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Borophene Production and Characterization by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method

Year 2023, , 120 - 130, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1271515

Abstract

After the synthesis of graphene, studies on two-dimensional (2D) materials continued, and resulting that borophene is a magic 2D superfine material. While most of the study on borophene is still theoretical, and few experimental studies have been observed. In this study, the parameters of the copper coating surfaces, which are widely used in electronic applications, with borophene synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and the coatings’ characterization were investigated. Thin copper films were chosen as the substrate material and borophene synthesis was carried out by CVD method with a 1/1 gravimetric ratio of metallic boron and boroxide powder mixture, 50 milliTor pressure and 100 sccm hydrogen gas at a temperature range of 950-1035 °C. Characteristic borophene bands at 181 cm-1, and 1148 cm-1 were observed by Raman Spectrometry. The nanostructure was confirmed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity was tested with the four-point probe technique, and it was observed that the electrical resistance increased with increasing temperature, the conductivity completely disappeared at 1035 °C. As a result of the study, the parameters required for the production and characterization studies of borophene film layers were defined and recorded.

References

  • Bergmann, R. B., Berge, C., Rinke, T. J., Schmidt, J. ve Werner, J. H. (2002). Advances in monocrystalline si thin film solar cells by layer transfer. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 74(1-4), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00070-3
  • Faghihnasiri, M., Jafari H., Ramazani A., Shabani, M., Estalaki, S. M. ve Larson, R. G. (2019). Nonlinear elastic behavior and anisotropic electronic properties of two-dimensional borophene. Journal of Applied Physics, 125(14), 145107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5079932
  • Kootenaei, A. S. ve Ansari G. (2016). B36 borophene as an electronic sensor for formaldehyde: Quantum chemical analysis. Physics Letters A, 380(34), 2664–2668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2016.06.016
  • Li, D., Tang Q. Q., He J., Li B., Ding, G., Feng C., Zhou H. ve Zhang G. (2019). From two-to threedimensional van der waals layered structures of boron crystals: An ab initio study. ACS Omega, 4(5), 8015–8021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00534
  • Li, L., Zhang H. ve Cheng X. (2017). The high hydrogen storage capacities of Li-decorated borophene. Computational Materials Science, 137, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.05.032
  • Mannix, A. J., Zhang Z., Guisinger N. P., Yakobson B. I. ve Hersam M. C. (2018). Borophene as a prototype for synthetic 2D materials development, Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0157-4
  • Meng, F., Chen X., Sun S. ve He J. (2017). Electronic and magnetic properties of pristine and hydrogenated borophene nanoribbons. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 91, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2017.04.014
  • Mohan, V. B., Lau, K. T. ve Hui, D. ve Bhattacharyya, D. (2018). Graphene-based materials and their composites: A review on production, applications and product limitations. Composites Part B: Engineering, 142, 200–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.013
  • Parakhonskiy, G., Dubrovinskaia, N., Dubrovinsky, L., Mondal, S. ve van Smaalen, S. (2011). High pressure synthesis of single crystals of α-boron. Journal of Crystal Growth, 321, 162–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.02.036
  • Peng, B., Zhang H., Shao, H., Xu, Y., Zhang, R. ve Zhu, H. (2016). The electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of borophene from first-principles calculations. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 4, 3592–3598. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC00115G
  • Rana, M., Luo B., Kaiser, M. R., Gentle, I. ve Knibbe, R. (2020). The role of functional materials to produce high areal capacity lithium sulfur battery. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 42, 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.06.015
  • Shukla, V., Wärnå, J., Jena N. K., Grigoriev, A. ve Ahuja, R. (2017). Toward the realization of 2D borophene based gas sensor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121(48), 26869–26876. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09552
  • Tai, G., Hu, T., Zhou, Y. Wang, X., Kong, J., Zeng, T., You, Y. ve Wang, Q. (2015). Synthesis of atomically thin boron films on copper foils. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(51), 15473–15477. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201509285
  • Tan C., Cao X., Wu X. J., He, Q., Yang J., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Zhao W., Han, S. ve Nam, G. H. (2017). Recent advances in ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chemical reviews, 117, 6225–6331. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00558
  • Wang, H. F., Li, Q. F., Gao, Y., Miao, F., Zhou, X. F. ve Wan, X. G. (2016). Strain effects on borophene: ideal strength, negative Possion’s ratio and phonon instability. New Journal of Physics, 18(7), 073016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073016
  • Wang, Z. Q., Lü, T. Y., Wang, H Q., Feng, Y. P. ve Zheng, J. C. (2019). Review of borophene and its potential applications. Frontiers of Physics, 14, 33403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-019-0884-5
  • Xie, Z., Meng, X., Li, X., Liang, W., Huang, W., Chen, K., ... ve Zhang, H. (2020). Two-dimensional borophene: Properties, fabrication, and promising applications. Research, 2020, 2624617, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/2624617
  • Xu, L. C., Du, A. ve Kou, L. (2016). Hydrogenated borophene as a stable two-dimensional Dirac material with an ultrahigh Fermi velocity. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18(39), 27284-27289. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP05405F
  • Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2004). Türkiye için önemli bir maden: Bor. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000046
  • Zhang, C., He, Q., Chu, W. ve Zhaoi, Y. (2020). Transition metals doped borophene-graphene heterostructure for robust polysulfide anchoring: A first principle study. Applied Surface Science, 534(30), 147575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147575
  • Zhang, Z., Mannix, A. J., Liu, X., Hu, Z., Guisinger, N. P., Hersam, M. C. Ve Yakobson, B. I. (2019). Near-equilibrium growth from borophene edges on silver. Science advances, 5(9), https://doi.org/eaax0246. 10.1126/sciadv.aax0246
  • Zhao, S., Wu, Y., Zhou, B. ve Liu, X. (2019). Synthesis of boron nanosheets in copper medium. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 17337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53851-6
  • Zhou, H., Bhattacharya, T., Tran, D., Siew T. S. T. ve Khambadkone, A. M. (2010). Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultra-capacitor with dynamic energy management in micro grid applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26(3), 923-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53851-6
  • Zhoura, K., Otero-Mato, J. M., Hassan, F. E. H., Fahs, H., Vaezzadeh, M., López-Lago, E., Gallego, L. J. ve Varela, L. M. (2021). Tuning the hybrid borophene-/graphene-ionic liquid interface: Effect of metal cations on the electronic and photonic properties. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 321, 114759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114759

Kimyasal Buhar Biriktirme Yöntemi ile Borofen Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu

Year 2023, , 120 - 130, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1271515

Abstract

Grafenin sentezlenmesinin ardından iki boyutlu (2D) malzemeler hakkında çalışmalar devam etmiş ve bu çalışmalar neticesinde borofenin 2D sihirli bir süper ince malzeme olduğu keşfedilmiştir. Borofen üzerindeki çalışmaların çoğu halen teorik olarak devam etmekle birlikte çok az deneysel çalışma gözlenmiştir. Üstün özellikleri sebebiyle gelecekte bu malzemenin farklı teknolojilerde çokça karşımıza çıkacağı ön görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada elektronik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılan bakır yüzeylerin kimyasal buhar biriktirme (CVD) yöntemi ile sentezlenmiş borofen ile kaplanmasına ait parametreler ve kaplamaların karakterizasyonuna etkileri araştırılmıştır. İnce bakır filmler altlık malzemesi olarak seçilmiş ve 950-1035 °C sıcaklık aralıklarında CVD yöntemi ile 1/1 gravimetrik oranda metalik bor ve boroksit toz karışımı, 50 mili Tor basınç ve 100 sccm hidrojen gazı altında borofen sentezi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen borofen ince filmlerin karakterizasyon çalışmasında Raman Spektrometresi’nden faydalanılmış ve 181 cm-1 ile 1148 cm-1’deki karakteristik bantları gözlenmiştir. Sentezlenen ince film tabakaların yapı kontrollerinde Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak nano yapı doğrulanmıştır. Kaplamaların elektriksel iletkenlikleri dört nokta prob tekniği ile test edilmiş, artan sıcaklık ile elektriksel direncin arttığı gözlenmiş ve 1035 °C’den sonra iletkenliğin tamamen ortadan kalktığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda borofen film tabakalarının üretilmesi ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları için gerekli olan parametreler tanımlanarak kayıt altına alınmıştır.

References

  • Bergmann, R. B., Berge, C., Rinke, T. J., Schmidt, J. ve Werner, J. H. (2002). Advances in monocrystalline si thin film solar cells by layer transfer. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 74(1-4), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-0248(02)00070-3
  • Faghihnasiri, M., Jafari H., Ramazani A., Shabani, M., Estalaki, S. M. ve Larson, R. G. (2019). Nonlinear elastic behavior and anisotropic electronic properties of two-dimensional borophene. Journal of Applied Physics, 125(14), 145107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5079932
  • Kootenaei, A. S. ve Ansari G. (2016). B36 borophene as an electronic sensor for formaldehyde: Quantum chemical analysis. Physics Letters A, 380(34), 2664–2668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2016.06.016
  • Li, D., Tang Q. Q., He J., Li B., Ding, G., Feng C., Zhou H. ve Zhang G. (2019). From two-to threedimensional van der waals layered structures of boron crystals: An ab initio study. ACS Omega, 4(5), 8015–8021. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b00534
  • Li, L., Zhang H. ve Cheng X. (2017). The high hydrogen storage capacities of Li-decorated borophene. Computational Materials Science, 137, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2017.05.032
  • Mannix, A. J., Zhang Z., Guisinger N. P., Yakobson B. I. ve Hersam M. C. (2018). Borophene as a prototype for synthetic 2D materials development, Nature Nanotechnology, 13, 444–450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-018-0157-4
  • Meng, F., Chen X., Sun S. ve He J. (2017). Electronic and magnetic properties of pristine and hydrogenated borophene nanoribbons. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 91, 106–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2017.04.014
  • Mohan, V. B., Lau, K. T. ve Hui, D. ve Bhattacharyya, D. (2018). Graphene-based materials and their composites: A review on production, applications and product limitations. Composites Part B: Engineering, 142, 200–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.01.013
  • Parakhonskiy, G., Dubrovinskaia, N., Dubrovinsky, L., Mondal, S. ve van Smaalen, S. (2011). High pressure synthesis of single crystals of α-boron. Journal of Crystal Growth, 321, 162–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.02.036
  • Peng, B., Zhang H., Shao, H., Xu, Y., Zhang, R. ve Zhu, H. (2016). The electronic, optical, and thermodynamic properties of borophene from first-principles calculations. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 4, 3592–3598. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC00115G
  • Rana, M., Luo B., Kaiser, M. R., Gentle, I. ve Knibbe, R. (2020). The role of functional materials to produce high areal capacity lithium sulfur battery. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 42, 195-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2019.06.015
  • Shukla, V., Wärnå, J., Jena N. K., Grigoriev, A. ve Ahuja, R. (2017). Toward the realization of 2D borophene based gas sensor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 121(48), 26869–26876. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09552
  • Tai, G., Hu, T., Zhou, Y. Wang, X., Kong, J., Zeng, T., You, Y. ve Wang, Q. (2015). Synthesis of atomically thin boron films on copper foils. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 54(51), 15473–15477. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201509285
  • Tan C., Cao X., Wu X. J., He, Q., Yang J., Zhang, X., Chen, J., Zhao W., Han, S. ve Nam, G. H. (2017). Recent advances in ultrathin two-dimensional nanomaterials. Chemical reviews, 117, 6225–6331. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00558
  • Wang, H. F., Li, Q. F., Gao, Y., Miao, F., Zhou, X. F. ve Wan, X. G. (2016). Strain effects on borophene: ideal strength, negative Possion’s ratio and phonon instability. New Journal of Physics, 18(7), 073016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/18/7/073016
  • Wang, Z. Q., Lü, T. Y., Wang, H Q., Feng, Y. P. ve Zheng, J. C. (2019). Review of borophene and its potential applications. Frontiers of Physics, 14, 33403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-019-0884-5
  • Xie, Z., Meng, X., Li, X., Liang, W., Huang, W., Chen, K., ... ve Zhang, H. (2020). Two-dimensional borophene: Properties, fabrication, and promising applications. Research, 2020, 2624617, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/2624617
  • Xu, L. C., Du, A. ve Kou, L. (2016). Hydrogenated borophene as a stable two-dimensional Dirac material with an ultrahigh Fermi velocity. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 18(39), 27284-27289. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP05405F
  • Yiğitbaşıoğlu, H. (2004). Türkiye için önemli bir maden: Bor. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000046
  • Zhang, C., He, Q., Chu, W. ve Zhaoi, Y. (2020). Transition metals doped borophene-graphene heterostructure for robust polysulfide anchoring: A first principle study. Applied Surface Science, 534(30), 147575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.147575
  • Zhang, Z., Mannix, A. J., Liu, X., Hu, Z., Guisinger, N. P., Hersam, M. C. Ve Yakobson, B. I. (2019). Near-equilibrium growth from borophene edges on silver. Science advances, 5(9), https://doi.org/eaax0246. 10.1126/sciadv.aax0246
  • Zhao, S., Wu, Y., Zhou, B. ve Liu, X. (2019). Synthesis of boron nanosheets in copper medium. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 17337. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53851-6
  • Zhou, H., Bhattacharya, T., Tran, D., Siew T. S. T. ve Khambadkone, A. M. (2010). Composite energy storage system involving battery and ultra-capacitor with dynamic energy management in micro grid applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26(3), 923-930. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53851-6
  • Zhoura, K., Otero-Mato, J. M., Hassan, F. E. H., Fahs, H., Vaezzadeh, M., López-Lago, E., Gallego, L. J. ve Varela, L. M. (2021). Tuning the hybrid borophene-/graphene-ionic liquid interface: Effect of metal cations on the electronic and photonic properties. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 321, 114759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114759
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Erhan Özkan 0000-0002-3849-6713

Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date March 29, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Özkan, E. (2023). Kimyasal Buhar Biriktirme Yöntemi ile Borofen Üretimi ve Karakterizasyonu. Ordu Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 13(2), 120-130. https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1271515