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A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 121 - 130, 30.06.2019

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to find out how local
residents perceive the socio-economic benefits of the festival and to examine the
residents’ decision-making process when participating the festival in their
community. Using data collected from
334 local attendees of Kafkasör-Culture Tourism and Art Festival in 2016, this
study examined the relationship between the socio-cultural impacts of a
festival and the decision-making process of attending the festival of local
residents. Factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted in the
study. The results indicate that
perceived positive socio-economic impacts simultaneously increase the residents’
willingness to revisit the festival. Findings also suggest that the dimension
of behavioural desire and intention is the most important factor in explaining
directed behaviour.  Festivals and special events have increased in
number worldwide due to their significant economic, social, and cultural
impacts on the destination and the hosting community. The role of the
socio-economic impacts of the local residents’ decision-making process has not
been taken into account when examining the effects of festivals in the previous
literature. 

References

  • Ajzen, I. & Driver, B. (1991), Prediction of Leisure Participation from Behavioral, Normative, and Control Beliefs: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior, Leisure Sciences, 13 (3), 185-204.
  • Ajzen, I. & Madden, T.J. (1986), Prediction of Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioral Control, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22 (5), 453-474.
  • Anwar, S.A. & Sohail, M.S. (2004), Festival Tourism in The United Arab Emirates: First-Time versus Repeat Visitor Perceptions, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10 (2), 161-170.
  • Arcodia, C. & Whitford, M. (2006), Festival Attendance and the Development of Social Capital, Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(2), 1-18.
  • Başoda, A. & Aylan, S. (2014), Turistlerin Karar Verme Sürecinin Amaca Yönelik Davranış Modeli ile Değerlendirilmesi: Mevlana Şeb-i Arus Törenleri Örneği, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25 (1), 88-104.
  • Bigne, J. E., Andreua, L. & Gnoth, J. (2005), The Theme Park Experience: An Analysis of Pleasure, Arousal and Satisfaction, Tourism Management, 26, 833-844.
  • Cudny, W., Korec, P. & Rouba, R. (2012), Residents’ Perception of Festivals-A Case Study of Lodz, Sociologia, 44 (6), 704-728.
  • Cushman, G., Veal, A.J. & Zuzanek, J. (2005), Leisure Participation and Time-Use Surveys: An Overview, in G. Cushman, A.J. Veal & J. Zuzanek (Ed.), Free Time and Leisure Participation: International Perspectives, CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, pp. 1-16.
  • Deery, M. & Jago, L. (2010), Social Impacts of Events and the Role of Anti‐Social Behaviour, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(1), 8-28.
  • del Barrio, M.J., Devesa, M. & Herrero, L.C. (2012), Evaluating Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Case of Cultural Festivals, City, Culture and Society, 3, 235-244.
  • Delamere, T.A., Wankel, L.M. & Hinch, T.D. (2001), Development of a Scale to Measure Resident Attitudes toward the Social Impacts of Community Festivals, Part I: Item Generation and Purification of the Measure. Event Management, 7 (1), 11-24.
  • Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistilis, N. & Mules, T. (2000), A Framework for Evaluating and Forecasting the Impacts of Special Events, in J. Allen, R. Harris, L.K. Jago & A.J. Veal (Ed.) Events Beyond 2000: Setting The Agenda, Australian Centre for Event Management, Sydney, pp. 31-45.
  • Erasmus, A.C., Boshoff, E. & Rousseau, G.G. (2001), Consumer Decision-Making Models within the Discipline of Consumer Science: A Critical Approach, Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 29, 82-90.
  • Erden, O. I. & Yolal, M. (2016), Residents’socio-Economic Perceptions of an International Fair, GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 18 (2), 152-161.
  • Esposito, G., Van Bavel, R., Baranowski, T. & Duch-Brown, N. (2016), Applying the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior, Including Descriptive Norms, to Physical Activity Intentions: A Contribution to Improving The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Psychological Reports, 119 (1), 5-26.
  • Getz, D. (1991), Festivals, Special Events and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Getz, D. (1993), Festivals and special events, in M.A. Khan, M.D. Olsen & T. Var (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Hospitality and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 789-810.
  • Getz, D. (1997), Event Management and Event Tourism, Cognizant Communication Corporation, New York.
  • Getz, D. (2015), The Forms and Functions of Planned Events, in I. Yeoman, M. Robertson, U. McMahon-Beattie, E. Bracker and K.A. Smith (Ed.), The Future of Events and Festivals, Routledge, New York, 20-35.
  • Gursoy, D., Kim, K. & Uysal, M. (2004), Perceived Impacts of Festivals and Special Events by Organizers: An Extension and Validation, Tourism Management, 25 (2), 171-181.
  • Gursoy, D. & Kendall, K.W. (2006), Hosting Mega Events-Modelling Locals’ Support, Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603-623.
  • Gursoy, D., Bonn, M. A. & Chi, C. G. (2010), An Examination of General, Nondestination Specific versus Destination Specific Motivational Factors, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(4), 340-357.
  • Gursoy, D., Yolal, M., Ribeiro, M.A. & Netto, A.P. (2017), Impact of Trust On Local Residents’ Mega-Event Perceptions And Their Support, Journal of Travel Research,.56 (3), 393-406.
  • Han, H. & Ryu, K. (2012), The Theory of Repurchase Decision-Making (TRD): Identifying the Critical Factors in The Post-Purchase Decision-Making Process, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 786-797.
  • http://www.kafkasor.org/anasayfa#/hakkinda,13.08.2018.
  • http://www.artvinkulturturizm.gov.tr/Eklenti/6655,artvinrehberi2011pdf.pdf?0, 13.08.2018.
  • http://www.artvinkulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,55891/kafkasor-turizm-merkezi.html, 13.08.2018.Jeong, G.H. & Faulkner, B. (1996), Resident Perceptions of Mega- Event Impacts: The Taejon International Exposition Case, Festival Management & Event Tourism, 4 (1), 3-11.
  • Koca, E. (2013). “Suçsuz Yere Polislik”: Artvin‟de Polis-Halk İlişkisi Üzerine Etnografik Bir İnceleme. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 46(4), 157-184.
  • Lee, M.J. & Back, K.J. (2007), Association Members’ Meeting Participation Behaviors: Development of Meeting Participation Model, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(2), 15-33.
  • Leenders, M.A., Go, F.M. & Bhansing, P.V. (2015), The Importance of the Location in Hosting A Festival: A Mapping Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24 (7), 754-769.
  • Lei, W., & Zhao, W. (2012), Determinants of Arts Festival Participation: An Investigation of Macao Residents, Event Management, 16 (4), 283-294.
  • Liang, Y., Illum, S.F. & Cole, S.T. (2008), Benefits Received and Behavioural Intentions of Festival Visitors in Relation to Distance Travelled and Their Origins, International Journal of Event Management Research, 4 (1), 12-23.
  • Nunkoo, R. & So, K.K.F. (2015), Residents’ Support for Tourism: Testing Alternative Structural Models, Journal of Travel Research, 55(7), 847-861.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Perugini, M. & Conner, M. (2000), Predicting and Understanding Behavioral Volitions: The Interplay Between Goals and Behaviors, European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 705-731.
  • Perugini, M. & Bagozzi, R.P. (2001). The Role of Desires and Anticipated Emotions in Goal-Directed Behaviours: Broadening and Deepening The Theory Of Planned Behaviour, British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 79-98.
  • Rao, V. (2001), Celebrations as Social Investments: Festival Expenditures, Unit Price Variation and Social Status in Rural India, The Journal of Development Studies, 38 (1), 71-97.
  • Secilmiş, C. & Yılmazdoğan, O. C. (2016), The Effect of Perceptions regarding Festivals on Festival Loyalty: The Case of Ayder Kardan Adam Festival, Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(2), 49-55.
  • Song, H.J., Lee, C.K., Kang, S.K. & Boo, S.J. (2012), The Effect of Environmentally Friendly Perceptions on Festival Visitors’ Decision-Making Process Using an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour, Tourism Management, 33(6), 1417-1428.
  • Sparks, B. & Pan, G.W. (2009), Chinese Outbond Tourists: Understanding Their Attitudes, Constraints, and Use of Information Sources, Tourism Management, 30, 483-494.
  • Taylor, S.D., Bagozzi, R.P. & Gaither, C.A. (2005), Decision Making and Effort in the Self-Regulation of Hypertension: Testing Two Competing Theories, British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(4), 505-530.
  • Yıldırım, O., Karaca, O.B. & Çakıcı, A.C. (2017), Yerel Halkın Adana-Uluslararası Portakal Çiçeği Karnavalı’na Yönelik Algı ve Memnuniyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 13(2), 50-68.
  • Yolal, M., Çetinel, F. & Uysal, M. (2009), An Examination of Festival Motivation and Perceived Benefits Relationship: Eskişehir International Festival, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 10(4), 276-291.
  • Yolal, M., Gursoy, D., Uysal, M., Kim, H. & Karacaoğlu, S. (2016), Impacts of Festivals and Events on Residents’ Well-Being, Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 1-18.
  • Yolal, M., Rus, R.V., Cosma, S. & Gursoy, D. (2015), A pilot study on spectators’ motivations and their socio-economic perceptions of a film festival, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 16(3), 253-271.
  • Zhou, J.Y. & Ap, J. (2006), Residents’ Perceptions towards the Impacts of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 78-91.
  • Zhou, J.Y. (2010), Resident Perceptions toward the Impacts of The Macao Grand Prix, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(2), 138-153.

A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 121 - 130, 30.06.2019

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to find out how local
residents perceive the socio-economic benefits of the festival and to examine the
residents’ decision-making process when participating the festival in their
community. Using data collected from
334 local attendees of Kafkasör-Culture Tourism and Art Festival in 2016, this
study examined the relationship between the socio-cultural impacts of a
festival and the decision-making process of attending the festival of local
residents. Factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted in the
study. The results indicate that
perceived positive socio-economic impacts simultaneously increase the residents’
willingness to revisit the festival. Findings also suggest that the dimension
of behavioural desire and intention is the most important factor in explaining
directed behaviour.  Festivals and special events have increased in
number worldwide due to their significant economic, social, and cultural
impacts on the destination and the hosting community. The role of the
socio-economic impacts of the local residents’ decision-making process has not
been taken into account when examining the effects of festivals in the previous
literature. 

References

  • Ajzen, I. & Driver, B. (1991), Prediction of Leisure Participation from Behavioral, Normative, and Control Beliefs: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior, Leisure Sciences, 13 (3), 185-204.
  • Ajzen, I. & Madden, T.J. (1986), Prediction of Goal-Directed Behavior: Attitudes, Intentions, and Perceived Behavioral Control, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 22 (5), 453-474.
  • Anwar, S.A. & Sohail, M.S. (2004), Festival Tourism in The United Arab Emirates: First-Time versus Repeat Visitor Perceptions, Journal of Vacation Marketing, 10 (2), 161-170.
  • Arcodia, C. & Whitford, M. (2006), Festival Attendance and the Development of Social Capital, Journal of Convention and Event Tourism, 8(2), 1-18.
  • Başoda, A. & Aylan, S. (2014), Turistlerin Karar Verme Sürecinin Amaca Yönelik Davranış Modeli ile Değerlendirilmesi: Mevlana Şeb-i Arus Törenleri Örneği, Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, 25 (1), 88-104.
  • Bigne, J. E., Andreua, L. & Gnoth, J. (2005), The Theme Park Experience: An Analysis of Pleasure, Arousal and Satisfaction, Tourism Management, 26, 833-844.
  • Cudny, W., Korec, P. & Rouba, R. (2012), Residents’ Perception of Festivals-A Case Study of Lodz, Sociologia, 44 (6), 704-728.
  • Cushman, G., Veal, A.J. & Zuzanek, J. (2005), Leisure Participation and Time-Use Surveys: An Overview, in G. Cushman, A.J. Veal & J. Zuzanek (Ed.), Free Time and Leisure Participation: International Perspectives, CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, pp. 1-16.
  • Deery, M. & Jago, L. (2010), Social Impacts of Events and the Role of Anti‐Social Behaviour, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(1), 8-28.
  • del Barrio, M.J., Devesa, M. & Herrero, L.C. (2012), Evaluating Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Case of Cultural Festivals, City, Culture and Society, 3, 235-244.
  • Delamere, T.A., Wankel, L.M. & Hinch, T.D. (2001), Development of a Scale to Measure Resident Attitudes toward the Social Impacts of Community Festivals, Part I: Item Generation and Purification of the Measure. Event Management, 7 (1), 11-24.
  • Dwyer, L., Mellor, R., Mistilis, N. & Mules, T. (2000), A Framework for Evaluating and Forecasting the Impacts of Special Events, in J. Allen, R. Harris, L.K. Jago & A.J. Veal (Ed.) Events Beyond 2000: Setting The Agenda, Australian Centre for Event Management, Sydney, pp. 31-45.
  • Erasmus, A.C., Boshoff, E. & Rousseau, G.G. (2001), Consumer Decision-Making Models within the Discipline of Consumer Science: A Critical Approach, Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 29, 82-90.
  • Erden, O. I. & Yolal, M. (2016), Residents’socio-Economic Perceptions of an International Fair, GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 18 (2), 152-161.
  • Esposito, G., Van Bavel, R., Baranowski, T. & Duch-Brown, N. (2016), Applying the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior, Including Descriptive Norms, to Physical Activity Intentions: A Contribution to Improving The Theory of Planned Behaviour, Psychological Reports, 119 (1), 5-26.
  • Getz, D. (1991), Festivals, Special Events and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
  • Getz, D. (1993), Festivals and special events, in M.A. Khan, M.D. Olsen & T. Var (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Hospitality and Tourism, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 789-810.
  • Getz, D. (1997), Event Management and Event Tourism, Cognizant Communication Corporation, New York.
  • Getz, D. (2015), The Forms and Functions of Planned Events, in I. Yeoman, M. Robertson, U. McMahon-Beattie, E. Bracker and K.A. Smith (Ed.), The Future of Events and Festivals, Routledge, New York, 20-35.
  • Gursoy, D., Kim, K. & Uysal, M. (2004), Perceived Impacts of Festivals and Special Events by Organizers: An Extension and Validation, Tourism Management, 25 (2), 171-181.
  • Gursoy, D. & Kendall, K.W. (2006), Hosting Mega Events-Modelling Locals’ Support, Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603-623.
  • Gursoy, D., Bonn, M. A. & Chi, C. G. (2010), An Examination of General, Nondestination Specific versus Destination Specific Motivational Factors, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 19(4), 340-357.
  • Gursoy, D., Yolal, M., Ribeiro, M.A. & Netto, A.P. (2017), Impact of Trust On Local Residents’ Mega-Event Perceptions And Their Support, Journal of Travel Research,.56 (3), 393-406.
  • Han, H. & Ryu, K. (2012), The Theory of Repurchase Decision-Making (TRD): Identifying the Critical Factors in The Post-Purchase Decision-Making Process, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 786-797.
  • http://www.kafkasor.org/anasayfa#/hakkinda,13.08.2018.
  • http://www.artvinkulturturizm.gov.tr/Eklenti/6655,artvinrehberi2011pdf.pdf?0, 13.08.2018.
  • http://www.artvinkulturturizm.gov.tr/TR,55891/kafkasor-turizm-merkezi.html, 13.08.2018.Jeong, G.H. & Faulkner, B. (1996), Resident Perceptions of Mega- Event Impacts: The Taejon International Exposition Case, Festival Management & Event Tourism, 4 (1), 3-11.
  • Koca, E. (2013). “Suçsuz Yere Polislik”: Artvin‟de Polis-Halk İlişkisi Üzerine Etnografik Bir İnceleme. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 46(4), 157-184.
  • Lee, M.J. & Back, K.J. (2007), Association Members’ Meeting Participation Behaviors: Development of Meeting Participation Model, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22(2), 15-33.
  • Leenders, M.A., Go, F.M. & Bhansing, P.V. (2015), The Importance of the Location in Hosting A Festival: A Mapping Approach, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 24 (7), 754-769.
  • Lei, W., & Zhao, W. (2012), Determinants of Arts Festival Participation: An Investigation of Macao Residents, Event Management, 16 (4), 283-294.
  • Liang, Y., Illum, S.F. & Cole, S.T. (2008), Benefits Received and Behavioural Intentions of Festival Visitors in Relation to Distance Travelled and Their Origins, International Journal of Event Management Research, 4 (1), 12-23.
  • Nunkoo, R. & So, K.K.F. (2015), Residents’ Support for Tourism: Testing Alternative Structural Models, Journal of Travel Research, 55(7), 847-861.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  • Perugini, M. & Conner, M. (2000), Predicting and Understanding Behavioral Volitions: The Interplay Between Goals and Behaviors, European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 705-731.
  • Perugini, M. & Bagozzi, R.P. (2001). The Role of Desires and Anticipated Emotions in Goal-Directed Behaviours: Broadening and Deepening The Theory Of Planned Behaviour, British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 79-98.
  • Rao, V. (2001), Celebrations as Social Investments: Festival Expenditures, Unit Price Variation and Social Status in Rural India, The Journal of Development Studies, 38 (1), 71-97.
  • Secilmiş, C. & Yılmazdoğan, O. C. (2016), The Effect of Perceptions regarding Festivals on Festival Loyalty: The Case of Ayder Kardan Adam Festival, Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 21(2), 49-55.
  • Song, H.J., Lee, C.K., Kang, S.K. & Boo, S.J. (2012), The Effect of Environmentally Friendly Perceptions on Festival Visitors’ Decision-Making Process Using an Extended Model of Goal-Directed Behaviour, Tourism Management, 33(6), 1417-1428.
  • Sparks, B. & Pan, G.W. (2009), Chinese Outbond Tourists: Understanding Their Attitudes, Constraints, and Use of Information Sources, Tourism Management, 30, 483-494.
  • Taylor, S.D., Bagozzi, R.P. & Gaither, C.A. (2005), Decision Making and Effort in the Self-Regulation of Hypertension: Testing Two Competing Theories, British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(4), 505-530.
  • Yıldırım, O., Karaca, O.B. & Çakıcı, A.C. (2017), Yerel Halkın Adana-Uluslararası Portakal Çiçeği Karnavalı’na Yönelik Algı ve Memnuniyetleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi, 13(2), 50-68.
  • Yolal, M., Çetinel, F. & Uysal, M. (2009), An Examination of Festival Motivation and Perceived Benefits Relationship: Eskişehir International Festival, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 10(4), 276-291.
  • Yolal, M., Gursoy, D., Uysal, M., Kim, H. & Karacaoğlu, S. (2016), Impacts of Festivals and Events on Residents’ Well-Being, Annals of Tourism Research, 61, 1-18.
  • Yolal, M., Rus, R.V., Cosma, S. & Gursoy, D. (2015), A pilot study on spectators’ motivations and their socio-economic perceptions of a film festival, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 16(3), 253-271.
  • Zhou, J.Y. & Ap, J. (2006), Residents’ Perceptions towards the Impacts of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, Journal of Travel Research, 48(1), 78-91.
  • Zhou, J.Y. (2010), Resident Perceptions toward the Impacts of The Macao Grand Prix, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 11(2), 138-153.
There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ebru Düşmezkalender 0000-0001-6197-1394

Cansev Özdemir 0000-0002-6836-9002

Medet Yolal 0000-0002-9834-2425

Publication Date June 30, 2019
Submission Date October 10, 2018
Acceptance Date March 14, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Düşmezkalender, E., Özdemir, C., & Yolal, M. (2019). A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 6(1), 121-130.
AMA Düşmezkalender E, Özdemir C, Yolal M. A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. June 2019;6(1):121-130.
Chicago Düşmezkalender, Ebru, Cansev Özdemir, and Medet Yolal. “A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6, no. 1 (June 2019): 121-30.
EndNote Düşmezkalender E, Özdemir C, Yolal M (June 1, 2019) A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6 1 121–130.
IEEE E. Düşmezkalender, C. Özdemir, and M. Yolal, “A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival”, Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 121–130, 2019.
ISNAD Düşmezkalender, Ebru et al. “A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi 6/1 (June 2019), 121-130.
JAMA Düşmezkalender E, Özdemir C, Yolal M. A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2019;6:121–130.
MLA Düşmezkalender, Ebru et al. “A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival”. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2019, pp. 121-30.
Vancouver Düşmezkalender E, Özdemir C, Yolal M. A Study on Perceived Socio-Economic Impacts of Cultural Festival on Local Residents Participation: Kafkasör Culture Tourism and Art Festival. Turizm Akademik Dergisi. 2019;6(1):121-30.