Fungi Isolated From Broomrape Species (Phelipanche spp.) in Tomato Greenhouses of The Western Mediterranean Region

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 2, 106 - 113, 31.12.2023

Gürkan Başbağcı Esra Çiğnitaş Yasin Emre Kitiş

Abstract

Broomrape (Phelipanche spp. and Orobanche spp.) are holoparasitic weeds, causes a significant problem in various crops in the Mediterranean countries. Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel and Phelipanche ramosa (L.) are species that cause significant yield and quality losses in tomato production. Microorganisms, especially fungi, can be utilized as biocontrol agents in controlling broomrapes. This study was conducted in 2023, aimed to identify fungi isolated from parasitic weed species causes problems in greenhouse tomato areas in the Western Mediterranean Region of Türkiye, specifically in Antalya, Burdur, and Isparta provinces. During surveys conducted in tomato greenhouses in September and October, parasitic weeds exhibiting fungal symptoms were collected. The infected broomrape samples were collected from 50 tomato greenhouses and 99 fungi were obtained from the infected broomrape plants. The fungi were morphologically characterized and identified at the genus level. Consequently, 69 of the isolated fungi were identified as Fusarium spp., and 30 as Rhizoctonia spp. This study, is the first study conducted on this subject in Turkiye, contributes to understand the fungal diversity associated with parasitic weeds in the Western Mediterranean Region and provides a basis for researching the biological control potentials of these fungi.

Keywords

Parasitic weed, fungus, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, biological control

Project Number

123O933

Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi Örtü Altı Domates Alanlarında Sorun Olan Canavar Otu (Phelipanche spp.) Türlerinden İzole Edilen Funguslar

Abstract

Canavar otları (Phelipanche spp. ve Orobanche spp.), Akdeniz ikliminin hâkim olduğu ülkelerde, birçok kültür bitkisinde sorun olan tam parazit yabancı otlardır. Dünyada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de Phelipanche aegyptiaca (Pers.) Pomel ve P. ramosa (L.) domates üretiminde önemli verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olan türlerdir. Canavar otlarının mücadelesinde mikroorganizmalar ve özellikle de funguslar biyokontrol ajanı olarak büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Antalya, Burdur ve Isparta illeri örtü altı domates alanlarında sorun olan canavar otu türlerinden izole edilen fungusların belirlenmesi amacıyla 2023 yılında yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Eylül ve Ekim aylarında domates seralarında gerçekleştirilen surveylerde fungal belirti gösteren canavar otları toplanmıştır. Bu kapsamda toplam 50 adet domates serasından enfekteli örnek toplanmış ve bu seralardan toplanan lezyonlu canavar otlarından 99 adet fungal izolat elde edilmiştir. İzolatlar morfolojik olarak karakterize edilerek cins düzeyinde tanılamaları yapılmış ve bunların 69 tanesinin Fusarium spp., 30 tanesinin ise Rhizoctonia spp. olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de bu konuda yürütülen ilk çalışma olmakla birlikte, Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde canavar otu ile ilişkilendirilen fungal çeşitliliğin anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamakta ve bu fungusların biyolojik kontrol potansiyellerini araştırmak için temel oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

Parazit bitki, fungus, Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, biyolojik mücadele

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

123O933

References

• Aksoy EA, Uygur FN (2008). Effect of broomrapes on tomato and faba bean crops. Türkiye Herboloji Dergisi, 11(1), 1-7.
• Arslan ZF, Aksoy EA, Uygur FN (2012). Doğu Akdeniz bölgesi örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde solarizasyon uygulamasının yabancı otlara ve verime etkisi. Bitki Koruma Bülteni, 52(4), 349-366.
• Aybeke M (2020). Aspergillus alliaceus infection fatally shifts Orobanche hormones and phenolic metabolism. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 51(3), 883-892.
• Babaei S, Alizadeh H, Jahansouz MR, Mashhadi HR, Moeini, MM (2010). Management of' Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pomel: Using Trap Crops in Rotation with Tomato (Solanum lycopersicom L.). Australian Journal of crop science, 4(6), 437-442.
• Bari VK, Nassar JA, Kheredin SM, Gal-On A, Ron M, Britt A, Aly R (2019). CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of Carotenoıd Cleavage Dıoxygenase 8 in tomato provides resistance against the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Scientific reports, 9(1), 11438.
• Boari A, Vurro M (2004). Evaluation of Fusarium spp. and other fungi as biological control agents of broomrape (Orobanche ramosa). Biological Control, 30(2), 212-219.
• Chai AL, Li PL, Guo WT, Li BJ, Aisimutuola P (2018). First report of Fusarium acuminatum wilt in the broomrape parasite of processing tomato in China. Plant Disease, 102(3), 676.
• Chen J, Xue Q, Ma Y, Chen L, Tan X (2020). Streptomyces pactum may control Phelipanche aegyptiaca in tomato. Applied Soil Ecology, 146, 103369.
• Dor E, Hershenhorn J (2009). Evaluation of the pathogenicity of microorganisms isolated from Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Israel. Weed biology and management, 9(3), 200-208.
• Dor E, Hershenhorn J, Andolfi A, Cimmino A, Evidente A (2009). Fusarium verticillioides as a new pathogen of the parasitic weed Orobanche spp. Phytoparasitica, 37, 361-370.
• El-Tarabily KA, Abouzeid M (2010). Biological control of bean broomrape (Orobanche crenata) and hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) by Fusarium isolates. In Phytopathology 100(6), 34-34.
• FAO (2021). Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü. www.fao.org/faostat/. Erişim tarihi 23.10.2023.
• Fawad M, Khan MA, Wahid F, Khan H, Gul B, Khattak AM, Mastinu A (2022). Irrigation Scheduling and Weed Management: A Sustainable Approach for Managing Broomrape and Other Weeds in Tomato Crop. Horticulturae, 8(8), 676.
• Fernández-Aparicio M, Reboud X, Gibot-Leclerc S (2016). Broomrape weeds. Underground mechanisms of parasitism and associated strategies for their control: a review. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 135.
• Ghannam I, Al-Masri M, Barakat R (2007). Biological Control of Egyptian Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) Using Fusarium spp. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 1000-1008.
• Gibot-Leclerc S, Guinchard L, Edel-Hermann V, Dessaint F, Cartry D, Reibel C, Steinberg C (2022). Screening for potential mycoherbicides within the endophyte community of Phelipanche ramosa parasitizing tobacco. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 98(3), fiac024.
• Goldwasser Y, Rodenburg J (2013). Integrated agronomic management of parasitic weed seed banks. In Parasitic Orobanchaceae: Parasitic mechanisms and control strategies (pp. 393-413). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• Habimana S, Nduwumuremyi A, Chinama RJD (2014). Managementof orobanche in field crops: A review. Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, 14(1), 43-62.
• Hameed KM, Saadoun IM, Shyab ZA (2001). Potential biological control of Orobanche by fungi isolated from diseased specimens in Jordan. The Plant Pathology Journal, 17(5), 257-263.
• Kitis YE, Grenz JH, Sauerborn J (2019). Effects of some cereal root exudates on germination of broomrapes (Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp.) Mediterranean Agricultural Science, 32(2): 145-150.
• Muller-Stöver D, Kroschel J, Thomas H, Sauerborn J (2002). Chlamydospores of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht f. sp. orthoceras (Appel ve Wollenw.) Bilai as Inoculum for Wheat-flour—Kaolin Granules to be Used for the Biological Control of Orobanche cumana Wallr. European journal of plant pathology, 108(3), 221-228.
• Nazer Kakhaki SH, Montazeri M, Naseri B (2017). Biocontrol of broomrape using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. orthoceras in tomato crops under field conditions. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27(12), 1435-1444.
• Nirenberg HI, O'Donnell K (1998). New Fusarium species and combinations within the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia, 90(3), 434-458.
• Nosratti I, Mobli A, Mohammadi G, Yousefi AR, Sabeti P, Chauhan BS (2020). The problem of Orobanche spp. and Phelipanche spp. and their management in Iran. Weed Science, 68(6), 555-564.
• Öztürk L, Demirkan H (2010). Bazı Bitki Yapraklarının ve Bunların Toprakta Bekleme Sürelerinin Patateste Sorun Olan Canavar Otu [Phelipanche spp.(Syn: Orobanche spp.)]'na Etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47(2), 105-112.
• Paporisch A, Laor Y, Rubin B, Achdari G, Eizenberg H (2018). Application timing and degradation rate of sulfosulfuron in soil co-affect control efficacy of Egyptian broomrape (Phelipanche aegyptiaca) in tomato. Weed Science, 66(6), 780-788.
• Parker C (2009). Observations on the current status of Orobanche and Striga problems worldwide. Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 65(5), 453-459.
• Parker C, Riches CR (1993). Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control; CAB International: Wallingford, UK.
• Rostami A, Saremi H, Javan-Nikkhah M (2017). Morphological and phylogenic analysis of Fusarium species associated with vertical system of Orobanche spp. Mycologia Iranica, 4(1), 39-47.
• Shilo T, Zygier L, Rubin B, Wolf S, Eizenberg H (2016). Mechanism of glyphosate control of Phelipanche aegyptiaca. Planta, 244, 1095-1107.
• Sneh B, Burpee L, Ogoshi A (1994). Identification of Rhizoctonia species. APS Press, 133, Minnesota.
• Sokat Y (2019). Patlıcan üretim alanlarındaki canavar otu (Phelipanche ramosa (L.) Pomel.) na karşı mücadele stratejilerinin araştırılması. Yüksek lisans tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Temel N, Eymirli S, Aksoy E, Arslan F, Tetik Ö (2012). Kırmızı Mercimek (Lens culinaris Medic.)'te Sorun Olan Canavar Otu (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers. ve O. crenata Forsk.) Mücadelesinde En Uygun Ekim Zamanı ve Çeşidin Belirlenmesi. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(2), 99-107.
• Thomas H, Sauerborn J, Muller-Stover D, Kroschel J (1999). Fungi of Orobanche aegyptiaca in Nepal with potential as biological control agents. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 9(3), 379-381.
• Uygur S, Uygur FN (2010). Yabancı otların biyolojik mücadelesi. Türkiye Biyolojik Mücadele Dergisi, 1(1), 79-95.
• Uygur S, Bozdoğan O, Aksoy E, Yücel S, Öztemiz S, Uygur FN (2009). Canavar Otu Türlerinin (Orobanche spp.) Biyolojik Mücadelesi Üzerine Araştırmalar. Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, 15-18 Temmuz 2009, Van, sf. 336.
• Westwood JH, Depamphilis CW, Das M, Fernández-Aparicio M, Honaas LA, Timko MP, Wafula EK, Wickett NJ, Yoder JI (2012). The parasitic plant genome project: New tools for understanding the biology of Orobanche and Striga. Weed Science, 60, 295–306.