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COVID-19 pandemisi ve tükenmişlik: sağlık çalışanları arasında tükenmişlik düzeyleriyle ilişkili faktörler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 669 - 678, 02.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1273743

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık çalışanlarının tükenmişlik düzeylerini etkileyen psikososyal ve demografik faktörler araştırılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Türkiye'de Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Balcalı Hastanesi'nde görev yapan toplam 418 sağlık çalışanı üzerinde kesitsel ve betimsel bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılar rastgele seçilirken 33 açık ve kapalı uçlu sorudan oluşan sosyodemografik kişisel bilgi formu, Koronavirüs Kaygı Ölçeği, Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği ve Beck Tükenmişlik Ölçeği uygulandı.
Bulgular: Çalışmamızın örneklemini Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi‘nde yaşları 19 ile 63 (ort= 35.51±9.38) arasında değişen, 284‘ü (% 61.8) kadın, 132‘si (% 31.7) erkek ve 2‘si (% 0.5) cinsiyetini belirtmeyen olmak üzere 418 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmuştur. Sağlık çalışanlarında duygusal tükenme ve duyarsızlaşma puanlarının Beck anksiyete ve Covid-19 anksiyete punaları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki olduğu görülürken, kişisel başarı puanlarının ise söz konusu bu değişkenler ile anlamlı düzeyde, ancak negatif yönde ilişki görülmüştür. Ayrıca, Beck anksiyete ve Covid-19 ilişkili anksiyete kadın olmanın, genç olmanın, bekâr olmanın, çocuk sahibi olmanın, kronik rahatsızlığa sahip olmanın, Covid-19 hastalığı geçirmenin, haftalık çalışma saatindeki artışın tükenmişliği arttıran faktörler olduğu bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: COVID-19 salgını sırasında ve sonrasında, sağlık çalışanlarının tükenmişliğini etkileyebilecek faktörleri ele almak ve çeşitli psikolojik destek biçimleri sunmak için düzenlemeler yapmak çok önemlidir

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
  • akut E, Kuru Ö, Güngör Y. Sağlık personelinin covid-19 korkusu ile tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide aşırı iş yükü ve algılanan sosyal desteğin etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modeliyle belirlenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi. 2020;83:241-62.
  • Günüşen N, Üstün B. Türkiye'de ikinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan hemşire ve hekimlerde tükenmişlik: Literatür incelemesi. DEUHYO ED. 2010;3:40-51.
  • Tang C, Liu C, Fang P, Xiang Y, Min R. Work-related accumulated fatigue among doctors in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional survey in six provinces of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:3049.
  • Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, et al. A comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60:60-5.
  • Moazzami B, Razavi-Khorasani N, Dooghaie Moghadam A, Farokhi E, Rezaei N. COVID-19 and telemedicine: Immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being. J Clin Virol. 2020;126:104345.
  • World Health Organization. (‎2020)‎. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331490.
  • Duan X, Ni X, Shi L, Zhang L, Ye Y, Mu H, et al. The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17:93.
  • Burke RJ, Greenglass ER. Hospital restructuring, work-family conflict and psychological burnout among nursing staff. Psychol Health. 2001;16:583-94.
  • Chirico F, Nucera G, Magnavita N. Protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency. BJPsych Int. 2020;1–2.
  • Lisi L, Ciaffi J, Bruni A, Mancarella L, Brusi V, Gramegna P, et al. Levels and factors associated with resilience in italian healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based survey. Behav Sci (Basel). 2020;10:183.
  • Badrfam R, Zandifar A, Arbabi M. Mental health of medical workers in COVID-19 pandemic: restrictions and barriers. J Res Health Sci. 2020;20:e00481.
  • Yumru M. Covid-19 ve sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2020;23:5-6.
  • Maslach C, Zimbardo PG. Burnout: The Cost of Caring Prentice-Hall. Nueva York, 1982.
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav. 1981;2:99-113.
  • World Health Organization. Burnout an “Occupational Phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2019.
  • Kansoun Z, Boyer L, Hodgkinson M, Villes V, Lançon C, Fond G. Burnout in French physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:132-47.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biyoistatistik. 17. Baskı. Ankara Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44:393-401.
  • Biçer İ, Çakmak C, Demir H, Kurt ME. Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020;25:216-25.
  • Ergin C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmşlik Ölçeğinin uyarlanması, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inven tory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish version of The Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric Properties. J Cognit Psychother. 1998;12:28-35.
  • Sengul H, Cinar F, Bulut A. The perception of queen bee phenomenon in nurses; qualitative study in health sector. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:906-12.
  • Arpacıoğlu, S, Baltalı Z, Ünübol B. COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik, Covid korkusu, depresyon, mesleki doyum düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46:88-100.
  • Miguel-Puga JA, Cooper-Bribiesca D, Avelar-Garnica FJ, Sanchez-Hurtado LA, Colin-Martínez T, Espinosa-Poblano E et al. Burnout, depersonalization, and anxiety contribute to post-traumatic stress in frontline health workers at COVID-19 patient care, a follow-up study. Brain Behav. 2021;e02007.
  • Ren SY, Gao RD, Chen YL. Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8:652-7.
  • Matsuo T, Kobayashi D, Taki F, Sakamoto F, Uehara Y, Mori N, Fukui T. Prevalence of health care worker burnout during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2017271.
  • Marchand A, Blanc M-E, Beauregard N. Do age and gender contribute to workers’ burnout symptoms? Occup Med. 2018;68:405-11.
  • Erol A, Akarca F, Değerli V, Sert E, Delibaş H, Gülpek D ve ark. Acil servis çalışanlarında tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2012;15:103–10.
  • Oğuzberk M, Aydın A. Ruh sağlığı çalışanlarında tükenmişlik. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2008; 11:167–79.
  • Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113-29.
  • Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ, Jen HJ, Kang XL, Kao CC et al. A large-scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2021;30:102-16.
  • Azoulay E, De Waele J, Ferrer R, Staudinger T, Borkowska M, Povoa P, et al; ESICM. Symptoms of burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10:110.
  • Jones Y, Durand V, Morton K, Ottolini M, Shaughnessy E, Spector ND, et al; ADVANCE PHM Steering Committee. Collateral damage: how COVID-19 is adversely impacting women physicians. J Hosp Med. 2020;15:507-9.
  • López-Atanes M, Recio-Barbero M, Sáenz-Herrero M. Are women still "the other"? Gendered mental health interventions for health care workers in Spain during COVID-19. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12:S243-4.
  • Ryan NE, El Ayadi AM. A call for a gender-responsive, intersectional approach to address COVID-19. Glob Public Health. 2020;15:1404-12.
  • Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443.
  • Kütükçü E, Kocataş S. Bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri ve sigara içme durumları arasındaki ilişki. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi1. 2019;84-102.
  • Hoşgör DG, Tanyel TÇ, Cin S, Demirsoy SB. COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik: istanbul ili örneği. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;8:372-386.
  • Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L, Marina S, Ribeiro C, Jácome C et al. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1885.
  • Lauri Korajlija A, Jokic-Begic N. COVID-19: Concerns and behaviours in Croatia. Br J Health Psychol. 2020;25:849–55.
  • Yılbaş B. Psychiatric evaluation of individuals treated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 following recovery period (tur). J Clin Psy. 2021;24:239-245.
  • Filippi M, Canu E. Covid-19 leads to cognitive, behavioural problems in patients: Study 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology. June 19-22, 2021. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/722178.
  • Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:130-40.
  • Rotter JB. Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1954.
  • Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Capuano E, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, et al. Factors related to nurses' burnout during the first wave of coronavirus disease-19 in a university hospital in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:5051.
  • Türkili S, Uysal Y, Tot Ş, Mert E. Aile hekimlerinde korona virüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı ve tükenmişlik durumlarının incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;15:348-356.
  • Giusti EM, Pedroli E, D'Aniello GE, Stramba Badiale C, Pietrabissa G, Manna C, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1684.
  • Abdelhafiz AS, Ali A, Ziady HH, Maaly AM, Alorabi M, Sultan EA. Prevalence, associated factors, and consequences of burnout among Egyptian Physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2020;8:590190.
  • Sayıl I, Haran S, Ölmez Ş, Özgüven H. Ankara Üniversitesi hastanelerinde çalışan doktor ve hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri. Kriz Dergisi. 1997;5:71-7.
  • Lemaire JB, Wallace JE. Burnout among doctors. BMJ. 2017;358:j3360.
  • Vitale E, Casolaro S. Anxiety, burnout and depression levels according to sex and years of work experience in Italian nurses engaged in the care of COVID-19 patients. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2021;21:83-96.

COVID-19 pandemic and burnout: factors associated with burnout levels among healthcare workers

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2, 669 - 678, 02.07.2023
https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.1273743

Öz

Purpose: This study investigated the psychosocial and demographic factors influencing burnout levels among healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on a total of 418 healthcare workers from Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Balcalı Hospital in Turkey. While the participants were selected randomly, a personal information form consisting of 33 open- and close-ended questions, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Maslach Burnout Scale and the Beck Burnout were applied.
Results: They were 418 healthcare workers aged 19-63 (mean= 35.51±9.38), 284 of whom were 61.8% female, 132 (31.7%) of whom were male, and 2 (0.5%) of whom refused to specify their gender. The study found that emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores were significantly positively correlated with COVID-19 anxiety scores and Beck anxiety scores in healthcare workers, while personal accomplishment scores were significantly negatively correlated with these variables. The study also revealed that COVID-19 anxiety, Beck anxiety, being female, being young, being unmarried, having children, being diagnosed with COVID-19, having a chronic illness, and working more hours per week were all contributing factors to burnout.
Conclusion: Both during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is very important to provide various forms of psychological support and make arrangements to address factors that can impact the burnout of healthcare professionals.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020.
  • akut E, Kuru Ö, Güngör Y. Sağlık personelinin covid-19 korkusu ile tükenmişliği arasındaki ilişkide aşırı iş yükü ve algılanan sosyal desteğin etkisinin yapısal eşitlik modeliyle belirlenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi. 2020;83:241-62.
  • Günüşen N, Üstün B. Türkiye'de ikinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerinde çalışan hemşire ve hekimlerde tükenmişlik: Literatür incelemesi. DEUHYO ED. 2010;3:40-51.
  • Tang C, Liu C, Fang P, Xiang Y, Min R. Work-related accumulated fatigue among doctors in tertiary hospitals: a cross-sectional survey in six provinces of China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:3049.
  • Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, et al. A comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60:60-5.
  • Moazzami B, Razavi-Khorasani N, Dooghaie Moghadam A, Farokhi E, Rezaei N. COVID-19 and telemedicine: Immediate action required for maintaining healthcare providers well-being. J Clin Virol. 2020;126:104345.
  • World Health Organization. (‎2020)‎. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331490.
  • Duan X, Ni X, Shi L, Zhang L, Ye Y, Mu H, et al. The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17:93.
  • Burke RJ, Greenglass ER. Hospital restructuring, work-family conflict and psychological burnout among nursing staff. Psychol Health. 2001;16:583-94.
  • Chirico F, Nucera G, Magnavita N. Protecting the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 emergency. BJPsych Int. 2020;1–2.
  • Lisi L, Ciaffi J, Bruni A, Mancarella L, Brusi V, Gramegna P, et al. Levels and factors associated with resilience in italian healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based survey. Behav Sci (Basel). 2020;10:183.
  • Badrfam R, Zandifar A, Arbabi M. Mental health of medical workers in COVID-19 pandemic: restrictions and barriers. J Res Health Sci. 2020;20:e00481.
  • Yumru M. Covid-19 ve sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2020;23:5-6.
  • Maslach C, Zimbardo PG. Burnout: The Cost of Caring Prentice-Hall. Nueva York, 1982.
  • Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. J Occup Behav. 1981;2:99-113.
  • World Health Organization. Burnout an “Occupational Phenomenon”: International Classification of Diseases. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland: 2019.
  • Kansoun Z, Boyer L, Hodgkinson M, Villes V, Lançon C, Fond G. Burnout in French physicians: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:132-47.
  • Sümbüloğlu K, Sümbüloğlu V. Biyoistatistik. 17. Baskı. Ankara Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, 2016.
  • Lee SA. Coronavirus Anxiety Scale: A brief mental health screener for COVID-19 related anxiety. Death Stud. 2020;44:393-401.
  • Biçer İ, Çakmak C, Demir H, Kurt ME. Koronavirüs Anksiyete Ölçeği Kısa Formu: Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences. 2020;25:216-25.
  • Ergin C. (1992). Doktor ve hemşirelerde tükenmişlik ve Maslach Tükenmşlik Ölçeğinin uyarlanması, VII. Ulusal Psikoloji Kongresi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inven tory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988;56:893-7.
  • Ulusoy M, Şahin N, Erkman H. Turkish version of The Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric Properties. J Cognit Psychother. 1998;12:28-35.
  • Sengul H, Cinar F, Bulut A. The perception of queen bee phenomenon in nurses; qualitative study in health sector. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22:906-12.
  • Arpacıoğlu, S, Baltalı Z, Ünübol B. COVID-19 pandemisinde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik, Covid korkusu, depresyon, mesleki doyum düzeyleri ve ilişkili faktörler. Cukurova Med J. 2021;46:88-100.
  • Miguel-Puga JA, Cooper-Bribiesca D, Avelar-Garnica FJ, Sanchez-Hurtado LA, Colin-Martínez T, Espinosa-Poblano E et al. Burnout, depersonalization, and anxiety contribute to post-traumatic stress in frontline health workers at COVID-19 patient care, a follow-up study. Brain Behav. 2021;e02007.
  • Ren SY, Gao RD, Chen YL. Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the corona virus disease 2019 epidemic. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8:652-7.
  • Matsuo T, Kobayashi D, Taki F, Sakamoto F, Uehara Y, Mori N, Fukui T. Prevalence of health care worker burnout during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Japan. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3:e2017271.
  • Marchand A, Blanc M-E, Beauregard N. Do age and gender contribute to workers’ burnout symptoms? Occup Med. 2018;68:405-11.
  • Erol A, Akarca F, Değerli V, Sert E, Delibaş H, Gülpek D ve ark. Acil servis çalışanlarında tükenmişlik ve iş doyumu. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2012;15:103–10.
  • Oğuzberk M, Aydın A. Ruh sağlığı çalışanlarında tükenmişlik. Klinik Psikiyatri. 2008; 11:167–79.
  • Barello S, Palamenghi L, Graffigna G. Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113-29.
  • Chen R, Sun C, Chen JJ, Jen HJ, Kang XL, Kao CC et al. A large-scale survey on trauma, burnout, and posttraumatic growth among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2021;30:102-16.
  • Azoulay E, De Waele J, Ferrer R, Staudinger T, Borkowska M, Povoa P, et al; ESICM. Symptoms of burnout in intensive care unit specialists facing the COVID-19 outbreak. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10:110.
  • Jones Y, Durand V, Morton K, Ottolini M, Shaughnessy E, Spector ND, et al; ADVANCE PHM Steering Committee. Collateral damage: how COVID-19 is adversely impacting women physicians. J Hosp Med. 2020;15:507-9.
  • López-Atanes M, Recio-Barbero M, Sáenz-Herrero M. Are women still "the other"? Gendered mental health interventions for health care workers in Spain during COVID-19. Psychol Trauma. 2020;12:S243-4.
  • Ryan NE, El Ayadi AM. A call for a gender-responsive, intersectional approach to address COVID-19. Glob Public Health. 2020;15:1404-12.
  • Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443.
  • Kütükçü E, Kocataş S. Bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri ve sigara içme durumları arasındaki ilişki. Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi1. 2019;84-102.
  • Hoşgör DG, Tanyel TÇ, Cin S, Demirsoy SB. COVID-19 pandemisi döneminde sağlık çalışanlarında tükenmişlik: istanbul ili örneği. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2021;8:372-386.
  • Duarte I, Teixeira A, Castro L, Marina S, Ribeiro C, Jácome C et al. Burnout among Portuguese healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2020;20:1885.
  • Lauri Korajlija A, Jokic-Begic N. COVID-19: Concerns and behaviours in Croatia. Br J Health Psychol. 2020;25:849–55.
  • Yılbaş B. Psychiatric evaluation of individuals treated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 following recovery period (tur). J Clin Psy. 2021;24:239-245.
  • Filippi M, Canu E. Covid-19 leads to cognitive, behavioural problems in patients: Study 7th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology. June 19-22, 2021. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/722178.
  • Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021;8:130-40.
  • Rotter JB. Social Learning and Clinical Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1954.
  • Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Capuano E, Dobrakowski M, Kasperczyk A, et al. Factors related to nurses' burnout during the first wave of coronavirus disease-19 in a university hospital in Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:5051.
  • Türkili S, Uysal Y, Tot Ş, Mert E. Aile hekimlerinde korona virüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı ve tükenmişlik durumlarının incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021;15:348-356.
  • Giusti EM, Pedroli E, D'Aniello GE, Stramba Badiale C, Pietrabissa G, Manna C, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on health professionals: a cross-sectional study. Front Psychol. 2020;11:1684.
  • Abdelhafiz AS, Ali A, Ziady HH, Maaly AM, Alorabi M, Sultan EA. Prevalence, associated factors, and consequences of burnout among Egyptian Physicians during COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2020;8:590190.
  • Sayıl I, Haran S, Ölmez Ş, Özgüven H. Ankara Üniversitesi hastanelerinde çalışan doktor ve hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri. Kriz Dergisi. 1997;5:71-7.
  • Lemaire JB, Wallace JE. Burnout among doctors. BMJ. 2017;358:j3360.
  • Vitale E, Casolaro S. Anxiety, burnout and depression levels according to sex and years of work experience in Italian nurses engaged in the care of COVID-19 patients. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2021;21:83-96.
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Araştırma
Yazarlar

Nilgün Çukurova 0000-0002-2962-6432

Perihan Çam Ray 0000-0002-6254-6055

Ayten Bölükbaşı 0000-0003-4102-3906

Gonca Çelik 0000-0001-6101-0796

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi 13 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 48 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

MLA Çukurova, Nilgün vd. “COVID-19 Pandemic and Burnout: Factors Associated With Burnout Levels Among Healthcare Workers”. Cukurova Medical Journal, c. 48, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 669-78, doi:10.17826/cumj.1273743.