EFFECT OF SOWING DATES ON SEED YIELD, YIELD TRAITS AND OIL CONTENT OF SAFFLOWER IN NORTHWEST TURKEY

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 87 - 93, 21.06.2023

Emrullah Culpan

https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1194005

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of variety, location and sowing dates on some yield and quality traits of safflower. The field experiments of this study were carried out in spring season of 2017 and 2018 under ecological conditions of the Suleymanpasa and Malkara districts of Tekirdag. The experiment was laid out as a split plot design based on randomized complete block design with three replications, in which cultivars constituted the main plot with two varieties (Dincer and Balci), and sowing dates constituted the sub-plot with four dates (20 February, 5 March, 20 March and 5 April) in both locations. Results showed that variation in sowing dates had a significant effect on seed yield, oil content and oil yield of safflower variety. The seed yield was significantly affected by the sowing dates and it seriously decreased as sowing time was delayed (418 and 553 kg ha-1 higher in 20 February compared to 5 April in both production year). The highest seed yield was obtained from sowing on February 20 in 2017 and 2018 (1391.89 and 1493.44 kg ha-1, respectively). As a result, because of sowing dates is a crucial factor for seed and oil yield of safflower, sowing should be done as early as possible in the spring.

Keywords

Oil content, Safflower, Seed yield, Sowing date

References

• Abou Chehade, L., L.G. Angelini and S. Tavarini. 2022. Genotype and seasonal variation affect yield and oil quality of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mediterranean conditions. Agronomy 12 (1): 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010122
• Adisarwanto, T. and R. Knight. 1997. Effect of sowing date and plant density on yield and yield components in the faba bean. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48: 1161-1168. https://doi.org/10.1071/A96050
• Ahadi, K., M.J. Kenarsari and A. Rokhzadi. 2011. Effects of sowing date and planting density on growth and yield of safflower cultivars as second crop. Advances in Environmental Biology 5 (9): 2756-2760.
• Al-Doori, S.A.M. 2017. Determination of optimum sowing date and plant population of some safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under Mosul city conditions. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 45 (2): 331-342.
• Anonymous. 2011. Location of province Tekirdag in Turkey. Tekirdag in Turkey.svg, https://tr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosya:Tekirda%C4%9F_in_Turkey.svg, (Accessed September 20, 2022)
• Anonymous. 2020. FAOSTAT, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Statistics Division. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC, (Accessed September 20, 2022)
• Arslan, B. and E. Culpan. 2018. Identification of suitable safflower genotypes for the development of new cultivars with high seed yield, oil content and oil quality. Azarian Journal of Agriculture 5 (5): 133-141.
• Aslantas, S. and F. Akinerdem. 2019. Effects of different sowing dates on yield, yield component and quality of some winter safflower cultivars. Journal of Bahri Dagdas Crop Research 9 (1): 21-28.
• Atam, Y. 2010. Effects of sowing dates on yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars. Ataturk University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Erzurum (in Turkish).
• Camas, N., A.K. Ayan and C. Cirak. 2005. Relationships between seed yield and some characters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars grown in the middle black sea conditions. 6th International Safflower Conference, 6-10 June, Istanbul, Turkey.
• Camas, N. and E. Esendal. 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas 143: 55-57.
• Culpan, E. and B. Arslan. 2022. Heterosis and combining ability via line × tester analysis for quality and some agronomic characters in safflower. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 27 (1): 103-111. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.1083872
• El Bey, N., M. Gore and O. Kurt. 2021. Effect of sowing date on some agronomic and technological traits of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in northern Turkey. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 26 (2): 188-194. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.941575
• Emami, T., R. Naseri, H. Falahi and E. Kazemi. 2011. Response of yield, yield component and oil content of safflower to planting date and spacing on row in rainfed conditions of western Iran. American-Eurasian. Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 10 (6): 974-953.
• Erbas, S., M. Tonguc and A. Sanlı. 2016. Variations in the agronomic and quality characteristics of domestic and foreign safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 21 (1): 110-119. https://doi.org/10.17557/tjfc.56268
• Eslam, P.B., M. Hassan and M.T. Ghassemi. 2010. Evaluation of late season drought effects on seed and oil yields in spring safflower genotypes. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 34 (5): 373- 380. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-0904-43
• Gholami Baseri, S., T. Honar, B. Heidari, M. Salami and C.M. Richards. 2022. Oil and seed yields affected by sowing dates and irrigation regimes applied in growth phenological stages of safflower. Crop Science 62: 1967-1980. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.20797
• GRDC. 2017. Grains Research and Development Corporation, Grownotes, Safflower Planting Section 3, Australia.
• Gursoy, M., D. Basalma and F. Nofouzi. 2018. Effects of safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on yield and yield components of different row and row spaces. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 32 (1): 20-28 (in Turkish).
• Hatipoglu, H., H. Arslan, M. Karakus and A. Kose. 2012. Determination suitable sowing time of different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars on Sanliurfa conditions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Uludag University 26 (1): 1-16 (in Turkish).
• Keles, R. and O. Ozturk. 2012. Effect of different sowing dates on the seed yield and quality of safflower. Reserach Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5 (1): 112-117 (in Turkish).
• Knowles, P.F. 1982. Safflower Genetics and Breeding. In: Improvement of Oil-Seed and Industrial Crops by Induced Mutations. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.
• Kose, A. and O. Bi̇li̇r. 2017. The effect of different row spacing and sowing rate of petal yields and some agronomic characters in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences 4 (1): 40-47 (in Turkish).
• Koutroubas, S.D., D.K. Papakosta and A. Doitsinis. 2009. Phenotypic variation in physiological determinants of yield in spring sown safflower under Mediterranean conditions. Field Crops Research 112: 199-204.
• Kumar Barla, A., G.M. Kote and D.D. Deshmukh. 2020. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield attributes of safflower genotypes. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9 (1): 361-366. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.901.040
• La Bella, S., T. Tuttolomondo, L. Lazzeri, R. Matteo, C. Leto and M. Licata. 2019. An agronomic evaluation of new safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm for seed and oil yields under Mediterranean climate conditions. Agronomy 9: 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080468
• Li, D. and H.H. Mundel. 1996. Safflower: Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 7. Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben/International Plant Genetic Resources Institute Rome, Italy.
• Mirshekari, M., N. Majnounhosseini, R. Amiri, A. Moslehi and O. R. Zandvakili. 2013. Effects of sowing date and irrigation treatment on safflower seed quality. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 15: 505-515.
• MSTAT. 1989. Mstat-C, A microcomputer program for the design, management and analysis of agronomic research experiments. Michigan State University, ABD.
• Nikabadi, S., A. Soleimani, S.M. Dehdashti and M. Yazdanibakhsh. 2008. Effect of sowing dates on yield and yield components of spring safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Isfahan region. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 11: 1953-1956.
• Omidi Tabrizi, A.H. 2006. Stability and adaptability estimates of some safflower cultivars and lines in different environmental conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 8 (2): 141-151.
• Omidi, A.H. and M.R. Sharifmogadas. 2010. Evaluation of Iranian safflower cultivars reaction to different sowing dates and plant densities. World Applied Sciences Journal 8 (8): 953-958.
• Omidi, A., H. Khazaei, P. Monneveux and F. Stoddard. 2012. Effect of cultivar and water regime on yield and yield components in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Turkish Journal of Field Crops 17 (1): 10-15.
• Samanci, B. and E. Ozkaynak. 2003. Effect of planting date on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid composition of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) cultivars grown in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 189: 359-360.
• Pasban Eslam, B. 2017. Effect of planting date on reducing growth period of spring safflower cultivars in tabriz cold and semi-arid climate. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 15 (4): 851-860. https://doi.org/10.22067/gsc.v15i4.55365
• Singh, V. 1996. Inheritance of genetic male sterility in safflower. The Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 56 (4): 490-494.
• Stocker, T. 2013. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
• Thakare, G.V., S.C. Vilhekar, S.B. Sakhare, P.C. Uke and P.U. Ghatol. 2018. Influence of planting time on seed yield and oil content of safflower under rainfed condition of Vidarbha region. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences Special Issue-6: 2639-2645.
• Yau, S.K. 2007. Winter versus spring sowing of rain-fed safflower in a semi-arid, high-elevation Mediterranean environment. European Journal of Agronomy 26: 249-256.