  • EU Commission, (2017). Employment, social affairs & inclusion, policies and activities
  • Eurobarometer, European Commission, (2012). Active Ageing, Special Eurobarometer 378, Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. Survey co-ordinated by Directorate-General Communication
  • Eurohealth, (2012). Healthy and active ageing, a report produced by eurohealthnet (Ingrid Stegeman, Terese Otte-Trojel, Caroline Costongs and John Considine) for Bundeszentrale für gesund-heitliche Aufklärung (BZgA),
  • Foster, L. and Walker A. (2014). Active and successful aging: a european union policy perspective. Gerontologist, 55(1), 83-90
  • Fernández-Mayoralas, G., Rojo-Pérez, F., Martínez-Martín, P., Prieto-Flores, M. E., Rodríguez-Blázquez, C., Martín-García, S., ... & Forjaz, M. J. (2015). Active ageing and quality of life: factors associated with participation in leisure activities among institutionalized older adults, with and without dementia. Aging & mental health, 19(11), 1031-1041.
  • Green B. H. Copeland J. R., Dewey M. E., Shamra, V., Saunders P. A., Davidson I. A., Sullivan C. and McWilliam C. (1992). Risk factors for depression in elderly people: A prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 86 (3), 213–7.
  • Gro Harlem B. (1999). Director-General, World Health Organization, the 21st special session of the general assembly for the overall review and appraisal of the implementation of the programme of action of the international conference on population and dev., Ad Hoc Committee of the Whole, UN, http://www.un.org/popin/unpopcom/32ndsess/gass/state/brundtland.pdf
  • Hair, J. F., Hult, T. G., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). United States of America: SAGE.
  • Hansson, R. O., Jones, W. H., Carpenter, B. N., & Remondet, J. H. (1987). Loneliness and adjustment to old age. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 24(1), 41-53.
  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • ICAA, International Council on Active Aging. (2013). The ICAA Mod-el. Retrieved on May 13, from http://www.icaa.cc/activeagingand wellness.htm.
  • Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 31–36.
  • Kalache A. and Keller I. (2000). The greying world: a challenge for the 21st century. Science Progress 83 (1), 33-54.
  • Kavi, E., Koçak, O., (2011). Çalışma yaşamında etik, Ekin Kitabevi, Bursa.
  • Kavi, E., (2017). Örgütsel stres ve stres yönetimi. Çalışma Yaşamında Güncel Psikolojik Konular, Edit.Ersin Kavi, Dora Yay., Bursa
  • Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) Using SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS. The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry, 52-54.
  • Mardia, K. (1974). Applications of some measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis in testing normality and robustness studies. The Indian Journal of Statistics, 115-128.
  • Milner, C. (2013). Building the foundation for active aging, The Journal on Active Aging, www.icaa.cc
  • Özer, M. and Karabulut, Ö. (2003). Yaşlılarda yaşam doyumu. Türk Geriatri Dergisi, 6(2), 72-74.
  • Palabıyık, H. (2011). İl özel idaresi ve belediye hizmetlerine gönüllü katilim. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 83-114.
  • Rodrigues, R. Maria H. Kai L. and Juliane W. (2013). Active and healthy ageing for better long term care A fresh look at innovative practice examples, Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic.
  • Seyyar, A. (2002). Sosyal siyaset terimleri, Ansiklopedik Sözlük, 1. Baskı, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Soyuer, F. ve Soyuer, A. (2008). Yaşlılık ve fiziksel aktivite. İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 219-224.
  • Uyanık, Y. (2017). Yaşlılık, yaşlanan nüfus ve sosyal politika. İş ve Hayat Dergisi,5 ,67-100
  • Walker, A. (2012). ACTIVE AGEING: A Source of Empowerment?, IFA 11th Global Conference on Ageing Prague, 31st May 2012.
  • Walker, A., Maltby, T. (2012). Active Ageing: A strategic policy solution to demographic ageing in the European Union. International Journal of Social Welfare, 17, 117-130. doi: 10.1111/j.1468- 2397.2012.00871.x
  • WHO. (2002). ACTIVE AGEING: A POLICY FRAMEWORK, World Health Organization, Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster Noncommunicable Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Department Ageing and Life Course, A contribution of the World Health Organization to the Second United Nations World Assembly on Ageing, Madrid, Spain.
  • Yüksel, S., Canöz, İ., and Özsarı, M. (2017). Causality relationship between interest rate of deposit banks and profit share rate of islamic banks in turkey. IKONOMIKA, 2(2), 131-148.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Orhan Koçak 0000-0002-0281-8805

Abdülhakim Beki This is me 0000-0001-8084-5596

Serkan Eti 0000-0002-4791-4091

Publication Date August 31, 2018
Acceptance Date July 30, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 8 Issue: 15

Cite

APA Koçak, O., Beki, A., & Eti, S. (2018). The Effects of the Different Activities on the Depression Level of Older People. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 8(15), 1241-1266. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.440175