Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic, 478 - 493, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1362040

Abstract

References

  • Armstrong, G. S., Cain, C. M., Wylie, L. E., Muftić, L. R., & Bouffard, L. A. (2018). Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence: A nationally representative sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 58, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. [Manual of data analysis for social sciences] Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Calvete, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Gonzalez-Diez, Z., Lopez de Arroyabe, E., Sampedro, R., ... Borrajo, E. (2013). Brief report: The adolescent child-to-parent aggression questionnaire: An examination of aggressions against parents in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 1077–1081. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.017
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2013). Child-to-parent violence: emotional and behavioral predictors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 755–772. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862 60512455869
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., and González-Cabrera, J. (2017). Violencia filio-parental: Comparando lo que informan los adolescentes y sus progenitores. [Child-to-parent violence: comparing adolescent-reports with parent-reports]. Rev. Psicol. Clíni. Niñ. Adolesc. 4, 9–15. Retriewed from https://www.revistapcna.com/sites/default/files/16-08.pdf.
  • Cano‐Lozano, M. C., León, S. P., & Contreras, L. (2021a). Child‐to‐Parent Violence: Examining the Frequency and Reasons in Spanish Youth. Family Relations, 70(4), 1132-1149. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12567
  • Cano-Lozano, M. C., Navas-Martínez, M. J., & Contreras, L. (2021b). Child-to-parent violence during confinement due to COVID-19: Relationship with other forms of family violence and psychosocial stressors in Spanish youth. Sustainability, 13(20), 11431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011431
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları, [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications] Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2014). Adolescent to parent violence: Framing and mapping a hidden problem. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 14(3), 257-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895813500155
  • Contreras, L., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2014). Family profile of young offenders who abuse their parents: a comparison with general offenders and non-offender adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 901-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10896014- 9637-y
  • Contreras, L., Bustos-Navarrete, C., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2019). Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q): Validation among Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.09.00
  • Contreras, L., León, S. P., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2020). Assessing Child-to-Parent Violence With the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire, Parents’ Version (CPV-QP): Factor Structure, Prevalence, and Reasons. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 604956. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604956
  • Cottrell, B. (2001). Parent abuse: The abuse of parent by their teenage children. Ottawa: Family Violence Prevention Unit, Health Canada.
  • Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire in a clinical sample of adolescents who abuse their parents: Prevalence and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 33(2), 203-217. http://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i2.166
  • Doğan, N., Soysal, S., Karaman, H. (2017). Aynı örnekleme açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanabilir mi? [Can exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis be applied to the same sample?] Pegem Atıf İndeksi, [Pegem Citation Index] 373-400.
  • Eryılmaz, A., & Mammadov, M. (2016). Ergen-ebeveyn çatışma ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. [Examining the psychometric properties of the adolescent-parent conflict scale.] Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, [Journal of Child and Youth Mental Health] 23(3), 201-210. Retrieved from https://cms.cogepderg.com/Uploads/Article_27555/cogepderg-23-201.pdf.
  • Fabrigar L. R., Wegener D. T., MacCallum R. C., Strahan E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS, Londra: Sage Publications
  • Harbin, H. T., & Madden, D. J. (1979). Battered Parents: A New Syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1288-1291. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.10.1288
  • Harries, T., Curtis, A., Skvarc, D., Walker, A., & Mayshak, R. (2022). The Child-to-Parent Violence Functions Scale (CPV-F): Development and Validation. Journal of Family Violence, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00425-2
  • Haskan, Ö., & Yıldırım, İ. (2012). Şiddet eğilimi ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. [Development of the violence tendency scale.] Eğitim ve Bilim, [Education and Science] 37(163), 165-177. Retrieved from http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/1000
  • Holmbeck, G. N., & Hill, J. P. (1988). Storm and stress beliefs about adolescence: Prevalence, self-reported antecedents, and effects of an undergraduate course. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(4), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0153761
  • Ibabe, I., & Bentler, P. (2016). The contribution of family relationships to child-to-parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 31, 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9764-0
  • Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2014). Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence. The European Journal Of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 6(2), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.06.004
  • Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2023). Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-to-parent abuse: parents and children as participants. Journal of Family Studies, 29 (1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1872404
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Lyons, J., Bell, T., Fréchette, S., & Romano, E. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: Frequency and family correlates. Journal of Family Violence, 30(6), 729–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8
  • Margolin, G., & Baucom, B. R. (2014). Adolescents' aggression to parents: Longitudinal links with parents' physical aggression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 645-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.05.008
  • O’Hara, K. L., Duchschere, J. E., Beck, C. J., & Lawrence, E. (2017). Adolescent-to-parent violence: Translating study into effective practice. Adolescent Study Review, 2, 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0051-y
  • Özdemir-Bişkin, S. (2023, Mart). Aile İçi Şiddetin Farklı Bir Boyutu: Ebeveyne Yönelik Şiddet. [A Different Dimension of Domestic Violence: Violence Against Parents.] 6th İnternational Health Sciences and Life Congress, Burdur.
  • Pagani, L. S., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2004). Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 528–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000243
  • Pagani, L., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2009). Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward fathers. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9216-1
  • Pereira, R., Loinaz, I., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Arrospide, J., Bertino, L., Calvo, A., ... & Gutiérrez, M. M. (2017). Proposal for a definition of filio-parental violence: Consensus of the Spanish Society for the Study of Filio-Parental Violence (SEVIFIP). Papeles Del Psicólogo, 38(3), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2839
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile prtaik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma. [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL: Analysis and reporting] Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Simmons, M. L., McEwan, T. E., & Purcell, R. (2019). “But all kids yell at their parents, don’t they?”: Social norms about child-to-parent abuse in Australia. Journal of Family Issues, 40(11), 1486-1508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19842587
  • Simmons, M., McEwan, T., Purcell, R., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018). Sixty years of child-to-parent abuse study: What we know and where to go. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 38, 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.11.001
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. [Structural equation models: Basic concepts and example applications]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, [Turkish Psychology Articles] 3(6), 49-74. Retrieved from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-04302-005
  • Ulman, A., & Straus, M. A. (2003). Violence by children against mothers in relation to violence between parents and corporal punishment by parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(1), 41–60. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41603861
  • Wilcox, P, Pooley, M, Ferrando, M, Coogan, D, Lauster, E, Assenova, A & Mortensen, U (2015) Responding to Child to Parent Violence – Executive Summary of the Responding to Child to Parent Violence Project. Brighton. Available at http://www.rcpv.eu/78-rcpv-executive-summary-may-2015-english/fileAnd
  • Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale Development Research: A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127

Development of Child to Parent Violence Scale (CPV-S): Investigating Psychometric Properties in Turkish Adolescents

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic, 478 - 493, 25.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1362040

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a reliable and valid data collection tool for assessing child to parent violence in adolescents. A total of 418 students attending secondary education participated in the study, with 55% (220) being female and 45% (188) being male. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to analyse the factor structure of the scale. The reliability of the scale presented in this study was evaluated using Item-total Correlations, Cronbach’s Alpha (α) and McDonald’s Omega (ω) coefficients. According to the results of factor analysis conducted in this study, it was determined that the Child to Parent Violence Scale (CPV-S) consists of 14 parallel items (Mother and Father forms) consisting of emotional, financial and physical violence dimensions. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the scale generated good values for both the mother and father forms. Concerning criterion related validity, a significant positive relationship was found between child to parent violence for both mother and father forms and tendencies toward violence and adolescent-parent conflict. Lastly Cronbach’s Alpha and McDonald’s Omega coefficients for the Mother Form and Father Form is found to be sufficient. These results show that the scale presented in this study can be utilized to assess child to parent violence in adolescents.

References

  • Armstrong, G. S., Cain, C. M., Wylie, L. E., Muftić, L. R., & Bouffard, L. A. (2018). Risk factor profile of youth incarcerated for child to parent violence: A nationally representative sample. Journal of Criminal Justice, 58, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.06.002
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. [Manual of data analysis for social sciences] Ankara: Pegem Akademi Yayınları.
  • Calvete, E., Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., Gonzalez-Diez, Z., Lopez de Arroyabe, E., Sampedro, R., ... Borrajo, E. (2013). Brief report: The adolescent child-to-parent aggression questionnaire: An examination of aggressions against parents in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 36, 1077–1081. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.adolescence.2013.08.017
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., & Gámez-Guadix, M. (2013). Child-to-parent violence: emotional and behavioral predictors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28, 755–772. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862 60512455869
  • Calvete, E., Orue, I., and González-Cabrera, J. (2017). Violencia filio-parental: Comparando lo que informan los adolescentes y sus progenitores. [Child-to-parent violence: comparing adolescent-reports with parent-reports]. Rev. Psicol. Clíni. Niñ. Adolesc. 4, 9–15. Retriewed from https://www.revistapcna.com/sites/default/files/16-08.pdf.
  • Cano‐Lozano, M. C., León, S. P., & Contreras, L. (2021a). Child‐to‐Parent Violence: Examining the Frequency and Reasons in Spanish Youth. Family Relations, 70(4), 1132-1149. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12567
  • Cano-Lozano, M. C., Navas-Martínez, M. J., & Contreras, L. (2021b). Child-to-parent violence during confinement due to COVID-19: Relationship with other forms of family violence and psychosocial stressors in Spanish youth. Sustainability, 13(20), 11431. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011431
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları, [Multivariate statistics for social sciences: SPSS and LISREL applications] Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Condry, R., & Miles, C. (2014). Adolescent to parent violence: Framing and mapping a hidden problem. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 14(3), 257-275. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895813500155
  • Contreras, L., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2014). Family profile of young offenders who abuse their parents: a comparison with general offenders and non-offender adolescents. Journal of Family Violence, 29, 901-910. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10896014- 9637-y
  • Contreras, L., Bustos-Navarrete, C., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2019). Child-to-parent Violence Questionnaire (CPV-Q): Validation among Spanish adolescents. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 19, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.09.00
  • Contreras, L., León, S. P., & Cano-Lozano, M. C. (2020). Assessing Child-to-Parent Violence With the Child-to-Parent Violence Questionnaire, Parents’ Version (CPV-QP): Factor Structure, Prevalence, and Reasons. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 604956. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.604956
  • Cottrell, B. (2001). Parent abuse: The abuse of parent by their teenage children. Ottawa: Family Violence Prevention Unit, Health Canada.
  • Del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Gámez-Guadix, M., Orue, I., & Calvete, E. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire in a clinical sample of adolescents who abuse their parents: Prevalence and gender differences. Violence and Victims, 33(2), 203-217. http://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.v33.i2.166
  • Doğan, N., Soysal, S., Karaman, H. (2017). Aynı örnekleme açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi uygulanabilir mi? [Can exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis be applied to the same sample?] Pegem Atıf İndeksi, [Pegem Citation Index] 373-400.
  • Eryılmaz, A., & Mammadov, M. (2016). Ergen-ebeveyn çatışma ölçeğinin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. [Examining the psychometric properties of the adolescent-parent conflict scale.] Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi, [Journal of Child and Youth Mental Health] 23(3), 201-210. Retrieved from https://cms.cogepderg.com/Uploads/Article_27555/cogepderg-23-201.pdf.
  • Fabrigar L. R., Wegener D. T., MacCallum R. C., Strahan E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4, 272-299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
  • Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS, Londra: Sage Publications
  • Harbin, H. T., & Madden, D. J. (1979). Battered Parents: A New Syndrome. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 1288-1291. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.136.10.1288
  • Harries, T., Curtis, A., Skvarc, D., Walker, A., & Mayshak, R. (2022). The Child-to-Parent Violence Functions Scale (CPV-F): Development and Validation. Journal of Family Violence, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00425-2
  • Haskan, Ö., & Yıldırım, İ. (2012). Şiddet eğilimi ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. [Development of the violence tendency scale.] Eğitim ve Bilim, [Education and Science] 37(163), 165-177. Retrieved from http://egitimvebilim.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/1000
  • Holmbeck, G. N., & Hill, J. P. (1988). Storm and stress beliefs about adolescence: Prevalence, self-reported antecedents, and effects of an undergraduate course. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 17(4), 285–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0153761
  • Ibabe, I., & Bentler, P. (2016). The contribution of family relationships to child-to-parent violence. Journal of Family Violence, 31, 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9764-0
  • Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., & Elgorriaga, E. (2014). Behavioral problems and depressive symptomatology as predictors of child-to-parent violence. The European Journal Of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 6(2), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpal.2014.06.004
  • Ibabe, I., Arnoso, A., Elgorriaga, E., & Asla, N. (2023). Evaluation report of early intervention program in situation of child-to-parent abuse: parents and children as participants. Journal of Family Studies, 29 (1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2021.1872404
  • Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practices of structural equation modeling. New York: The Guilford Press.
  • Lyons, J., Bell, T., Fréchette, S., & Romano, E. (2015). Child-to-parent violence: Frequency and family correlates. Journal of Family Violence, 30(6), 729–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9716-8
  • Margolin, G., & Baucom, B. R. (2014). Adolescents' aggression to parents: Longitudinal links with parents' physical aggression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(5), 645-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.05.008
  • O’Hara, K. L., Duchschere, J. E., Beck, C. J., & Lawrence, E. (2017). Adolescent-to-parent violence: Translating study into effective practice. Adolescent Study Review, 2, 181-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-016-0051-y
  • Özdemir-Bişkin, S. (2023, Mart). Aile İçi Şiddetin Farklı Bir Boyutu: Ebeveyne Yönelik Şiddet. [A Different Dimension of Domestic Violence: Violence Against Parents.] 6th İnternational Health Sciences and Life Congress, Burdur.
  • Pagani, L. S., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2004). Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward mothers. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 528–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000243
  • Pagani, L., Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D., Zoccolillo, M., Vitaro, F., & McDuff, P. (2009). Risk factor models for adolescent verbal and physical aggression toward fathers. Journal of Family Violence, 24, 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9216-1
  • Pereira, R., Loinaz, I., del Hoyo-Bilbao, J., Arrospide, J., Bertino, L., Calvo, A., ... & Gutiérrez, M. M. (2017). Proposal for a definition of filio-parental violence: Consensus of the Spanish Society for the Study of Filio-Parental Violence (SEVIFIP). Papeles Del Psicólogo, 38(3), 216-223. https://doi.org/10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2839
  • Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile prtaik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma. [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL: Analysis and reporting] Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Simmons, M. L., McEwan, T. E., & Purcell, R. (2019). “But all kids yell at their parents, don’t they?”: Social norms about child-to-parent abuse in Australia. Journal of Family Issues, 40(11), 1486-1508. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19842587
  • Simmons, M., McEwan, T., Purcell, R., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2018). Sixty years of child-to-parent abuse study: What we know and where to go. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 38, 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.11.001
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. [Structural equation models: Basic concepts and example applications]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, [Turkish Psychology Articles] 3(6), 49-74. Retrieved from: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-04302-005
  • Ulman, A., & Straus, M. A. (2003). Violence by children against mothers in relation to violence between parents and corporal punishment by parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(1), 41–60. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41603861
  • Wilcox, P, Pooley, M, Ferrando, M, Coogan, D, Lauster, E, Assenova, A & Mortensen, U (2015) Responding to Child to Parent Violence – Executive Summary of the Responding to Child to Parent Violence Project. Brighton. Available at http://www.rcpv.eu/78-rcpv-executive-summary-may-2015-english/fileAnd
  • Worthington, R. L., & Whittaker, T. A. (2006). Scale Development Research: A Content Analysis and Recommendations for Best Practices. The Counseling Psychologist, 34(6), 806–838. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006288127
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects School Counseling
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Serap Özdemir Bişkin 0000-0002-1592-6952

Early Pub Date October 23, 2023
Publication Date October 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: Special Issue 2 - Education and Psychology Research in the 100th Anniversary of the Republic

Cite

APA Özdemir Bişkin, S. (2023). Development of Child to Parent Violence Scale (CPV-S): Investigating Psychometric Properties in Turkish Adolescents. Research on Education and Psychology, 7(Special Issue 2), 478-493. https://doi.org/10.54535/rep.1362040

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