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TRANSFORMATION OF THE WELFARE STATE

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 1 - 11, 20.12.2017

Abstract

The Welfare State lived its Golden Age at liberal-capitalist system’s major countries af-ter the Second World War. With this, since the beginning of 1980s globalization as an interactive instrument has led to reconstruction of this phenomenon. It is observed that as a basic indicator of the reconstruction, social expenditures have become stagnant. Reconstruction was realized in different ways by different welfare state understandings. The liberal understanding which favored to reconstructing the welfare state on the ba-sis of tax reductions and deregulations was used recomodification as a leverage. As second, the countries which accepted as social democrat understanding continued to carry out the social programs by facing the constant crisis threatening. As third, con-servative understanding protected the social spending level by exposuring slowing growth or increasing inflation. As conclusion, the view of the society for the Welfare State has changed considerably in the 2000s. The Welfare State practices, which have an positive point of view because of the increasing degree of wealth, have been placed at the center of criticism in the 2000s.

References

  • Aydın, M. Kemal ve Eyüp Ensar Çakmak (2017), “Sosyal Devletin Temelleri”, Bilgi (34), 2017 Kış: 1-19. Brady, D. (2005), “The Welfare State and Relative Poverty in Rich Western Democra-cies”, Social Forces, 83 (4): 1329-1364.
  • Clasen, J., J. Davidson, H. Ganbmann and A. Mauer (2006), “Non-employment and the Welfare State: the United Kingdom and Germany Compared”, Journal of Euro-pean Social Policy, 16 (2): 134-154.
  • Deacon, B. (2007), Global Social Policy and Governance, California: Sage Publica-tions.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gøsta (1990), The Three Worlds of The Welfare Capitalism, Ox-ford: Polity Press.
  • Fleckenstein, T. (2011), Institutions, Ideas and Learning in Welfare State Change: Labor Market Reforms in Germany, New York: St Martin’s Press.
  • Hallerberg, M. (2013), “Challenges for the German Welfare State Before and After the Global Financial Crisis”, Cato Journal, 33 (2): 263-267.
  • Kara, Uğur (2015), Sosyal Devletin Yükselişi ve Düşüşü, Adana: Kara-han Kitabevi.
  • Kus, B. (2006), “Neoliberalism, Institutional Change and the Welfare State: The Case of Britain and France”, Intentional Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 47 (6): 488-525.
  • Lund, B. (2002), Understanding State Welfare: Social Justice or Social Exclusion, London: Sage Publications.
  • OECD (2017), OECD Stats. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SOCX_AGG#
  • Özdemir, Süleyman (2007), Küreselleşme Sürecinde Refah Devleti, İstanbul: İTO Yayınları.
  • Pierson, P. (2001), “Coping with Permanent Austerity Welfare State Restructuring in Affluent Democracies”, in [(ed.) Paul Pierson (2001), The New Politics of the Welfare State], pp.239-274.
  • Pierson, C. (2006), Beyond the Welfare State: The New Political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge: Polity Press
  • Sapir, A. (2006), “Globalization and the Reform of European Social Models” Journal of Common Market Studies, xx (xx), pp.369-390.
  • Sawyer, J. E. (1987), Why Reaganomics and Keynesian Economics Failed, New York: St. Martin’s Press
  • Snower, D. J. (1993), “The Future of the Welfare State”, The Economic Journal, 103 (418): 700-717.
  • Tanzi, Vito (2000), “Globalization and the Future of Social Protection”, Working Paper of the International Monetary Fund, pp.1-22.
  • Taylor-Gooby, Peter (1999), “Policy Change at a Time of Retrenchment: Resent Pension Reform in France Germany, Italy and UK”, Social Policy and Administration, 33 (1): 1-19.
  • Taylor-Gooby, Peter (2002), “The Silver Age of the Welfare State: Perspectives on Re-silience”, Journal of Social Policy, 31 (4): 597-621.
  • Topak, Oğuz (2012), Refah Devleti ve Kapitalizm: 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Re-fah Devleti, İstanbul: İletişim.

SOSYAL DEVLETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Year 2017, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 1 - 11, 20.12.2017

Abstract

Sosyal devlet olgusu, liberal kapitalist
sistemin merkez ülkelerinde, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın ardından altın
çağını yaşamıştır. Bununla birlikte ’80’li yılların başından itibaren her
alanda etkileri hissedilen bir süreç olarak küreselleşme, bu olgunun ciddi manada dönüşmesine sebep
olmuştur. Dönüşümün temel göstergesi olarak söz konusu dönemde sosyal devlet
harcamalarının durağanlaştığı gözlenmektedir. Dönüşüm, farklı sosyal devlet anlayışlar
tarafından farklı biçimlerde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sosyal devlet olgusunu vergi
indirimleri ve deregülasyon temelinde dönüştürmeyi tercih eden liberal anlayış, rekomodifikasyon olgusunu kaldıraç
olarak kullanmıştır. Buna mukabil sosyal
demokrat anlayışı benimsemiş ülkeler, sosyal devletin dönüşüm sürecinde
sürekli kriz tehdidine maruz kalmayı göze alarak sosyal programları yürütmeyi
sürdürmüştür. Muhafazakâr anlayış
ise büyümenin yavaşlaması ya da enflasyonun yükselmesi gibi sorunlar ile
birlikte yaşamayı göze alarak sosyal harcama düzeyini korumuştur. Sonuç olarak
2000’li yıllarda toplumun sosyal devlet olgusuna bakışı önemli ölçüde
değişmiştir. Yıllarca refah düzeyini yükseltici etkilerine bakılarak olumlanan
sosyal devlet uygulamaları 2000’li yılların sıkıntılı ortamında eleştirilerin
odağına yerleştirilmiştir. 

References

  • Aydın, M. Kemal ve Eyüp Ensar Çakmak (2017), “Sosyal Devletin Temelleri”, Bilgi (34), 2017 Kış: 1-19. Brady, D. (2005), “The Welfare State and Relative Poverty in Rich Western Democra-cies”, Social Forces, 83 (4): 1329-1364.
  • Clasen, J., J. Davidson, H. Ganbmann and A. Mauer (2006), “Non-employment and the Welfare State: the United Kingdom and Germany Compared”, Journal of Euro-pean Social Policy, 16 (2): 134-154.
  • Deacon, B. (2007), Global Social Policy and Governance, California: Sage Publica-tions.
  • Esping-Andersen, Gøsta (1990), The Three Worlds of The Welfare Capitalism, Ox-ford: Polity Press.
  • Fleckenstein, T. (2011), Institutions, Ideas and Learning in Welfare State Change: Labor Market Reforms in Germany, New York: St Martin’s Press.
  • Hallerberg, M. (2013), “Challenges for the German Welfare State Before and After the Global Financial Crisis”, Cato Journal, 33 (2): 263-267.
  • Kara, Uğur (2015), Sosyal Devletin Yükselişi ve Düşüşü, Adana: Kara-han Kitabevi.
  • Kus, B. (2006), “Neoliberalism, Institutional Change and the Welfare State: The Case of Britain and France”, Intentional Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 47 (6): 488-525.
  • Lund, B. (2002), Understanding State Welfare: Social Justice or Social Exclusion, London: Sage Publications.
  • OECD (2017), OECD Stats. https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SOCX_AGG#
  • Özdemir, Süleyman (2007), Küreselleşme Sürecinde Refah Devleti, İstanbul: İTO Yayınları.
  • Pierson, P. (2001), “Coping with Permanent Austerity Welfare State Restructuring in Affluent Democracies”, in [(ed.) Paul Pierson (2001), The New Politics of the Welfare State], pp.239-274.
  • Pierson, C. (2006), Beyond the Welfare State: The New Political Economy of Welfare, Cambridge: Polity Press
  • Sapir, A. (2006), “Globalization and the Reform of European Social Models” Journal of Common Market Studies, xx (xx), pp.369-390.
  • Sawyer, J. E. (1987), Why Reaganomics and Keynesian Economics Failed, New York: St. Martin’s Press
  • Snower, D. J. (1993), “The Future of the Welfare State”, The Economic Journal, 103 (418): 700-717.
  • Tanzi, Vito (2000), “Globalization and the Future of Social Protection”, Working Paper of the International Monetary Fund, pp.1-22.
  • Taylor-Gooby, Peter (1999), “Policy Change at a Time of Retrenchment: Resent Pension Reform in France Germany, Italy and UK”, Social Policy and Administration, 33 (1): 1-19.
  • Taylor-Gooby, Peter (2002), “The Silver Age of the Welfare State: Perspectives on Re-silience”, Journal of Social Policy, 31 (4): 597-621.
  • Topak, Oğuz (2012), Refah Devleti ve Kapitalizm: 2000’li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Re-fah Devleti, İstanbul: İletişim.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

M. Kemal Aydın

Eyüp Ensar Çakmak

Publication Date December 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Aydın, M. K., & Çakmak, E. E. (2017). SOSYAL DEVLETİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ. Sakarya İktisat Dergisi, 6(4), 1-11.