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Konvansiyonel Ani Küresel Vuruş (CPGS): Konvansiyonel mi Yoksa Nükleer Silah mı?

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 31 - 53, 23.12.2017

Abstract




Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde
hassas güdüm sistemine sahip konvansiyonel silahlar, yeni güvenlik ortamındaki
muharebeler için kritik malzeme haline gelmişken, nükleer silahların etkisi
büyük oranda azalmıştır. 11 Eylül sonrasında ABD, dünyanın herhangi bir yerindeki
bir hedefi bir saatten daha az sürede vurabilecek bir silah sistemi
geliştirebilmek amacıyla “Konvansiyonel Anlık Küresel Vuruş Projesi”ni
başlatmıştır. Proje, ABD politikalarında nükleer silahların rolünü azaltmayı
amaçlamaktadır. Ancak, Rusya’nın sert tepkisi dolayısıyla bu projeye karşı
geliştirdiği taarruz ve savunma programlarının (Rusya, Füze Savunma Sistemi ile
birlikte bu projeyi kendi güvenlik politikalarına karşı büyük bir tehdit olarak
tanımlamaktadır.) her iki ülke için de yeni bir nükleer silahlanma yarışı
başlatması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışma, CPGS projesinin gelişimini ve ABD-Rusya
arasındaki nükleer politikaları nasıl etkileyeceğini incelemektedir.




References

  • “Military Doctrine of Russian Federation”, 25 December 2014, https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads-001/2015/08/Russia-s-2014-Military-Doctrine.pdf, (Date of Accession: 12.03.2017). “Moscow slams Washington over Development of Prompt Global Strike System”, Sputnik News, 06 February 2016. “Nuclear Posture Review (Excerpts)”, http://web.stanford.edu/class/polisci211z/2.6/NPR2001leaked.pdf (Date of Accession: 17.02.2017). “Prompt Global Strike: American and Foreign Developments”, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives, 08 December 2015, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg98278/html/CHRG-114hhrg98278.htm, (Date of Accession: 11.03.2017). “Russia Warns of Nuclear Response to U.S. Global Strike Program”, Sputnik News, 11 December 2013. “Russia boosts Air Defense in face of US Prompt Global Strike Capacity”, Russia Today, 05 April 2015. “Statement of Admiral Michael G. Mullen (Chief of Naval Operations) before the Senate Armed Services Sub-Committee on Seapower”, 03 May 2007, http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/mullen/testimony/07843C2-2_Statement_SASC_SP_ 3May07_CNO_final.pdf, (Date of Accession: 11.03.2017). ACTON, James M., Silver Bullet: Asking the Right Question about Conventional Prompt Global Strike, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington D.C. 2013. ANTONOV, Anatoly I., “Remarks, NATO-Russia Council Meeting”, 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20080704102317/http://www.nato-russia-council.info/ htm/EN/ news_33.shtml, (Date of Accession: 26.03.2017). ANTONOV, Anatoly I., “Russia forced to develop Global Prompt Strike Weapons”, Security Index 19, Nu: 3, 2013. BIDEN, Joseph, “The Path to Nuclear Security: Implementing the President’s Prague Agenda”, remarks at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C., 18 February 2010, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=121263, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). BUNN, M. Elaine-Vincent A. Manzo, “Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Strategic Asset or Unusable Liability?”, Strategic Forum, National Defense University, February 2011. CARTWRIGHT, James, Testimony for the Senate Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing on Global Strike Plans and Programs in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for FY07, 29 March 2006. CHILTON, Kevin, Testimony for the House Armed Service Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing on Strategic Forces, 16 March 2010, http://armedservices.house.gov/pdfs/StratForces031610/Chilton_Testimony.pdf, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). Committee on Conventional Prompt Global Strike Capability, US Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Issues for 2008 and beyond, The National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 2008. DUNN, Jerome, FALCON HTV-2, DARPA, http://www.darpa.mil/program/falcon-htv-2, (Date of Accession: 04.02.2017). National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Air Force Science and Technology Board, Committee on the National Aerospace Initiative, Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative, The National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 2004, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10980.html, (Date of Accession: 16.12.2016). FERRAN, Le, “DoD: Army Successfully Tests Top Secret Hypersonic Weapon”, ABC News, 17 November 2011. GATES, Robert, “Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21st Century,” remarks at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 28, Washington D.C. 2008, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/1028_transcrip_gates_checked.pd, (Date of Accession: 12.03.2017). GERTZ, Bill, “Cyberwarfare is Coming”, The Washington Times, 18 March 2010. GORMLEY, Dennis M., “American Conventional Superiority: The Balancing Act”, Catherine M. Kelleher-Judith Reppy, eds., in Getting to Zero: The Path to Nuclear Disarmament, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011, p. 317-343. GORMLEY, Dennis M., “US Advanced Conventional Systems and Conventional Prompt Global Strike Ambitions: Assessing the Risks, Benefits, and Arms Control Implications”, Nonproliferation Review, Vol: 22, Nu: 2, p. 123-139. GREEN, Brian R, “Testimony for the Senate Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing Regarding Global Strike Issues”, 28 March 2007. GROSSMAN, Elaine M., “US General precise long-range missiles may enable big nuclear cuts”, Inside the Pentagon, 28 April 2005. GROSSMAN, Eleaine M., “Hayden: Prompt Global Strike raises bar for Intel community", Inside the Air Force, 22 June 2007. LAVROV, Sergey, “New START Treaty in the Global Security Matrix: The Political Dimension”, Mezhdunarodnaya Zhizn, Nu: 7, July 2010. MARTIN, James, “Hyper-glide Delivery Systems and the Implications for Strategic Stability and Arms Reductions”, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, April, Washington D.C. 2005, http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/45558/Hyperglide%20Final%20Report .pdf?sequence=, (Date of Accession: 19.02.2017). NITZE, Paul H., “Is It Time to Junk Our Nukes?”, Washington Post, 16 January 1994. Nuclear Posture Review Report, U.S. Department of Defense, April 2010, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/NPR/2010_Nuclear_Posture_Review_Report.pdf. NYE, James, “Pentagon’s top-secret hypersonic weapon explodes in mystery Alaska fireball: Flaming missile that can hit anywhere on Earth in an hour lights up the sky”, Dailymail.Online, 26 August 2014. OLGUIN, Abel, “Employment of Hypersonic Glide Vehicles: Proposed Criteria for Use”, Sarah Minot, eds., in Nuclear Scholars Initiative: A Collection of Papers from the 2014 Nuclear Scholars Initiative, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 2015, p.143-159. PUTIN, Vladimir, Address to the Federal Assembly, Moscow, 12 December 2013, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6402, (Date of Accession: 04.03.2017). Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2001 Report, US Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/QDR/qdr2001.pdf, (Date of Accession: 01.02.2017). Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2006 Report, US Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/QDR/Report20060203.pdf, (Date of Accession: 24.01.2017). Report to Congress on: Prompt Global Strike Plan, submitted by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, February 2007, http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Reading_Room/Other/Promt_Global_ Strike_Plan_02-2007.pdf, (Date of Accession: 17.01.2017). Russian National Security Strategy, Full Text Translation, 31 December 2015, http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/OtrasPublicaciones/Internacional/2016/Russian-National-Security-Strategy-31Dec2015.pdf, (Date of Accession: 02.03.2017). SAMPLE, Ian, “Falcon HTV-2 is lost during bid to become fastest ever plane”, The Guardian, 11 August 2011. SCHEBER, Thomas-et al., Conventional Prompt Global Strike: A Fresh Perspective, National Institute Press, Fairfax 2012. SENGER, David E.-Thom Shanker, “U.S. Faces Choice on New Weapons for Fast Strikes”, The New York Times, 22 April 2010. U.S. Army, “Army tests Advanced Hypersonic Weapon over Pacific”, 18 November 2011, https://www.army.mil/article/69608/Army_tests_Advanced_Hypersonic_ Weapon_over_Pacific/, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). U.S. Department of Defense, “RDT&E Programs (R-1)”, http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/FY2017/FY2017_r1.pdf, (Date of Accession: 27.02.2017). WHITLOCK, Craig, “US looks to Nonnuclear weapons to use as deterrent”, The Washington Post, 08 April 2010. ZENKO, Micah, Special Report on Toward deeper Reductions in US and Russian Nuclear Weapons, Council on Foreign Relations, No: 57, November 2010.

CONVENTIONAL PROMPT GLOBAL STRIKE (CPGS): A CONVENTIONAL OR A NUCLEAR WEAPON?

Year 2017, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 31 - 53, 23.12.2017

Abstract




The role of nuclear weapons diminished to a great extent after the end
of the Cold War, while conventional weapons with a precision guidance system have
emerged as a crucial asset for warfare in the new security environment. After
the September 11 attacks the US embarked on the Conventional Prompt Global
Strike (CPGS) program, to develop weapons that can strike any target in the
world in less than one hour.  CPGS was intended
to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in US politics, but Russian strong
opposition to the project, is expected to start a new nuclear armament race.
This paper will analyze the evolution of the CPGS project and debate how it
will affect nuclear politics between the US and Russia.




References

  • “Military Doctrine of Russian Federation”, 25 December 2014, https://www.offiziere.ch/wp-content/uploads-001/2015/08/Russia-s-2014-Military-Doctrine.pdf, (Date of Accession: 12.03.2017). “Moscow slams Washington over Development of Prompt Global Strike System”, Sputnik News, 06 February 2016. “Nuclear Posture Review (Excerpts)”, http://web.stanford.edu/class/polisci211z/2.6/NPR2001leaked.pdf (Date of Accession: 17.02.2017). “Prompt Global Strike: American and Foreign Developments”, Hearing before the Subcommittee on Strategic Forces of the Committee on Armed Services House of Representatives, 08 December 2015, https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-114hhrg98278/html/CHRG-114hhrg98278.htm, (Date of Accession: 11.03.2017). “Russia Warns of Nuclear Response to U.S. Global Strike Program”, Sputnik News, 11 December 2013. “Russia boosts Air Defense in face of US Prompt Global Strike Capacity”, Russia Today, 05 April 2015. “Statement of Admiral Michael G. Mullen (Chief of Naval Operations) before the Senate Armed Services Sub-Committee on Seapower”, 03 May 2007, http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/mullen/testimony/07843C2-2_Statement_SASC_SP_ 3May07_CNO_final.pdf, (Date of Accession: 11.03.2017). ACTON, James M., Silver Bullet: Asking the Right Question about Conventional Prompt Global Strike, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington D.C. 2013. ANTONOV, Anatoly I., “Remarks, NATO-Russia Council Meeting”, 2007, http://web.archive.org/web/20080704102317/http://www.nato-russia-council.info/ htm/EN/ news_33.shtml, (Date of Accession: 26.03.2017). ANTONOV, Anatoly I., “Russia forced to develop Global Prompt Strike Weapons”, Security Index 19, Nu: 3, 2013. BIDEN, Joseph, “The Path to Nuclear Security: Implementing the President’s Prague Agenda”, remarks at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C., 18 February 2010, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=121263, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). BUNN, M. Elaine-Vincent A. Manzo, “Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Strategic Asset or Unusable Liability?”, Strategic Forum, National Defense University, February 2011. CARTWRIGHT, James, Testimony for the Senate Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing on Global Strike Plans and Programs in Review of the Defense Authorization Request for FY07, 29 March 2006. CHILTON, Kevin, Testimony for the House Armed Service Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing on Strategic Forces, 16 March 2010, http://armedservices.house.gov/pdfs/StratForces031610/Chilton_Testimony.pdf, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). Committee on Conventional Prompt Global Strike Capability, US Conventional Prompt Global Strike: Issues for 2008 and beyond, The National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 2008. DUNN, Jerome, FALCON HTV-2, DARPA, http://www.darpa.mil/program/falcon-htv-2, (Date of Accession: 04.02.2017). National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Air Force Science and Technology Board, Committee on the National Aerospace Initiative, Evaluation of the National Aerospace Initiative, The National Academies Press, Washington D.C. 2004, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10980.html, (Date of Accession: 16.12.2016). FERRAN, Le, “DoD: Army Successfully Tests Top Secret Hypersonic Weapon”, ABC News, 17 November 2011. GATES, Robert, “Nuclear Weapons and Deterrence in the 21st Century,” remarks at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, October 28, Washington D.C. 2008, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/1028_transcrip_gates_checked.pd, (Date of Accession: 12.03.2017). GERTZ, Bill, “Cyberwarfare is Coming”, The Washington Times, 18 March 2010. GORMLEY, Dennis M., “American Conventional Superiority: The Balancing Act”, Catherine M. Kelleher-Judith Reppy, eds., in Getting to Zero: The Path to Nuclear Disarmament, Stanford University Press, Stanford 2011, p. 317-343. GORMLEY, Dennis M., “US Advanced Conventional Systems and Conventional Prompt Global Strike Ambitions: Assessing the Risks, Benefits, and Arms Control Implications”, Nonproliferation Review, Vol: 22, Nu: 2, p. 123-139. GREEN, Brian R, “Testimony for the Senate Armed Services Committee Strategic Forces Subcommittee Hearing Regarding Global Strike Issues”, 28 March 2007. GROSSMAN, Elaine M., “US General precise long-range missiles may enable big nuclear cuts”, Inside the Pentagon, 28 April 2005. GROSSMAN, Eleaine M., “Hayden: Prompt Global Strike raises bar for Intel community", Inside the Air Force, 22 June 2007. LAVROV, Sergey, “New START Treaty in the Global Security Matrix: The Political Dimension”, Mezhdunarodnaya Zhizn, Nu: 7, July 2010. MARTIN, James, “Hyper-glide Delivery Systems and the Implications for Strategic Stability and Arms Reductions”, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, April, Washington D.C. 2005, http://calhoun.nps.edu/bitstream/handle/10945/45558/Hyperglide%20Final%20Report .pdf?sequence=, (Date of Accession: 19.02.2017). NITZE, Paul H., “Is It Time to Junk Our Nukes?”, Washington Post, 16 January 1994. Nuclear Posture Review Report, U.S. Department of Defense, April 2010, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/NPR/2010_Nuclear_Posture_Review_Report.pdf. NYE, James, “Pentagon’s top-secret hypersonic weapon explodes in mystery Alaska fireball: Flaming missile that can hit anywhere on Earth in an hour lights up the sky”, Dailymail.Online, 26 August 2014. OLGUIN, Abel, “Employment of Hypersonic Glide Vehicles: Proposed Criteria for Use”, Sarah Minot, eds., in Nuclear Scholars Initiative: A Collection of Papers from the 2014 Nuclear Scholars Initiative, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham 2015, p.143-159. PUTIN, Vladimir, Address to the Federal Assembly, Moscow, 12 December 2013, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/6402, (Date of Accession: 04.03.2017). Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2001 Report, US Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/QDR/qdr2001.pdf, (Date of Accession: 01.02.2017). Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) 2006 Report, US Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/Portals/1/features/defenseReviews/QDR/Report20060203.pdf, (Date of Accession: 24.01.2017). Report to Congress on: Prompt Global Strike Plan, submitted by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, February 2007, http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Reading_Room/Other/Promt_Global_ Strike_Plan_02-2007.pdf, (Date of Accession: 17.01.2017). Russian National Security Strategy, Full Text Translation, 31 December 2015, http://www.ieee.es/Galerias/fichero/OtrasPublicaciones/Internacional/2016/Russian-National-Security-Strategy-31Dec2015.pdf, (Date of Accession: 02.03.2017). SAMPLE, Ian, “Falcon HTV-2 is lost during bid to become fastest ever plane”, The Guardian, 11 August 2011. SCHEBER, Thomas-et al., Conventional Prompt Global Strike: A Fresh Perspective, National Institute Press, Fairfax 2012. SENGER, David E.-Thom Shanker, “U.S. Faces Choice on New Weapons for Fast Strikes”, The New York Times, 22 April 2010. U.S. Army, “Army tests Advanced Hypersonic Weapon over Pacific”, 18 November 2011, https://www.army.mil/article/69608/Army_tests_Advanced_Hypersonic_ Weapon_over_Pacific/, (Date of Accession: 11.02.2017). U.S. Department of Defense, “RDT&E Programs (R-1)”, http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/FY2017/FY2017_r1.pdf, (Date of Accession: 27.02.2017). WHITLOCK, Craig, “US looks to Nonnuclear weapons to use as deterrent”, The Washington Post, 08 April 2010. ZENKO, Micah, Special Report on Toward deeper Reductions in US and Russian Nuclear Weapons, Council on Foreign Relations, No: 57, November 2010.
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Details

Journal Section Articles
Authors

Şafak Oğuz

Publication Date December 23, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 1 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Oğuz, Ş. (2017). Konvansiyonel Ani Küresel Vuruş (CPGS): Konvansiyonel mi Yoksa Nükleer Silah mı?. Uluslararası Kriz Ve Siyaset Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(3), 31-53.