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Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 84 - 93, 26.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.654954

Abstract

Landscapes are composed of diverse units that associate with each other, and these units have different functions both in ecology and physiognomy. Thus, evaluating landscape character plays an important role for conserving bio-diversity, as well as spatial planning and management of habitats and landscapes. Determining and analyzing environmental factors is an important part of assessing the conservation value of landscape types. For its ecological value, stone pine, botanical name Pinus pinea L. was chosen to be evaluated according to the environmental parameters in this research, because of its scattered distribution around the Mediterranean basin. Although P. pinea L. does not have a widespread distribution, it is naturally found in five regions of Turkey. This research was conducted in three provinces (Muğla, Denizli, and Aydın), located in western Anatolia. Maps representing different classes of soil, geology, aspect, and slope were overlaid in ArcMap 10.5, and characterized by Landscape Character Assessment (LCA). A total of 309 character types were determined, according to tree species composition, represented by 4 variants of the P. pinea L. community. To assess fragmentation among 34 different stands, landscape metrics were calculated using Fragstats v4.2 software. Potential range for regenerating stone pine stands was suggested in this paper, which can be considered as habitat corridors providing connectivity between mature stands. Spatial variation in bird species composition, reflecting wildlife richness, was evaluated as evidence for forest fragmentation.

Thanks

We thank the Muğla Regional Directorate of Forestry, for providing forest stand maps of the research area, which were very valuable reference materials. Also, special thanks to the Directorate of Zoning, and Urban Planning of Municipal Hall of Aydın, for sharing highly critical, specific data for the research area, including vector maps of soil groups and geological formations.

References

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Orman parçalanmasının yaban hayatı koruması ve peyzaj ekolojisi temelinde değerlendirilmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 84 - 93, 26.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.654954

Abstract

Peyzajlar, birbirleriyle ilişki içinde olan çeşitli peyzaj birimlerinden oluşur. Bu birimler hem ekolojik hem de fizyolojik açıdan farklı işlevlere sahiptir. Peyzaj birimlerinin çeşitli işlevlere sahip olması; peyzaj karakterinin değerlendirilmesi, biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması, mekânsal planlama, habitat ve peyzaj yönetiminde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Peyzaj birimlerinin sağladığı fonksiyonların yanında onlara etki eden çevresel faktörlerin belirlenmesi ve analiz edilmesi, peyzaj tiplerinin koruma değerinin ortaya konmasını sağlar. Bu araştırmada, ekolojik değeri ve Akdeniz havzasındaki parçalanmış dağılımı ile ön planda olan fıstık çamı (Pinus pinea L.) çevresel değişkenlere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Batı Anadolu’da geniş bir yayılışa sahip olan P. pinea L. Muğla, Denizli ve Aydın olmak üzere üç il sınırı içinde peyzaj karakter analizi yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bu türün mekânsal yayılışının en yüksek olduğu peyzaj kümesi ise peyzaj metrikleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. P. pinea L. topluluğunun 4 varyantı ile temsil edilen ağaç türleri kompozisyonunun veri altlığı olarak kullanıldığı analiz sonucunda çevresel değişkenleri temsil eden toplam 309 karakter tipi elde edilmiştir. 34 farklı meşcere arasındaki mevcut parçalanmayı değerlendirmek amacıyla Fragstats v4.2 yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda, P. pinea L.’nin rejenerasyonu için habitat koridorları arasında bağlantı sağlayabilecek potansiyel alanlar haritalanmıştır. Ayrıca, yaban hayatı zenginliğini yansıtan kuş türlerinin kompozisyonundaki mekânsal değişim, orman parçalanmasının araştırılmasında bir gösterge niteliği taşıdığı için incelenmiştir. 

References

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  • Alencar, A.A., Brando, P.M., Asner, G.P., Putz, F.E., 2015. Landscape fragmentation, severe drought, and the new Amazon forest fire regime. Ecological applications, 25(6): 1493-1505.
  • Antrop, M,, Van Eetvelde, V., 2017. Landscape Perspectives : The Holistic Nature of Landscape. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer.
  • Ashcroft, M.B., French, K.O., Chisholm, L.A., 2011. An evaluation of environmental factors affecting species distributions. Ecological Modelling, 222(3): 524-531.
  • Başkaya, Ş., 2003. Pars (Panthera pardus). Orman ve Av Dergisi, 6: 24-30.
  • Baskaya, S., Bilgili, E., 2004. Does the leopard Panthera pardus still exist in the Eastern Karadeniz Mountains of Turkey? Oryx, 38(2): 228-232.
  • BirdLife Int, 2018. State of the world’s birds indicators for our changing world. http://datazone.birdlife.org/sowb/casestudy/, Accessed: 21.12.2018.
  • Bogaert, J., Barima, Y.S., Iyongo, W.M.L., Bamba, I., Mama, A., Toyi, M., Lafortezza, R., 2011. Forest fragmentation: causes, ecological impacts and implications for landscape management. In: Landscape Ecology in Forest Management and Conservation (Ed: Li, C., Lafortezza, R., Chen, J.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 273-296.
  • Bojie, F., Liding, C., 1996. Landscape diversity types and their ecological significance. Acta Geographica Sinica, 5: 454-462.
  • Boutheina, A., Hedi El Aouni, M., Balandier, P., 2013. Influence of stand and tree attributes and silviculture on cone and seed productions in forests of Pinus pinea L., in northern Tunisia. In Mediterranean stone pine for agroforestry (Ed: Mutke, S., Piqué, M., Calama, R.), Options Mediterraneenes, Zaragoza, pp. 9-14.
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  • Broadbent, E.N., Asner, G.P., Keller, M., Knapp, D.E., Oliveira, P.J., Silva, J.N., 2008. Forest fragmentation and edge effects from deforestation and selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon. Biological conservation, 141(7): 1745-1757.
  • Chakraborty, A., Ghosh, A., Sachdeva, K., Joshi, P.K., 2017. Characterizing fragmentation trends of the Himalayan forests in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India. Ecological Informatics, 38: 95-109.
  • Cook, E.A., 2002. Landscape structure indices for assessing urban ecological networks. Landscape and urban planning, 58(2-4): 269-280.
  • Crooks, K.R., Burdett, C.L., Theobald, D.M., King, S.R., Di Marco, M., Rondinini, C., Boitani, L, 2017. Quantification of habitat fragmentation reveals extinction risk in terrestrial mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(29): 7635-7640.
  • Cushman, S.A., McGarigal, K., Neel, M., 2008. Parsimony in landscape metrics: Strength, universality, and consistency. Ecological indicators, 8(5): 691-703.
  • Dale, V.H., Joyce, L.A., McNulty, S., Neilson, R.P., Ayres, M.P., Flannigan, M.D., Hanson, P.J, Irland, L.C, Lugo, A.E., Peterson, C.J., Simberloff, D., Swanson, F.J., Stocks, B.J., Wotton, B.M., 2001. Climate change and forest disturbances: Climate change can affect forests by altering the frequency, intensity, duration, and timing of fire, drought, introduced species, insect and pathogen outbreaks, hurricanes, windstorms, ice storms, or landslides. BioScience, 51(9): 723-734.
  • Davidson, C., 1998. Issues in measuring landscape fragmentation. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006), 26(1): 32-37.
  • Di Castri, F., 1981. Mediterranean-type shrublands of the world. Mediterranean-Type Shrublands Ecosystems of the World, Vol. 11. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1-52.
  • Dušek, R., Popelková, R., 2017. Landscape diversity of the Czech Republic. Journal of Maps. 13, 486-490.
  • Fahrig, L., 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual review of ecology, evolution, and systematics, 34(1): 487-515.
  • Farias, I.P., Santos, W.G., Gordo, M., Hrbek, T., 2015. Effects of forest fragmentation on genetic diversity of the Critically Endangered primate, the pied tamarin (Saguinus bicolor): Implications for conservation. Journal of Heredity, 106(S1): 512-521.
  • Fischer, J., Lindenmayer, D.B., 2007. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: A synthesis. Global ecology and biogeography, 16(3): 265-280.
  • Forman, R.T., 1995. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology. Landscape Ecology, 10: 133-142.
  • Forman, R.T., Alexander, L.E., 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 29(1): 207-231.
  • Forman, R.T., Deblinger, R.D., 2000. The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway. Conservation Biology, 14: 36-46.
  • Gil-Tena, A., Saura, S., Brotons, L., 2007. Effects of forest composition and structure on bird species richness in a Mediterranean context: Implications for forest ecosystem management. Forest ecology and Management, 242(2-3): 470-476.
  • Goodwin, B.J., Fahrig, L., 2002. How does landscape structure influence landscape connectivity? Oikos, 99: 552-570.
  • Haines-Young, R., Chopping, M., 1996. Quantifying landscape structure: A review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in physical geography, 20(4): 418-445.
  • Hamrick, J.L., 2004. Response of forest trees to global environmental changes. Forest ecology and management, 197(1-3): 323-335.
  • Hargis, C.D., Bissonette, J.A., Turner, D.L., 1999. The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American martens. Journal of applied Ecology, 36(1): 157-172.
  • Hirsch, E., O'Hanlon, M., 1995. The anthropology of landscape: perspectives on place and space. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
  • Kete, R., Yilmaz, I., Karakulak, S., Yildirim, A., 2005. Bafa Gölü çevresi herpetofaunasının çeşitliliği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 6: 87-96.
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There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Orijinal Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Derya Gülçin 0000-0001-7118-0174

Tuluhan Yılmaz 0000-0003-2663-1583

Publication Date March 26, 2020
Acceptance Date March 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gülçin, D., & Yılmaz, T. (2020). Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation. Turkish Journal of Forestry, 21(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.654954
AMA Gülçin D, Yılmaz T. Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation. Turkish Journal of Forestry. March 2020;21(1):84-93. doi:10.18182/tjf.654954
Chicago Gülçin, Derya, and Tuluhan Yılmaz. “Evaluation of Forest Fragmentation With Particular Reference to Landscape-Based Ecological Assessment and Wildlife Conservation”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 21, no. 1 (March 2020): 84-93. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.654954.
EndNote Gülçin D, Yılmaz T (March 1, 2020) Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation. Turkish Journal of Forestry 21 1 84–93.
IEEE D. Gülçin and T. Yılmaz, “Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation”, Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 84–93, 2020, doi: 10.18182/tjf.654954.
ISNAD Gülçin, Derya - Yılmaz, Tuluhan. “Evaluation of Forest Fragmentation With Particular Reference to Landscape-Based Ecological Assessment and Wildlife Conservation”. Turkish Journal of Forestry 21/1 (March 2020), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.18182/tjf.654954.
JAMA Gülçin D, Yılmaz T. Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2020;21:84–93.
MLA Gülçin, Derya and Tuluhan Yılmaz. “Evaluation of Forest Fragmentation With Particular Reference to Landscape-Based Ecological Assessment and Wildlife Conservation”. Turkish Journal of Forestry, vol. 21, no. 1, 2020, pp. 84-93, doi:10.18182/tjf.654954.
Vancouver Gülçin D, Yılmaz T. Evaluation of forest fragmentation with particular reference to landscape-based ecological assessment and wildlife conservation. Turkish Journal of Forestry. 2020;21(1):84-93.