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Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 33 - 50, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Yumuşak güç, zorlama olmadan elde edilebilen çekim gücüne dayalı modeldir. Yumuşak ‎güç ‎stratejisi geçmişte liberal hegemonik politika yaklaşımı olarak rasyonel olarak ‎kullanılmakla ‎birlikte, son yirmi yılda batının liberal çehresi değişmiştir. Çin ise bu zaman ‎diliminde ‎uluslararası sahada meydan okuyucu tavırlar sergilemeye başlamıştır. Bu ‎çerçevede hâlihazırda ‎Çin, Batı tarzı uluslararası ilişkiler modelinde, batının üstünlüğünü ‎aşmak üzere yumuşak güç ‎modelini kullanmaktadır. Bu durumda Çin, uluslararası ilişkiler, ‎gümrük hizmetleri ve ‎uluslararası hukukla ilgili politikalarını modernize etmek için ‎‎“işbirliği politikasını” ön plana ‎çıkarmıştır. Çin kendini “güçlü” bir devlet yapmak üzere, ‎‎“barbarları, barbarları kontrol etmek ‎için kullanın” sloganıyla modernleşme için kademeli ‎olarak dış ilişkilerinde yumuşak gücü ‎uygulamayı hedeflemiştir. Ancak, Çin'in yumuşak güç ‎modeli yeni dünya düzenini ‎şekillendirmesinde kendine has stratejileri içermektedir. Bu ‎makale, literatür ve politika ‎yapıcıları tarafından Çin'in yumuşak güç kavramını nasıl ‎ayrıştığını, batı tarzı yumuşak güç ‎kavramının nasıl sınırlara sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaya ‎çalışmaktadır.‎ Sonuç olarak bu ‎makale, Çin'in Batı ile karşılaştırıldığında güç kavramını ‎tanımlamak için yeni bir paradigmaya ‎sahip olup olmadığını incelemektedir.‎

References

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China and the Alternative Charms of 21st Century’s New World Order: How China is ‎Reshaping their Non-Western Model of ‎Soft Power

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 33 - 50, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Soft power is the frame of attraction that can be achieved without force. The strategy of soft ‎power mainly proliferated and rationally employed by the west as a policy approach of their ‎liberal hegemonic face. Though since the last two decades, the west’s liberal faces are declining ‎and the new challenging appearances are coming from the east, especially from China. China ‎was used to ‎follow the methods of the western style of international relations to overcome their ‎superiority. In ‎that case, China was used to highlight the “cooperative policy” to modernize ‎their policy ‎related to international relations, custom service, and international law. To make ‎China as ‎‎“powerful” nation, they aimed to introduce the Chinese version of foreign relations ‎and soft ‎power model where “use barbarians to control barbarians” was a gradual process into ‎the progression ‎of modernization. However, the query is which Chinese model of soft power ‎will introduce China’s strategies in shaping the future new world order. This paper seeks to find ‎out whether and how scholars and policymakers ‎distinguish China’s soft power concept and ‎how soft power has been framed in the ‎literature and academia of China apart from the concept ‎of western soft power. Finally, this study assesses whether China ‎shows a new paradigm to ‎identify the power concept in comparison with its frontiers of the West. ‎

References

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  • Albert, Eleanor. (2018). China’s Big Bet Soft Power. Council for Foreign Relations (CFR), ‎February 9, 2018. Accessed: 12.05.2018. Available at ‎https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-big-bet-soft-power
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  • Brookes, Peter (13 April 2011). “Hearing on "China's Foreign Policy: Challenges and Actors”. ‎U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission.‎ Cao, Deborah (2004). The Chinese Law. Hants, England: Ashgate Publishing, p. 72-74.‎
  • Carlsnaes, Walter (1992). The Agency-Structure Problem in Foreign Policy Analysis”, ‎International Studies Quarterly, 36 (3): 245-70‎ CIDCA. (2020). Available at http://en.cidca.gov.cn/‎
  • Collins, Michael. (2020). The WHO and China: Dereliction of Duty. Council on Foreign ‎Relations, February 27, 2020. Available at (accessed September 17, 2020).‎
  • Deacon, David. et al. (1999). Researching Communications: A Practical Guide to Methods in ‎Media and Cultural Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press ‎
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  • Islam, M. N. (2019a). Emerging Global Organizations and Groups: A Paradigms Shift for New ‎World Order. ADAM AKADEMİ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 9 (2): 471–490. DOI: ‎‎10.31679/adamakademi.508998.‎
  • Islam, M. N. (2019b). Güç, strateji ve potansiyeller: Çin ordusunun temel yetenekleri ve ‎unsurları üzerine bir inceleme [Power, strategy and potentials: A study on the factors and ‎key capabilities of China's military]. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies (CJAS) 1 (1): ‎‎100–110.‎
  • Islam, M. N. (2020a). Rethinking Turkey-Iraq Relations: The Dilemma of Partial Cooperation. ‎Insight Turkey 22 (1): 257–260.‎
  • Islam, M. N. (2020b). Turkey, Asia Anew and South Asia: A Comparative Assessment on ‎Bilateral Relations and Soft Power Policy with Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. TURAN-‎SAM Uluslararası Bilimsel Hakemli Dergisi 12 (47): 379–398. Doi: 10.15189/1308-8041.‎
  • Islam, M. N., and Cansu, E. E. (2020). BRI, CPEC, and Pakistan: A Qualitative Content ‎Analysis on China's Grand Strategies. International Journal on World Peace 37 (3): 35–‎‎64. ‎
  • Islam, Md. Nazmul. (2019). Güç, strateji ve potansiyeller: Çin ordusunun temel yetenekleri ve ‎unsurları üzerine bir inceleme. Cappadocia Journal of Area Studies, 1(1), 100–110. ‎https://doi.org/10.38154/cjas.13‎
  • Islam, Md. Nazmul. (2021). Culture, Politics and Interests: Comparing China and India’s Soft ‎Power Strategy in the Case of Pakistan and Iran (PhD Dissertation: Ankara Yildirim ‎Beyazit University). Ankara: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University
  • Jinping, Xi. (2017). Secure a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in ‎All Respects and Strive for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics ‎for a New Era. Delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ‎October 18, 2017. Available at ‎http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/download/Xi_Jinping's_report_at_19th_CPC_National‎_Congress.pdf (accessed Jun 25, 2020).‎
  • Kim, Jo. (2020). Will Internet Celebrities Become China’s New Channel for Projecting Soft ‎Power? The Diplomat, May 5, 2020. Available at https://thediplomat.com/2020/05/will-‎internet-celebrities-become-chinas-new-channel-for-projecting-soft-power/ (accessed ‎September 17, 2020).‎
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  • Kurlantzick, Joshua. (2007). Charm Offensive: How China’s Soft Power Is Transforming the ‎World. New York: Yale University Press, New Haven and London. ISBN: 978-0-300-‎‎11703-5.‎
  • Latif, Aamir. (2020). China assists Asia in fighting coronavirus. Anadolu Agency, March 27, ‎‎2020. Available at https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/china-assists-asia-in-fighting-‎coronavirus/1782309 (accessed September 30, 2020).‎
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  • Nyadera, I. N., and Islam, Md N. (2020b). Link Between Administration, Politics, and ‎Bureaucracy. In Farazmand, A. (ed.), Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, ‎Public Policy, and Governance. Springer, Cham. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3903-‎‎1.‎
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  • Nye, Joseph. S. (1990a). Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. New York: ‎Basic Books.‎
  • Nye, Joseph. S. (1990b) “The Changing Nature of World Power”. Political Science Quarterly, ‎‎105, no. 2, 177–92.‎
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There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Md Nazmul Islam 0000-0002-8660-0415

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Submission Date December 10, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Islam, M. N. (2022). Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, 6(1), 33-50.
AMA Islam MN. Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. June 2022;6(1):33-50.
Chicago Islam, Md Nazmul. “Çin Ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 6, no. 1 (June 2022): 33-50.
EndNote Islam MN (June 1, 2022) Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 6 1 33–50.
IEEE M. N. Islam, “Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎”, Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 33–50, 2022.
ISNAD Islam, Md Nazmul. “Çin Ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 6/1 (June 2022), 33-50.
JAMA Islam MN. Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2022;6:33–50.
MLA Islam, Md Nazmul. “Çin Ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 33-50.
Vancouver Islam MN. Çin ve 21. Yüzyıl Yeni Dünya Düzeninin Alternatif Tılsımları: Çin, Batı Kökenli Olmayan ‎Yumuşak Güç Modelini Nasıl Yeniden Şekillendiriyor?‎. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2022;6(1):33-50.
Ulisa: Journal of International Studies is published by the ULİSA Institute.