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COVİD 19 Salgınında Gıda Güvencesi: Gıda Tedarik Zincirlerine Bağlı Etkiler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 2333 - 2349, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1055879

Öz

Son yıllarda gıda fiyatlarındaki artışlar ile gıda kıtlığına yönelik sinyaller veren küresel gıda tedarik zincirlerinin kırılganlığı, COVID-19 salgını sürecinde hükümetlerin uyguladığı kapanma önlemleri ile en üst seviyeye çıkmıştır. Bu çalışmada, halen devam etmekte olan COVID-19 salgını ve salgınla mücadelede alınan önlemlerin küresel gıda tedarik zincirlerinde neden olduğu aksaklıkların ve bu aksaklıkların gıda güvencesine etkilerinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Gıda tedarik zincirlerindeki akışın bozulmasına neden olan arz ve talep yönlü şoklarla gıda güvencesini tehdit eden aksaklıklar, yeterli ve besleyici gıdaya erişimi salgın kadar önemli bir sorun haline getirmiştir. Gıda tedarik zincirinde; tüketicilerin panik yönlü satın alma davranışı göstermesi, işgücü piyasalarında değişime bağlı iş ve gelir kayıpları ile enflasyon talep yönlü etkiler olarak görülmüştür. İşgücü kıtlığı, ulaşım ağlarındaki aksamalar ve ülkelerin koyduğu sınırlamalar, dijital teknolojinin imkânları ile e-ticaretin yaygınlaşması ise arz yönlü etkiler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. COVID-19 salgını, arz ve talep yönlü şoklarla gıda güvencesi üzerinde gıdanın fiziksel bulunabilirliğini, gıdaya ekonomik ve fiziksel erişimi, gıda kullanımını ve gıda istikrarını tehlikeye atan olumsuz etkilere neden olmuştur. Çalışma sonunda, gıda güvencesini sağlamada, gıda sistemlerinin dayanıklılığı, gıda tedarik zincirlerinin otomasyonu, çalışanların güvenliği ve tedarik zinciri faaliyetlerinin çevrimiçi ortamlarda denetlenmesinin önemi, gıda güvencesizliği yaşayan savunmasız gruplara yönelik devletin sosyal güvenlik politika ve uygulamaları ile gıda egemenliği konuları tartışılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Babu, S., Gajanan, S., & Sanyal, P. (2014). Food security, poverty and nutrition policy analysis: statistical methods and applications. Academic Press.
  • Béné, C. (2020). Resilience of local food systems and links to food security–A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks. Food Security, 1- 18.
  • Chitrakar, B., Zhang, M., & Bhandari, B. (2021). Improvement strategies of food supply chain through novel food processing technologies during COVID-19 pandemic. Food Control, 125(2021), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108010
  • Dani, S. (2015). Food supply chain management and logistics: From farm to fork. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Devereux, S., Béné, C., & Hoddinott, J. (2020). Conceptualising COVID-19’s impacts on household food security. Food Security, 12(4), 769-772.
  • Erokhin, V., & Gao, T. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on trade and economic aspects of food security: Evidence from 45 developing countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5775.
  • Escaler, M., Teng, P., & Caballero-Anthony, M. (2010). Ensuring urban food security in ASEAN summary of the findings of the food security expert group meeting held in Singapore 4–5 August, 2010. Food Security, 2(4), 407-411.
  • FAO (2008). An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. Rome Food and Agriculture Organisation. www.fao.org/3/aal936e.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2021).
  • Gentilini, U., Almenfi, M., Orton, I., ve Dale, P. (2020). Social protection and jobs responses to COVID 19.
  • Gholami-Zanjani, S. M., Klibi, W., Jabalameli, M. S., & Pishvaee, M. S. (2021). The design of resilient food supply chain networks prone to epidemic disruptions. International Journal of Production Economics, 233, 108001.
  • Glauber, J., Laborde Debucquet, D., Martin, W., & Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19: Trade restrictions are worst possible response to safeguard food security. IFPRI book chapters, 66-68.
  • Global Report obn Food Crises,Joint Analysis for Better Decisions (2020). https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP0000114546./download/?_ga=2.2698416.16 1865239.1589968966-60098291.1589356657 (Erişim tarihi: 08 Aralık 2021).
  • Gray, R. S. (2020). Agriculture, transportation, and the COVID‐19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 239-243.
  • Gülçubuk,B. (2020). COVID-19 Sonrasında Tarım Politikalarının Geleceği. İstanbul Politik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Politika Raporu, İstanbul.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 171-176.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2021). Food supply chain resilience and the COVID‐19 pandemic: What have we learned?. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 69(2), 189-196.
  • Inegbedion, H. E. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown: implication for food security. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 11(5), 437-451.
  • Irwin, D. A. (2020). The pandemic adds momentum to the deglobalization trend. Peterson Institute for International Economics, April, https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime- economic-issues-watch/pandemic-adds-momentum-deglobalization-trend.
  • Kara, Y. (2020). Gıda Egemenliğine Yerel Destek: Bodrum Tohum Derneği Örneği. Social Sciences Research Journal, 9 (4), 65-74.
  • Karakuş Umar, E. (2019). Sosyolojik Bakış Açısından Gıda Güvencesi Kavramı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20 (37), 1027-1046.
  • Karaman,K. (2018). Tarım-Gıda Politikaları Bağlamında Türkiye’de Gıda Güvencesi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 65, 115-133.
  • Kıymaz, T., & Şahinöz, A. (2010). Dünya ve Türkiye–Gıda Güvencesi Durumu.
  • Koç, G., ve Uzmay, A. (2015). Gıda Güvencesi ve Gıda Güvenliği: Kavramsal Çerçeve, Gelişmeler Ve Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(1).
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., Swinnen, J., ve Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science, 369(6503), 500-502.
  • Larue, B. (2020). Labor issues and COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 231-237.
  • Loker,A., Francis,A. (2020). Urban food sovereignty: urgent need for agroecology and systems thinking in a post-COVID-19 future. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 44(9), 1118-1123.
  • Luckstead, J., Nayga Jr, R. M., & Snell, H. A. (2021). Labor issues in the food supply chain amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 382-400.
  • Mardones, F. O., Rich, K. M., Boden, L. A., Moreno-Switt, A. I., Caipo, M. L., Zimin Veselkoff, N., & Baltenweck, I. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and global food security. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 928.
  • Mussell, A., Bilyea, T., & Hedley, D. (2020). Agri‐food supply chains and Covid‐19: Balancing resilience and vulnerability. Agri-Food Economic Systems, 1-6.
  • Newman, J., & Bunge, J. (2020). Farmers dump milk, break eggs as coronavirus restaurant closings destroy demand. Wall Street Journal.
  • O'Hara, S., & Toussaint, E. C. (2021). Food access in crisis: Food security and COVID 19. Ecological Economics, 180, 106859.
  • Reardon, T., ve Swinnen, J. (2020). COVID-19 and resilience innovations in food supply chains. IFPRI book chapters, 132-136.
  • Resnick, D. (2020). IFPRI’s COVID-19 Policy Response Portal: Identifying trends and implications for food systems. IFPRI book chapters, 111-114.
  • Rizou, M., Galanakis, I. M., Aldawoud, T. M., & Galanakis, C. M. (2020). Safety of foods, food supply chain and environment within the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in food science & technology, 102, 293-299.
  • Rozelle, S., Rahimi, H., Wang, H., & Dill, E. (2020). 11. Lockdowns are protecting China’s rural families from COVID-19, but the economic burden is heavy.
  • Siche, R. (2020). What is the impact of COVID-19 disease on agriculture? Scientia Agropecuaria, 11(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.01.00
  • Stamoulis, K.G. and Zezza, A. (2016), Socioeconomic policies and food security. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7089736.pdf.
  • Swinnen, J., & McDermott, J. (2020). COVID‐19 and global food security. EuroChoices, 19(3), 26-33.
  • Udmale, P., Pal, I., Szabo, S., Pramanik, M., & Large, A. (2020). Global food security in the context of COVID-19: A scenario-based exploratory analysis. Progress in Disaster Science, 7, 100120.
  • UNDP, 2021. https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development- goals.html (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2021).

Food Security in the COVID 19 Pandemic: Impacts Related to Food Supply Chains

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 2333 - 2349, 31.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1055879

Öz

The fragility of global food supply chains, which signals food shortages and increases in food prices in recent years, has reached the highest level with the government’s lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to highlight the disruptions in global food supply chains brought about by the ongoing COVID -19 pandemic and present the impact of these disruptions on food security. Supply-side and demand-side shocks that bring about deterioration of the flow in food supply chains and disruptions that threaten food security have made access to adequate and nutritious food an issue as significant as the pandemic. In the food supply chain, panic-oriented buying behaviors by consumers, job and income losses due to changes in labor markets and inflation have occurred as demand-side effects. Labor shortages, disruptions in transportation networks, restrictions imposed by countries, the opportunities of digital technology, and the spread of e-commerce have emerged as supply-side effects. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused negative effects on food security, jeopardizing availability, access, utilization, and stability with supply-side and demand-side shocks. In the conclusion part of the study, the resiliency of food systems, automation of food supply chains, the safety of employees and the importance of monitoring supply chain activities in online environments, the social security policies and practices of the state for vulnerable groups experiencing food insecurity, and food sovereignty were discussed.

Kaynakça

  • Babu, S., Gajanan, S., & Sanyal, P. (2014). Food security, poverty and nutrition policy analysis: statistical methods and applications. Academic Press.
  • Béné, C. (2020). Resilience of local food systems and links to food security–A review of some important concepts in the context of COVID-19 and other shocks. Food Security, 1- 18.
  • Chitrakar, B., Zhang, M., & Bhandari, B. (2021). Improvement strategies of food supply chain through novel food processing technologies during COVID-19 pandemic. Food Control, 125(2021), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108010
  • Dani, S. (2015). Food supply chain management and logistics: From farm to fork. Kogan Page Publishers.
  • Devereux, S., Béné, C., & Hoddinott, J. (2020). Conceptualising COVID-19’s impacts on household food security. Food Security, 12(4), 769-772.
  • Erokhin, V., & Gao, T. (2020). Impacts of COVID-19 on trade and economic aspects of food security: Evidence from 45 developing countries. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(16), 5775.
  • Escaler, M., Teng, P., & Caballero-Anthony, M. (2010). Ensuring urban food security in ASEAN summary of the findings of the food security expert group meeting held in Singapore 4–5 August, 2010. Food Security, 2(4), 407-411.
  • FAO (2008). An introduction to the basic concepts of food security. Rome Food and Agriculture Organisation. www.fao.org/3/aal936e.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 7 Kasım 2021).
  • Gentilini, U., Almenfi, M., Orton, I., ve Dale, P. (2020). Social protection and jobs responses to COVID 19.
  • Gholami-Zanjani, S. M., Klibi, W., Jabalameli, M. S., & Pishvaee, M. S. (2021). The design of resilient food supply chain networks prone to epidemic disruptions. International Journal of Production Economics, 233, 108001.
  • Glauber, J., Laborde Debucquet, D., Martin, W., & Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19: Trade restrictions are worst possible response to safeguard food security. IFPRI book chapters, 66-68.
  • Global Report obn Food Crises,Joint Analysis for Better Decisions (2020). https://docs.wfp.org/api/documents/WFP0000114546./download/?_ga=2.2698416.16 1865239.1589968966-60098291.1589356657 (Erişim tarihi: 08 Aralık 2021).
  • Gray, R. S. (2020). Agriculture, transportation, and the COVID‐19 crisis. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 239-243.
  • Gülçubuk,B. (2020). COVID-19 Sonrasında Tarım Politikalarının Geleceği. İstanbul Politik Araştırmalar Enstitüsü, Politika Raporu, İstanbul.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2020). Food supply chains during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68(2), 171-176.
  • Hobbs, J. E. (2021). Food supply chain resilience and the COVID‐19 pandemic: What have we learned?. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 69(2), 189-196.
  • Inegbedion, H. E. (2020). COVID-19 lockdown: implication for food security. Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 11(5), 437-451.
  • Irwin, D. A. (2020). The pandemic adds momentum to the deglobalization trend. Peterson Institute for International Economics, April, https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime- economic-issues-watch/pandemic-adds-momentum-deglobalization-trend.
  • Kara, Y. (2020). Gıda Egemenliğine Yerel Destek: Bodrum Tohum Derneği Örneği. Social Sciences Research Journal, 9 (4), 65-74.
  • Karakuş Umar, E. (2019). Sosyolojik Bakış Açısından Gıda Güvencesi Kavramı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20 (37), 1027-1046.
  • Karaman,K. (2018). Tarım-Gıda Politikaları Bağlamında Türkiye’de Gıda Güvencesi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 65, 115-133.
  • Kıymaz, T., & Şahinöz, A. (2010). Dünya ve Türkiye–Gıda Güvencesi Durumu.
  • Koç, G., ve Uzmay, A. (2015). Gıda Güvencesi ve Gıda Güvenliği: Kavramsal Çerçeve, Gelişmeler Ve Türkiye. Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics, 21(1).
  • Laborde, D., Martin, W., Swinnen, J., ve Vos, R. (2020). COVID-19 risks to global food security. Science, 369(6503), 500-502.
  • Larue, B. (2020). Labor issues and COVID-19. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 68(2), 231-237.
  • Loker,A., Francis,A. (2020). Urban food sovereignty: urgent need for agroecology and systems thinking in a post-COVID-19 future. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 44(9), 1118-1123.
  • Luckstead, J., Nayga Jr, R. M., & Snell, H. A. (2021). Labor issues in the food supply chain amid the COVID‐19 pandemic. Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 43(1), 382-400.
  • Mardones, F. O., Rich, K. M., Boden, L. A., Moreno-Switt, A. I., Caipo, M. L., Zimin Veselkoff, N., & Baltenweck, I. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and global food security. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7, 928.
  • Mussell, A., Bilyea, T., & Hedley, D. (2020). Agri‐food supply chains and Covid‐19: Balancing resilience and vulnerability. Agri-Food Economic Systems, 1-6.
  • Newman, J., & Bunge, J. (2020). Farmers dump milk, break eggs as coronavirus restaurant closings destroy demand. Wall Street Journal.
  • O'Hara, S., & Toussaint, E. C. (2021). Food access in crisis: Food security and COVID 19. Ecological Economics, 180, 106859.
  • Reardon, T., ve Swinnen, J. (2020). COVID-19 and resilience innovations in food supply chains. IFPRI book chapters, 132-136.
  • Resnick, D. (2020). IFPRI’s COVID-19 Policy Response Portal: Identifying trends and implications for food systems. IFPRI book chapters, 111-114.
  • Rizou, M., Galanakis, I. M., Aldawoud, T. M., & Galanakis, C. M. (2020). Safety of foods, food supply chain and environment within the COVID-19 pandemic. Trends in food science & technology, 102, 293-299.
  • Rozelle, S., Rahimi, H., Wang, H., & Dill, E. (2020). 11. Lockdowns are protecting China’s rural families from COVID-19, but the economic burden is heavy.
  • Siche, R. (2020). What is the impact of COVID-19 disease on agriculture? Scientia Agropecuaria, 11(1), 3-6. https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.01.00
  • Stamoulis, K.G. and Zezza, A. (2016), Socioeconomic policies and food security. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/7089736.pdf.
  • Swinnen, J., & McDermott, J. (2020). COVID‐19 and global food security. EuroChoices, 19(3), 26-33.
  • Udmale, P., Pal, I., Szabo, S., Pramanik, M., & Large, A. (2020). Global food security in the context of COVID-19: A scenario-based exploratory analysis. Progress in Disaster Science, 7, 100120.
  • UNDP, 2021. https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/sustainable-development- goals.html (Erişim tarihi: 15 Kasım 2021).
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ekonomi, Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Nusret Soğancılar 0000-0002-9729-5372

Zeynep Dereli 0000-0002-3486-5630

Güler Sağlam Arı 0000-0002-4411-6609

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2022
Kabul Tarihi 28 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Soğancılar, N., Dereli, Z., & Sağlam Arı, G. (2022). COVİD 19 Salgınında Gıda Güvencesi: Gıda Tedarik Zincirlerine Bağlı Etkiler. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 6(2), 2333-2349. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1055879