Araştırma Makalesi
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Wear and Friction Behaviour of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composites and Polyamide-6 Polymer against 30% Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 6 Composite

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 76, 148 - 155, 23.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2024267617

Öz

In this study, the wear and friction behaviors of unfilled poly-amide polymer and short glass fiber (GF) reinforced polyamide composites with different weight ratios (10%-20%-30%) were investigated. Wear tests were carried out under dry conditions against a 30% short glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6+30%GF) composite disc. Glass fiber reinforced PA6 based composites were first produced in granule form in a twin screw extruder and then wear test specimens were molded in an injection molding machine. Wear tests were carried out under 20 N, 30 N and 40 N loads at a sliding speed of 0,5 m/s and sliding distance of 1500 m. The tests were carried out at ambient temperature using a pin-disc wear tester. As a result of the experiments, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the unfilled PA6 polymer increased with the applied load. The coefficient of friction of short GF reinforced PA6 composites also increased, while the wear rate did not increase much. The lowest coefficient of friction and wear rate were obtained in PA6 composite with 30% GF reinforcement. With 30% GF reinforcement of polyamide polymer, the wear resistance of the composite increased by at least 48% compared to the unfilled PA6 polymer.

Kaynakça

  • Kurokawa, M., Yoshitaka, U., Susumu, N. 2000. Tribological Properties and Gear Performance of Polyoxymethylene Composites, Journal of Tribology, Cilt. 122, 809-814.
  • Jun-ichi, N., Tadashi, K., Takahiko, K., Hiroyuki, K. 2009. Tribological Properties of Polymer-Sheet-Adhered Metal Hybrid Gear, Wear, Cilt. 266, 893-897.
  • Mohan Harsha, K., Seetharama Rao, Y., Jagannadha Rao, DVNJ. 2021. Comparison of Wear Behaviour of Polymer Spur Gears Using FDM Process, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1168, 012028.
  • Khalid Abdulkhaliq, M.A. 2019. Wear and Mechanical Contact Behavior of Polymer Gears, Journal of Tribology, Cilt. 141, 1-10.
  • Prashant, K.S., Siddhartha, Akant, K.S. 2017. An Investigation on the Effects of the Various Techniques over the Performance and Durability of Polymer Gears, Materials Today: Proceedings, Cilt. 4, 1606-1614.
  • Masaya, K., Yoshitaka, U., Tomoaki, I., Susumu, N. 2003. Performance of Plastic Gear Made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 12, Wear, Cilt. 254, 468-473.
  • Mohit, J., Santosh, P., Ghosh, S.S. 2019. A Review on Failure Characteristics of Polymeric Gears, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2148, 030057.
  • Dighe, A.D., Mishra, A.K., Wakchaure, V.D. 2014. Investigation of Wear Resistance and Torque Transmission Capacity of Glass Filled Polyamide and PEEK Composite Spur Gears, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Cilt. 3(3), 299-303.
  • Mao, K. 2007. A New Approach for Polymer Composite Gear Design, Wear, Cilt. 262, 432-441.
  • Prashant, K.S., Siddhartha, Akant, K.S. 2018. An investigation on the Thermal and Wear Behavior of Polymer Based Spur Gears, Tribology International, Cilt. 118, 264-272.
  • Mao, K., Langlois, P., Hu, Z., Alharbi, K., Xu, X., Milson, M., Li, W., Hooke, C.J., Chetwynd, D. 2015. The Wear and Thermal Mechanical Contact Behaviour of Machine Cut Polymer Gears, Wear, Cilt. 332-333, 822-826.
  • Li, W., Wood, A., Weidig, R., Mao, K. 2011. An Investigation on the Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Polymer Gear Engagements, Wear, Cilt. 271, 2176-2183.
  • Yelle, H., Poupard, M., 1975. Ultra-High Molecular Weight High-Density Polyethylene as a Gear Material, Polymer Engineering & Science, Cilt. 15, 90-96.
  • Akkurt, S., Erten, M. 1994. Plastik Dişli Çarkların Hesap ve Konstrüksiyon Bakımından İncelenmesi. 6. Uluslararası Makine Tasarım ve İmalat Kongresi, ODTÜ, 453-462.
  • Masaya, K., Yoshitaka, U., Susumu, N. 2000. Performance of Plastic Gear Made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether-Ether-Ketone: Part 2, Tribology International, Cilt. 33, 715-721.
  • Pek, M.A. 2002. Polimerik dişlilerde sonlu elemanlar metodu ile gerilme analizi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Isparta.
  • Takeshi, K., Yasuharu, N., Takanori, K., Gaetan, B., Jean-Christophe, A., Vincent, F., Phillippe, K. 2020. Tribological Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced-PA66 in Contact with Carbon Steel under High Contact Pressure, Sliding and Grease Lubricated Conditions, Wear, Cilt. 456–457, 203383.
  • Mihai Tiberiu, L., Radu, V., Cornel Catalin, G. 2019. Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides, Materials, Cilt. 12(20), 3452.
  • Lates, M.T. 2020. Friction induced heating properties of the polyamide/steel type contacts, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Cilt. 898, 012004.
  • Myron, C., Antoni S., Anatoliy, K., Alina, Y. 2023. Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Functional Composite Polymeric Materials and Durability of Metal-Polymer Bearings, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Cilt. 17(2), 258-267.
  • Kian, B., Pixiang, L., Andreas, A.P. 2019. Tribological Performance Improvement of Polyamide against Steel Using Polymer Coating, Tribology Transactions, Cilt. 62(3), 1-11.
  • https://www.stagnoligears.com/en/motor-gears/glass-fibre-reinforced-polyamide-6-moulding/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • https://backyardbandit.com/products/aleko-fiberglass-reinforced-nylon-gear-rack-with-metal-insert-3-3-feet-1ngrack33-ap (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • https://www.rct-online.de/en/fasteners/nuts/30424/knurled-nut-with-knurl-made-of-pa-glass-fibre-reinforced (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • Friedrich, K. 1989. Sliding wear performance of different polyimide formulations, Tribology international, Cilt. 22(1), 25-31.
  • Autay, R., Missaoui, S., Mars, J., Dammak, F. 2019. Mechanical and Tribological Study of Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced PA 66, Polymers and Polymer Composites, cilt. 27(9), 587-596.
  • Li, D.X., Xie, Y., Li, W.J., Yilan, Y., Xin, D. 2013. Tribological and Mechanical Behaviors of Polyamide 6/Glass Fiber Composite Filled with Various Solid Lubricants,The Scientific World Journal, Cilt. 2013, 320837.
  • Li, J., Xia Y.C. 2010. The Influence of Carbon Fiber Content on the Tribological Properties of PA6 Composites, Journal of Reınforced Plastıcs and Composıtes, Cilt. 29(5), 771-778.
  • Yi-Lan, Y., Du-Xin, L., Gao-Jie, S., Ruo-Yun, L., Xin, D. 2016. Improvement in the tribological properties of polyamide 6: Talc, glass fiber, graphite, and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Cilt. 29(4), 494-507.
  • Carmona-Cervantes, I.A, Paredes-Mogica, E.A., Lopez-Cabrera, H.R., Figueroa-Lopez, U., Vieyra-Ruíz, H., Guevara-Morales, A. 2022. Tribological behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyamide (PA-GF) and recycled polyvinyl butyral (r-PVB) blends, Materials Letters, Cilt. 319, 132261.
  • Chen, Y.K., Modi, O.P., Mhay, A.S., Chrysanthou, A., O’Sullivan, J.M. 2003. The effect of different metallic counterface materials and different surface treatments on the wear and friction of polyamide 66 and its composite in rolling-sliding contact, Wear, Cilt. 255, 714-721.
  • Unal H., Mimaroglu A., Kadıoglu U., Ekiz H. 2004. Sliding friction and wear behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene and its composites under dry conditions, Materials&Design, Cilt. 25, 239-245.
  • Unal H., Kaya A.U., Esmer K., Mimaroglu A., Poyraz B. 2016. Influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological behavior of a polyamide 6/graphite composite, J. of Polymer Engineering, Cilt. 36, Sayı 3, 279-286.

Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 76, 148 - 155, 23.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2024267617

Öz

Bu çalışmada, katkısız poli-amit polimeri ile ağırlık olarak farklı oranlarda (%10-%20-%30) kısa cam elyaf (CE) takviyeli poli-amit kompozitlerin aşınma ve sürtünme davranışları incelenmiştir. Aşınma deneyleri %30 kısa cam elyaf takviyeli poli-amit 6 (PA6+%30CE) kompozit diske karşı kuru ortam şartları altında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Cam elyaf takviyeli PA6 esaslı kompozitler önce ikiz vidalı bir ekstruderde granül formunda üretilmiş ardından enjeksiyon makinasında aşınma test numuneleri basılmıştır. Aşınma testleri 0,5 m/s kayma hızı, 20-30-40 N yükte ve 1500 m kayma mesafesinde yapılmıştır. Deneyler, pim-disk aşınma test cihazı kullanılarak ortam sıcaklığında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda, katkısız PA6 polimerinin sürtünme katsayısı ve aşınma oranı uygulanan yük ile artış göstermiştir. Kısa CE takviyeli PA6 kompozitlerin sürtünme katsayısı da artarken aşınma oranında ise pek artış gözlenmemiştir. En düşük sürtünme katsayısı ve aşınma oranı %30 CE takviyeli PA6 kompozitinde elde edilmiştir. PA6 polimerine %30 oranında CE takviyesi ile kompozitin aşınma direnci katkısız PA6 polimerine göre en az %48 oranında artmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Kurokawa, M., Yoshitaka, U., Susumu, N. 2000. Tribological Properties and Gear Performance of Polyoxymethylene Composites, Journal of Tribology, Cilt. 122, 809-814.
  • Jun-ichi, N., Tadashi, K., Takahiko, K., Hiroyuki, K. 2009. Tribological Properties of Polymer-Sheet-Adhered Metal Hybrid Gear, Wear, Cilt. 266, 893-897.
  • Mohan Harsha, K., Seetharama Rao, Y., Jagannadha Rao, DVNJ. 2021. Comparison of Wear Behaviour of Polymer Spur Gears Using FDM Process, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1168, 012028.
  • Khalid Abdulkhaliq, M.A. 2019. Wear and Mechanical Contact Behavior of Polymer Gears, Journal of Tribology, Cilt. 141, 1-10.
  • Prashant, K.S., Siddhartha, Akant, K.S. 2017. An Investigation on the Effects of the Various Techniques over the Performance and Durability of Polymer Gears, Materials Today: Proceedings, Cilt. 4, 1606-1614.
  • Masaya, K., Yoshitaka, U., Tomoaki, I., Susumu, N. 2003. Performance of Plastic Gear Made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide 12, Wear, Cilt. 254, 468-473.
  • Mohit, J., Santosh, P., Ghosh, S.S. 2019. A Review on Failure Characteristics of Polymeric Gears, AIP Conference Proceedings, 2148, 030057.
  • Dighe, A.D., Mishra, A.K., Wakchaure, V.D. 2014. Investigation of Wear Resistance and Torque Transmission Capacity of Glass Filled Polyamide and PEEK Composite Spur Gears, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), Cilt. 3(3), 299-303.
  • Mao, K. 2007. A New Approach for Polymer Composite Gear Design, Wear, Cilt. 262, 432-441.
  • Prashant, K.S., Siddhartha, Akant, K.S. 2018. An investigation on the Thermal and Wear Behavior of Polymer Based Spur Gears, Tribology International, Cilt. 118, 264-272.
  • Mao, K., Langlois, P., Hu, Z., Alharbi, K., Xu, X., Milson, M., Li, W., Hooke, C.J., Chetwynd, D. 2015. The Wear and Thermal Mechanical Contact Behaviour of Machine Cut Polymer Gears, Wear, Cilt. 332-333, 822-826.
  • Li, W., Wood, A., Weidig, R., Mao, K. 2011. An Investigation on the Wear Behaviour of Dissimilar Polymer Gear Engagements, Wear, Cilt. 271, 2176-2183.
  • Yelle, H., Poupard, M., 1975. Ultra-High Molecular Weight High-Density Polyethylene as a Gear Material, Polymer Engineering & Science, Cilt. 15, 90-96.
  • Akkurt, S., Erten, M. 1994. Plastik Dişli Çarkların Hesap ve Konstrüksiyon Bakımından İncelenmesi. 6. Uluslararası Makine Tasarım ve İmalat Kongresi, ODTÜ, 453-462.
  • Masaya, K., Yoshitaka, U., Susumu, N. 2000. Performance of Plastic Gear Made of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyether-Ether-Ketone: Part 2, Tribology International, Cilt. 33, 715-721.
  • Pek, M.A. 2002. Polimerik dişlilerde sonlu elemanlar metodu ile gerilme analizi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora tezi, Isparta.
  • Takeshi, K., Yasuharu, N., Takanori, K., Gaetan, B., Jean-Christophe, A., Vincent, F., Phillippe, K. 2020. Tribological Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced-PA66 in Contact with Carbon Steel under High Contact Pressure, Sliding and Grease Lubricated Conditions, Wear, Cilt. 456–457, 203383.
  • Mihai Tiberiu, L., Radu, V., Cornel Catalin, G. 2019. Temperature, Pressure, and Velocity Influence on the Tribological Properties of PA66 and PA46 Polyamides, Materials, Cilt. 12(20), 3452.
  • Lates, M.T. 2020. Friction induced heating properties of the polyamide/steel type contacts, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Cilt. 898, 012004.
  • Myron, C., Antoni S., Anatoliy, K., Alina, Y. 2023. Evaluation of Wear Resistance of Functional Composite Polymeric Materials and Durability of Metal-Polymer Bearings, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Cilt. 17(2), 258-267.
  • Kian, B., Pixiang, L., Andreas, A.P. 2019. Tribological Performance Improvement of Polyamide against Steel Using Polymer Coating, Tribology Transactions, Cilt. 62(3), 1-11.
  • https://www.stagnoligears.com/en/motor-gears/glass-fibre-reinforced-polyamide-6-moulding/ (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • https://backyardbandit.com/products/aleko-fiberglass-reinforced-nylon-gear-rack-with-metal-insert-3-3-feet-1ngrack33-ap (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • https://www.rct-online.de/en/fasteners/nuts/30424/knurled-nut-with-knurl-made-of-pa-glass-fibre-reinforced (Erişim Tarihi: 11.05.2023)
  • Friedrich, K. 1989. Sliding wear performance of different polyimide formulations, Tribology international, Cilt. 22(1), 25-31.
  • Autay, R., Missaoui, S., Mars, J., Dammak, F. 2019. Mechanical and Tribological Study of Short Glass Fiber-Reinforced PA 66, Polymers and Polymer Composites, cilt. 27(9), 587-596.
  • Li, D.X., Xie, Y., Li, W.J., Yilan, Y., Xin, D. 2013. Tribological and Mechanical Behaviors of Polyamide 6/Glass Fiber Composite Filled with Various Solid Lubricants,The Scientific World Journal, Cilt. 2013, 320837.
  • Li, J., Xia Y.C. 2010. The Influence of Carbon Fiber Content on the Tribological Properties of PA6 Composites, Journal of Reınforced Plastıcs and Composıtes, Cilt. 29(5), 771-778.
  • Yi-Lan, Y., Du-Xin, L., Gao-Jie, S., Ruo-Yun, L., Xin, D. 2016. Improvement in the tribological properties of polyamide 6: Talc, glass fiber, graphite, and ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene, Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Cilt. 29(4), 494-507.
  • Carmona-Cervantes, I.A, Paredes-Mogica, E.A., Lopez-Cabrera, H.R., Figueroa-Lopez, U., Vieyra-Ruíz, H., Guevara-Morales, A. 2022. Tribological behavior of glass fiber reinforced polyamide (PA-GF) and recycled polyvinyl butyral (r-PVB) blends, Materials Letters, Cilt. 319, 132261.
  • Chen, Y.K., Modi, O.P., Mhay, A.S., Chrysanthou, A., O’Sullivan, J.M. 2003. The effect of different metallic counterface materials and different surface treatments on the wear and friction of polyamide 66 and its composite in rolling-sliding contact, Wear, Cilt. 255, 714-721.
  • Unal H., Mimaroglu A., Kadıoglu U., Ekiz H. 2004. Sliding friction and wear behavior of Polytetrafluoroethylene and its composites under dry conditions, Materials&Design, Cilt. 25, 239-245.
  • Unal H., Kaya A.U., Esmer K., Mimaroglu A., Poyraz B. 2016. Influence of wax content on the electrical, thermal and tribological behavior of a polyamide 6/graphite composite, J. of Polymer Engineering, Cilt. 36, Sayı 3, 279-286.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Cam
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tacettin Saylan 0009-0000-9936-643X

Hüseyin Ünal 0000-0003-0521-6647

Salih Hakan Yetgin 0000-0002-6068-9204

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 23 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 26 Sayı: 76

Kaynak Göster

APA Saylan, T., Ünal, H., & Yetgin, S. H. (2024). Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 26(76), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2024267617
AMA Saylan T, Ünal H, Yetgin SH. Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları. DEUFMD. Ocak 2024;26(76):148-155. doi:10.21205/deufmd.2024267617
Chicago Saylan, Tacettin, Hüseyin Ünal, ve Salih Hakan Yetgin. “Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitler Ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma Ve Sürtünme Davranışları”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi 26, sy. 76 (Ocak 2024): 148-55. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2024267617.
EndNote Saylan T, Ünal H, Yetgin SH (01 Ocak 2024) Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 26 76 148–155.
IEEE T. Saylan, H. Ünal, ve S. H. Yetgin, “Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları”, DEUFMD, c. 26, sy. 76, ss. 148–155, 2024, doi: 10.21205/deufmd.2024267617.
ISNAD Saylan, Tacettin vd. “Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitler Ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma Ve Sürtünme Davranışları”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 26/76 (Ocak 2024), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.21205/deufmd.2024267617.
JAMA Saylan T, Ünal H, Yetgin SH. Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları. DEUFMD. 2024;26:148–155.
MLA Saylan, Tacettin vd. “Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitler Ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-Amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma Ve Sürtünme Davranışları”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi, c. 26, sy. 76, 2024, ss. 148-55, doi:10.21205/deufmd.2024267617.
Vancouver Saylan T, Ünal H, Yetgin SH. Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitler ile Poliamit-6 Polimerinin %30 Cam Elyaf Takviyeli Poli-amit 6 Kompozitine Karşı Aşınma ve Sürtünme Davranışları. DEUFMD. 2024;26(76):148-55.

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi Dekanlığı Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi, Adatepe Mah. Doğuş Cad. No: 207-I / 35390 Buca-İZMİR.