Nascar and tourism : Analyses based on a scoping review of the literature

Year 2022, , 58 - 66, 30.06.2022

Romain Roult Denis Auger Santiago Alejandro Ortegon Sarmıento

https://doi.org/10.48119/toleho.1101916

Abstract

Many countries, provinces and cities around the world use major sporting events as a catalyst for tourism development. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR), through its championships and racing events, has for many years, chosen to integrate itself into capitalist and neoliberal tourism and economic models. As a motorsport industry with strong historical, economic and media roots in American culture and certain values, NASCAR generates a myriad of tourism impacts on the territories hosting these races. This study, therefore, aims, through a scoping review of the scientific literature, to take stock of the scientific knowledge produced on NASCAR and its tourism impacts. This approach allowed the analysis of 28 scientific articles in depth and to draw several analytical conclusions. First of all, an observation was noted regarding a very strong involvement of sponsors and the media in this industry, which undeniably contributes to the creation of forms of sporting imagery around the teams and drivers). These sporting imaginaries undoubtedly colour the partisan cultures and even the fan communities that are created and evolve around and within this sporting ecosystem. The study of the tourist spin-offs of NASCAR has been studied in the scientific literature but appears to be rather limited or circumscribed, and must, therefore, be widely developed empirically.

Keywords

Nascar, Tourism, scoping review

References

• Ahmad, M.; Akhtar, N.; Jabeen, G.; Irfan, M.; Khalid Anser, M.; Wu, H., & I¸sık, C. (2021). Intention-based critical factors affecting willingness to adopt novel Coronavirus prevention in Pakistan: Implications for future pandemics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 6167. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116167
• Ahmad, N.; Asim, H. H.; Juatan, N.; Hipni, N.E.; Ithnain, N.; Ahmad Sanusi, N. H.; Farhana Harun, S. N.; Zakaria, M. R.; Jaafar, N.; Mohamed, M. H.; Suraji, S.H. & Krishnan, M. (2021). Contributing factors to decline in physical activity among adolescents: A scoping review. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(9), 447-463.
• Alderman, D.; Mitchell, P.; Webb, J., & Hanak, D. (2003). Carolina Thunder revisited: Toward a transcultural view of Winston Cup Racing. The Professional Geographer, 55(2), 238-249.
• Amato, C.; Okleshen Peters, C., & Shao, A. (2005). An exploratory investigation into NASCAR fan culture. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 14, 71-83.
• Arksey, H., & O’Malley, L. (2005), Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19–32.
• Arnegger, J., & Herz, M. (2016). Economic and destination image impacts of mega-events in emerging tourist destinations. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(2), 76-85.
• Arnold, A. (2022). NASCAR’s three national series, how they work. Downloaded on February 7, 2022 at https://nascar101.nascar.com/2021/07/22/nascars-three-national-series-how-they-work/.
• Ballouli, K., Trail, G. T., Koesters, T.C. & Bernthal, M. J. (2016), Differential effects of motives and points of attachment on conative loyalty of formula 1 US Grand prix attendees. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 25, 166-218.
• Barget, E., & Gouguet, J. J. (2010). Événements sportifs. Impacts économique et social. De Boeck.
• Bernthal, M., & Regan, T. (2004) The economic impact of a NASCAR racetrack on a rural community and region. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 13, 26-34.
• Bowdin, G., Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I., & O'Toole, W. (2012). Events management. Routledge.
• Buch, T. (2006). Resident perceptions of event impacts: Taupo & Ironman New Zealand. Mémoire de maîtrise, Faculté de gestion de l’Université d’Auckland, Nouvelle-Zélande.
• Coates, D., & Gearthart, D. (2008). NASCAR as a public good. International Journal of Sport Finance, 3, 42-57.
• Conlin, M. V., & Jolliffe, L. (Eds.). (2017). Automobile heritage and tourism. Routledge.
• Corbett, J., & Mlekush, J. (2003). NASCAR sponsorship: Putting your company in the driver's seat. Journal of Integrated Communications, 2-3, 17-22.
• Depken II, C., & Fore, B. (2020). Firm-level economic activity before, during, and after local events: A case study. Journal of Sports Economics, 21(4), 327-334.
• Depken II, C., & Stephenson, F. (2018). Hotel demand before, during, and after sport events: Evidence from Charlotte, North Carolina. Economic Inquiry, 56(3), 1764-1776.
• Elsbach, K.D & Cable, D.M. (2019). Exlaining skateholder identification with moderate prestige collectives: A study of Nascar fans. Organization Studies, 40(9), 1279-1305
• Fansided/Beyond the Flag (2017). Four Nascar series you probably haven't heard of. Downloaded on February 7, 2022 at https://www.foxsports.com/stories/nascar/four-nascar-series-you-probably-havent-heard-of
• Gogishvili, D. (2018), Baku formula 1 city circuit: exploring the temporary spaces of exception. Cities, 74, 169-178.
• Goldsmith, A., & Walker, M. (2015). The NASCAR experience: Examining the influence of fantasy sport participation on 'non-fans'. Sport Management Review, 18(2), 231-243.
• Graham Spann, M. (2002). NASCAR racing fans: Cranking up and empirical approach. Journal of Popular Culture, 352-360.
• Gratton, C., Dobson, N., &Shibli, S. (2000). The economic importance of major sports events: A case study of six events. Managing Leisure, 5, 17–28.
• Gringer, B. (2022). An overview of the history of NASCAR. Downloaded on February 2, 2022 at https://www.titlemax.com/articles/history-of-nascar/
• Howell, M. D., & Miller, J. D. (Eds.). (2014). Motorsports and American culture: From demolition derbies to NASCAR. Rowman & Littlefield.
• Howell, M. D. (1997a). From moonshine to Madison Avenue: A cultural history of the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. Popular Press.
• Howell, M. D. (1997b). Speeding, spending, and sponsors: Tourism and the NASCAR Winston Cup Experience. Visions in Leisure and Business, 16(2), 2.
• Hugenberg, L., & Hugenberg, B. (2008). If it ain't rubbin', it ain't racin': NASCAR, American values, and fandom. Journal of Popular Culture, 41(4), 635-657.
• Işık, C.; Sirakaya-Turk, E., & Ongan, S. (2020). Testing the efficacy of the economic policy uncertainty index on tourism demand in USMCA: Theory and evidence. Tourism Economics, 26(8), 1344-1357.
• Jackson, L. (2008). Residents' perceptions of the impacts of special event tourism. Journal of Place Management and Development, 1(3), 240-255.
• Jackson, J., Houghton, M., Russell, R., & Triandos, P. (2005). Innovations in measuring economic impacts of regional festivals: A do-it-yourself kit. Journal of Travel Research, 43, 360–367.
• Jenkins, H. (2013), La culture de la convergence, trad. Jaquet, C. Armand Colin.
• Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. New York University Press.
• Jones, C., & Byron, K. (2019). Central actors in the live sport event context: A sport spectator value perception model. Sport, Business and Management, 10(1), 58-81.
• Jones, C.W ., Byon, K. K., & Huang, H. (2019). Service quality, perceived value, and fan engagement: Case of shanghai formula one racing, Sport Marketing Quarterly, 28(2), 63-76.)
• Johnson, P. C., Everingham, C, & Everingham, P. (2020). The juggernaut effect: community resistance and the politics of urban motor-racing events. Annals of Leisure Research, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2020.1818590
• Kaneko, M., Ohta, R., Vingilis, E., Mathews, M., & Freeman, T. R. (2021). Systematic scoping review of factors and measures of rurality: Toward the development of a rurality index for health care research in Japan. BMC Health Services Research, 21(9), 1-11.
• Keaton, S., Watanabe, N., & Gearhart, C. (2015). A comparison of college football and NASCAR consumer profiles: Identity formation and spectatorship motivation. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 24, 43-55.
• Kudo, M., Yong, J-K., Walker, M., & Connaughton, D. (2015). The influence of title sponsorships in sports events on stock price returns. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 37-56.
• Levin, A., Beasly, F., & Gilson, R. (2008). NASCAR fans' responses to current and former NASCAR sponsors: The effect of perceived group norms and fan identification. International Journal of Sports Marketing & Sponsorship, 35-46.
• Levin, A., Joiner, C., & Cameron, G. (2001). The impact of sports sponsorship on consumers' brand attitudes and recall: The case of NASCAR fans. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 23(2), 23-31.
• Mackellar, J. (2006). Fanatics, fans or just good fan? Travel behaviours and motivations of the fanatic. Journal Vacation Marketing, 12(3), 195-217.
• Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Poczta, J. (2018). A small-scale event and a big impact—is this relationship possible in the world of sport? The meaning of heritage sporting events for sustainable development of tourism—experiences from Poland. Sustainability, 10(11), 4289.
• Mitchelson, R., & Alderman, D. (2011). Mapping NASCAR valley: Charlotte as a knowledge community. Southeastern Geographer, 51(1), 31-48.
• Morris, D., & Groves, D. (1997). A typology for the understanding of structure and function of a sports industry: A case study of NASCAR. Visions in Leisure and Business, 16(2), 16-49.
• Munger, K., & Groves, D. (2000). Important factors in the development of NASCAR. Visions in Leisure and Business, 19(2), 36-62.
• NASCAR (2022). Official NASCAR Website. Downloaded on February 7, 2022 at https://www.nascar.com/
• Newman, J., & Giardina, M. (2011). Sport, spectacle, and NASCAR nation: Consumption and the cultural politics of neoliberalism. Springer.
• Newman, J. (2007). A detour through 'NASCAR nation': Ethnographic articulations of a neoliberal sporting spectacle. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 42(3), 289-308.
• Peterson, D. (2009). NASCAR technology makes passenger cars safer. Downloaded on February 6, 2022 at https://www.livescience.com/3318-nascar-technology-passenger-cars-safer.html.
• Pierce, E. (2012). NASCAR safety innovations: What auto manufacturers can learn from racing. Downloaded on February 6, 2022 at https://www.carinsurancequotes.com/articles/nascar-auto_safety
• Pigeassou, C. (2021). Postface. À propos d’une recontextualisation ou d’une reconceptualisation du tourisme sportif : les enjeux autour de la porosité du champ d’étude et du polycentrisme des objets d’étude. Dans T. Riffaud, N. Le Roux, et E. Perera, (dirs.). Tourisme sportif. Territoires et sociétés (pp. 267-277). Elya Éditions.
• Regan, T., & Damonte, T. (1999). A geoeconomic approch to South Carolina NASCAR markets. Public Administration Quarterly, 295-312.
• Spinda, J.; Earnheardt, A., & Hugenberg, L. (2009). Checkered flags and mediated friendships: Parasocial interaction among NASCAR fans. Journal of Sports Media, 4(2), 31-55.
• Spracklen, K. (2021). Sports fans and fan culture: A critical reflection on fandom as communicative leisure in a commodified world. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, In press.
• Suchet, A. (2021). Tourisme sportif et mythe de Sisyphe : limites et critique d’une notion dans l’intelligibilité des pratiques récréatives. Dans T. Riffaud, N. Le Roux, et E. Perera, (dirs.). Tourisme sportif. Territoires et sociétés (pp. 207-222). Elya Éditions.
• Tant, M., et Watelain, E. (2014). Attitudes des enseignants d’éducation physique envers l’inclusion d’un élève en situation de handicap. Une revue systématique de la littérature (1975-2015). Staps, 106(4), 37-53.
• The Mob Museum (2022). NASCAR rooted in prohibition bootlegging. Downloaded on February 2, 2022 at https://prohibition.themobmuseum.org/the-history/prohibition-potpourri/nascar-and-prohibition/
• Weed, M., et Bull, C. J. (2009). Sports tourism: Participants, policy & providers. Elsevier.
• Williams-Bryant, D., & Brown, D. (2020). Motor sport event attendee profile: The case of NASCAR, Daytona Beach. The Consortium Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 22(1), 36-44.
• Williams, D., Rode, C., & Slavich, M. (2018). Camping for the need for speed: An analysis of the motives of NASCAR fanatics to RV camp at racing events. Global Sports Business Journal, 6(1), 29-45.
• Wilson, R. (2006). The economic impact of local sport events: Significant, limited or otherwise? A case study of four swimming events. Managing Leisure, 11, 57–70.
• Zagnoli, P., & Radicchi, E. (2009). Do major sports events enhance tourism destinations? Physical Culture and Sports Studies and Research, 47, 44-63.