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Türkiye’de Psikolojik Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Öğrencilerinin Etik İnanışları

Year 2018, Volume: 44 Issue: 44, 196 - 212, 01.07.2018

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, psikolojik
danışmanlık ve rehberlik (PDR) programına yeni başlayan öğrenciler ile programı
bitirmek üzere olan öğrencilerin etik inanışlarını, Türk PDR etik kodları
çerçevesinde karşılaştırmaktır. Araştırmaya PDR öğrenim gören 251 öğrenci
katılmış ve veriler Gibson ve Pope'nun (1993) etik inanışları ve uygulaması
anketi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Uygulanan anketin geçerlilik testi
sonuçlarına göre Cronbach’s alpha değeri .89 bulunmuştur.  Veriler Ki-Kare ve Cramer’s V testleri ile incelenerek sonuçlar
tartışılmıştır.  Yapılan bu inceleme
sonucunda iki grubun kararları arasında ikili ilişkiler, çok kültürlü danışma,
yetkinlik, gizlilik, intihar önleme, ücretler ve reklamlar ile test yönetimi
konularında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların
sadece %48'i, Türk PDR etik kodlarını etik bilgisi için birincil kaynak olarak
kabul etmiştir. Türkiye’de, PDR alanındaki etik standartlarının yükseltilmesi
için görüş ve öneriler de paylaşılmıştır.  

References

  • American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Ametrano, I. M. (2014). Teaching ethical decision making: helping students reconcile personal and professional values.
  • Journal of Counseling & Development, 92: 154–161. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00143.x
  • Arslan, U., Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2018). The new stage of counseling in Turkey: Explosive Growth. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development. doi:10.1002/jmcd.12096
  • Barnett, J. E., & Johnson, W. B. (2010). Ethics desk reference for counselors. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Boudah, D. J. (2010). Conducting educational research: Guide to completing a major project. Thousand Oak, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs. (2009). CACREP standards. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2009-Standards.pdf.
  • de las Fuentes, C., Willmuth, M. E., & Yarrow, C. (2005). Competency training in ethics education and practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(4), 362-366. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.362
  • Downs, L. (2003). A preliminary survey of relationships between counselor educators’ ethics education and ensuing pedagogy and responses to attractions with counseling students. Counseling and Values, 48, 2-13. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.2003.tb00270.x
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çetinkaya, E. (2007). Etik: Davranışta kırılma noktası. R. Özyürek, F. Korkut Owen, & D. Owen (Eds.). Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, meslekleşme sürecinde ilerlemeler (pp. 163-182). Turkey: Nobel Yayinevi
  • Even, T. A., & Robinson, C. R. (2013). The impact of CACREP accreditation: A multiway frequency analysis of ethics violations and sanctions. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91, 26-34. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00067.x
  • Gibson, W. T., & Pope, K. S. (1993). The ethics of counseling: A national survey of certified counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71, 330-336. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02222.x
  • Glosoff, H. L. (2013). The Counseling Profession: Historical perspectives and current issues and trends. In D. Capuzzi & D.R. Gross (Eds.), Introduction to the counseling profession (3-57). United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Handelsman, M. M. (1986). Problems with ethics training by “osmosis.” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17, 371-372.
  • Herlihy, B., & Corey, G. (2015). ACA ethical standards casebook (7th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Herlihy, B., & Dufrene, R. L. (2011). Current and emerging ethical issues in counseling: A delphi study of expert opinions. Counseling & Values, 56, 10-24. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2011.tb01028.x
  • Hill, A. L. (2004). Ethics education: Recommendations for an evolving discipline. Counseling and Values, 48, 183-203. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2004.tb00245.x
  • Hoy, W. K. (2009). Quantitative research in education: A primer. Thousands Oak, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2015). Psikolojik danışman eğitiminde cinsel yönelim olgusunun irdelenmesi: benim çocuğum filmi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44).
  • Korkut, F., & Mızıkacı, F. (2008). Avrupa Birliği, Bologna süreci ve Türkiyede psikolojik danışman eğitimi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 14, 99-122.
  • Korkut-Owen, F., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2013). Counseling in Turkey. Hohenshil, T. H., Amundson, N. E., & Spencer, G. N. (Eds.), Counseling Around the World: An International Handbook, (pp. 293-302). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Lambie, G. W., Hagedorn, W. B., & Ieva, K. P. (2010). Social-cognitive development, ethical and legal knowledge, and ethical decision making of counselor education students. Counselor Education & Supervision, 49, 228-246. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00100.x
  • Levitt, D. H., Farry, T. J. & Mazzarella, J. R. (2015), Counselor ethical reasoning: decision-making practice versus theory. Counseling and Values, 60, 84-99. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2015.00062.x
  • Levitt, D. H., & Moorhead, H. J. H. (Eds.). (2013). Values and Ethics in Counseling: Real-life Ethical Decision Making. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Neukrug, E., Milliken, T., & Walden, S. (2001). Ethical complaints made against credentialed counselors: An updated survey of state licensing boards. Counselor Education and Supervision, 41, 57-70. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2001.tb01268.x
  • Oktay., A. (2015). Psikiyatride Hastanın Zorla Hastaneye Yatırılması Ve Tedavisinin Hukuki Boyutu. Retrieved from http://www.turkhukuksitesi.com/makale_1210.htm
  • Özgüven, E. (1990). Ülkemizde psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik faaliyetlerinin dünü ve bugünü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma Ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 1(1), 4-15.
  • Patterson, J. B. (1989). Ethical training in rehabilitation counseling programs: A national survey. Rehabilitation Education, 3, 155-161.
  • Pope, K. S., Tabachnick, B. G., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1987). Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists. American Psychologist, 42, 993-1006. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.42.11.993
  • Poyrazlı, S., Doğan, S., & Eskin, M. (2013). Counseling and psychotherapy in Turkey: Western theories and culturally inclusive. R. Moodley, U. P. Gielen, & R. Wu (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy in an International Context (pp. 404-414). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Schumam, H., & Stanley P. (1981). Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys. New York: Academic Press.
  • Somer, E., & Saadon, M. (1999). Therapist-client sex: Clients' retrospective reports. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 504-509. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.5.504
  • Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2007). Clinical Interviewing. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sturgis, P., Roberts, C., & Smith, P. (2014). Middle alternatives revisited: how the neither/nor response acts as a way of saying “i don’t know”?. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(1), 15-38.
  • Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065.x
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • The Civil Code of Republic of Turkey (CCRT). (2016). Article 2. (Oruc. K. Trans.). Retrieved from http://www.turkhukuksitesi.com/mevzuat.php?mid=678#ceviri
  • The Constitution of Republic of Turkey (CRT). (2016). Article 17. Retrieved from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2011.pdf
  • Türk Ceza Kanunu. (2017). Madde 208/1 & 278. Retrieved from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html
  • Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association. (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar. Retrieved from http://pdr.org.tr/userfiles/file/etik.pdf.
  • Urofsky, R., & Sowa, C. (2004). Ethics education in CACREP-accredited counselor education programs. Counseling and Values, 49, 37-47. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2004.tb00251.x
  • Vanek, C. A. (1990). Survey of ethics education in clinical and counseling psychology programs (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois).
  • Yesilyaprak, B. (2009). The development of the field of psychological counseling and guidance in turkey: Recent advances and future prospects. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 42(1), 193-213.
  • Yüksel-Şahin, F. (2008). Ortaöğretimdeki öğrenci görüşlerine göre psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 1-26

Ethical Beliefs of Counseling Students in Turkey

Year 2018, Volume: 44 Issue: 44, 196 - 212, 01.07.2018

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to examine
the ethical beliefs of Turkish senior counseling students who are eligible to
be counselors, and to compare these beliefs with those of Turkish freshmen
counseling students based on Turkish counseling ethical codes.  Gibson
and Pope’s (1993) ethical beliefs and practice survey was used to collect data
from 251 Turkish counseling students. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the
instrument was .89 in this study. Data was analyzed and discussed using a
chi-square test and Cramer’s
V. Statistically significant differences were
found on subjects related to dual relationships, multicultural counseling,
competency, confidentiality, suicide
prevention, fees and advertisements, and test administration. Only 48% of
participants considered the Turkish ethical codes as a primary source for
ethics information. Suggestions are shared to increase counseling ethical
standards in Turkey.

References

  • American Counseling Association. (2014). 2014 ACA code of ethics. Alexandria, VA: Author.
  • Ametrano, I. M. (2014). Teaching ethical decision making: helping students reconcile personal and professional values.
  • Journal of Counseling & Development, 92: 154–161. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2014.00143.x
  • Arslan, U., Sommers-Flanagan, J. (2018). The new stage of counseling in Turkey: Explosive Growth. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development. doi:10.1002/jmcd.12096
  • Barnett, J. E., & Johnson, W. B. (2010). Ethics desk reference for counselors. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Boudah, D. J. (2010). Conducting educational research: Guide to completing a major project. Thousand Oak, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Council for Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs. (2009). CACREP standards. Retrieved from http://www.cacrep.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2009-Standards.pdf.
  • de las Fuentes, C., Willmuth, M. E., & Yarrow, C. (2005). Competency training in ethics education and practice. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(4), 362-366. doi:10.1037/0735-7028.36.4.362
  • Downs, L. (2003). A preliminary survey of relationships between counselor educators’ ethics education and ensuing pedagogy and responses to attractions with counseling students. Counseling and Values, 48, 2-13. doi: 10.1002/j.2161-007X.2003.tb00270.x
  • Erdur-Baker, Ö., & Çetinkaya, E. (2007). Etik: Davranışta kırılma noktası. R. Özyürek, F. Korkut Owen, & D. Owen (Eds.). Gelişen psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik, meslekleşme sürecinde ilerlemeler (pp. 163-182). Turkey: Nobel Yayinevi
  • Even, T. A., & Robinson, C. R. (2013). The impact of CACREP accreditation: A multiway frequency analysis of ethics violations and sanctions. Journal of Counseling & Development, 91, 26-34. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00067.x
  • Gibson, W. T., & Pope, K. S. (1993). The ethics of counseling: A national survey of certified counselors. Journal of Counseling & Development, 71, 330-336. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1993.tb02222.x
  • Glosoff, H. L. (2013). The Counseling Profession: Historical perspectives and current issues and trends. In D. Capuzzi & D.R. Gross (Eds.), Introduction to the counseling profession (3-57). United Kingdom: Routledge.
  • Handelsman, M. M. (1986). Problems with ethics training by “osmosis.” Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 17, 371-372.
  • Herlihy, B., & Corey, G. (2015). ACA ethical standards casebook (7th ed.). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Herlihy, B., & Dufrene, R. L. (2011). Current and emerging ethical issues in counseling: A delphi study of expert opinions. Counseling & Values, 56, 10-24. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2011.tb01028.x
  • Hill, A. L. (2004). Ethics education: Recommendations for an evolving discipline. Counseling and Values, 48, 183-203. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2004.tb00245.x
  • Hoy, W. K. (2009). Quantitative research in education: A primer. Thousands Oak, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Kağnıcı, D. Y. (2015). Psikolojik danışman eğitiminde cinsel yönelim olgusunun irdelenmesi: benim çocuğum filmi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 5(44).
  • Korkut, F., & Mızıkacı, F. (2008). Avrupa Birliği, Bologna süreci ve Türkiyede psikolojik danışman eğitimi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi Dergisi, 14, 99-122.
  • Korkut-Owen, F., & Yerin Güneri, O. (2013). Counseling in Turkey. Hohenshil, T. H., Amundson, N. E., & Spencer, G. N. (Eds.), Counseling Around the World: An International Handbook, (pp. 293-302). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
  • Lambie, G. W., Hagedorn, W. B., & Ieva, K. P. (2010). Social-cognitive development, ethical and legal knowledge, and ethical decision making of counselor education students. Counselor Education & Supervision, 49, 228-246. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2010.tb00100.x
  • Levitt, D. H., Farry, T. J. & Mazzarella, J. R. (2015), Counselor ethical reasoning: decision-making practice versus theory. Counseling and Values, 60, 84-99. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2015.00062.x
  • Levitt, D. H., & Moorhead, H. J. H. (Eds.). (2013). Values and Ethics in Counseling: Real-life Ethical Decision Making. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Neukrug, E., Milliken, T., & Walden, S. (2001). Ethical complaints made against credentialed counselors: An updated survey of state licensing boards. Counselor Education and Supervision, 41, 57-70. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6978.2001.tb01268.x
  • Oktay., A. (2015). Psikiyatride Hastanın Zorla Hastaneye Yatırılması Ve Tedavisinin Hukuki Boyutu. Retrieved from http://www.turkhukuksitesi.com/makale_1210.htm
  • Özgüven, E. (1990). Ülkemizde psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik faaliyetlerinin dünü ve bugünü. Türk Psikolojik Danışma Ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 1(1), 4-15.
  • Patterson, J. B. (1989). Ethical training in rehabilitation counseling programs: A national survey. Rehabilitation Education, 3, 155-161.
  • Pope, K. S., Tabachnick, B. G., & Keith-Spiegel, P. (1987). Ethics of practice: The beliefs and behaviors of psychologists as therapists. American Psychologist, 42, 993-1006. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.42.11.993
  • Poyrazlı, S., Doğan, S., & Eskin, M. (2013). Counseling and psychotherapy in Turkey: Western theories and culturally inclusive. R. Moodley, U. P. Gielen, & R. Wu (Eds.), Handbook of Counseling and Psychotherapy in an International Context (pp. 404-414). New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Schumam, H., & Stanley P. (1981). Questions and Answers in Attitude Surveys. New York: Academic Press.
  • Somer, E., & Saadon, M. (1999). Therapist-client sex: Clients' retrospective reports. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 30, 504-509. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.30.5.504
  • Sommers-Flanagan, J., & Sommers-Flanagan, R. (2007). Clinical Interviewing. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sturgis, P., Roberts, C., & Smith, P. (2014). Middle alternatives revisited: how the neither/nor response acts as a way of saying “i don’t know”?. Sociological Methods & Research, 43(1), 15-38.
  • Stockton, R., & Güneri, O. Y. (2011). Counseling in Turkey: An evolving field. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(1), 98-104. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00065.x
  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2016). Counseling the culturally diverse: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
  • The Civil Code of Republic of Turkey (CCRT). (2016). Article 2. (Oruc. K. Trans.). Retrieved from http://www.turkhukuksitesi.com/mevzuat.php?mid=678#ceviri
  • The Constitution of Republic of Turkey (CRT). (2016). Article 17. Retrieved from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/anayasa/anayasa_2011.pdf
  • Türk Ceza Kanunu. (2017). Madde 208/1 & 278. Retrieved from http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/kanunlar/k5237.html
  • Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Association. (2011). Psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik alanında çalışanlar için etik kurallar. Retrieved from http://pdr.org.tr/userfiles/file/etik.pdf.
  • Urofsky, R., & Sowa, C. (2004). Ethics education in CACREP-accredited counselor education programs. Counseling and Values, 49, 37-47. doi:10.1002/j.2161-007X.2004.tb00251.x
  • Vanek, C. A. (1990). Survey of ethics education in clinical and counseling psychology programs (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Illinois).
  • Yesilyaprak, B. (2009). The development of the field of psychological counseling and guidance in turkey: Recent advances and future prospects. Ankara University, Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences, 42(1), 193-213.
  • Yüksel-Şahin, F. (2008). Ortaöğretimdeki öğrenci görüşlerine göre psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik (PDR) hizmetlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(2), 1-26
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ümüt Arslan 0000-0002-3611-9607

John Sommers-flanagan This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2018
Submission Date April 4, 2018
Acceptance Date June 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 44 Issue: 44

Cite

APA Arslan, Ü., & Sommers-flanagan, J. (2018). Ethical Beliefs of Counseling Students in Turkey. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 44(44), 196-212.