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Kant’ın Siyaset Felsefesinde Toplum Sözleşmesinin Rolü

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 21, 53 - 65, 06.06.2022

Öz

Kant’ın orijinal sözleşme ya da toplum sözleşmesi konusundaki görüşlerinin çağdaş siyaset felsefesi literatüründe neredeyse göz ardı edildiği düşünülebilir. Oysa Kant’ın bu konudaki görüşlerinde kendine özgü ve takdir edilebilecek pek çok unsur vardır. Örneğin, orijinal sözleşmenin, tarihsel bir olaydan ziyade aklın bir idesi olması, Kant’ın literatüre katkısı olarak ele alınabilir. Üstelik, Kant’a göre toplum sözleşmesine gösterilen rızanın temelinde, doğa durumunda yalnızca geçici olabilen mülkiyet haklarının bir toplum sözleşmesi altında kurumsallaşarak kesin bir hükme bağlanmasını gerekli kılan bir ahlâkî yükümlülük bulunur. Kant’ın toplum sözleşmesiyle ilgili görüşlerinin Hobbes’un ve Locke’unkilerden ayrılabileceği pek çok yön olsa da, Kant’ın siyaset felsefesinin Hobbes’la başlayıp Locke ve Rousseau tarafından geliştirilen toplum sözleşmesi geleneğinin bir parçası olduğu iddia edilir. Bu iddiaya katılmak hatalı olur; çünkü Kant her zaman ideal bir devletin, ya da hakikî bir cumhuriyetin toplum sözleşmesi idesiyle uyumlu olması gerektiğine işaret etmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Baynes, K. (1989). Kant on property rights and the social contract. The Monist, 72(3), 433-453.
  • Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. (1995). The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls. Routledge
  • Cassirer, E. (2007) Kant’ın Yaşamı ve Öğretisi, Turkish trans. Doğan Özlem, İstanbul: İnkılap (3rd Edition)
  • Ebels‐Duggan, K. (2012). Kant’s political philosophy. Philosophy Compass, 7(12), 896-909.
  • Kant, I. (1900). Dreams of a spirit-seer (Vol. 13). Books on Demand.
  • Kant, I. (1991): On the Common Saying ʻThis May be True in Theory, but it does not Apply in Practiceʼ. In: H.S. Reiss (ed.): Kant: Political writings, 2nd ed., trans. by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.61–92
  • Kant, I. (1992). The Conflict of the Faculties. University of Nebraska Press, 901 N. 17th St., Lincoln, NE 68588-0520.
  • Kant, I. (1992a). Grounding for The Metaphysics Of Morals. In Classics Of Moral And Political Theory, ed. Michael L. Morgan, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. (pp. 991-1041).
  • Kant, I., & Blaug, R. (2016). 15. On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory but it Does not Apply in Practice’. In Democracy (pp. 102-107). Columbia University Press.
  • Kant, I. (2017). The Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kitcher, P. (2001). Immanuel Kant. In The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers: From Descartes to Nietzsche (Ed. Steven M. Emmanuel), UK: Blackwell
  • Kymlicka, W. (2001). The Social Contract Tradition. In A Companion to Ethics, ed. Peter Singer, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Co. (pp. 186-196).
  • Lowe, C.Y. (2012). Kant’s social contract: a new transcendental principle in political philosophy. Kant Yearbook, 4(1), 91-112.
  • Murphy, J.G. (1978). Hume and Kant on the social contract. Philosophical Studies, 33 (1), 65-79.
  • O’Neill, O. (2021). Kant and the Social Contract Tradition. In Kant’s Political Theory (pp. 25-41). Penn State University Press.
  • Rauscher, F. (2021). Kant’s Social and Political Philosophy. In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/kant-social-political/>.
  • Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice, Harvard Press, Cambridge.
  • Richardson, J. (2017). Feminist engagements with social contract theory. In the Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy (Ed. Garry, A., Khader, S.J., and Stone, A.). Routledge
  • Riley, P. (2013). Will and Political Legitimacy. Harvard University Press.
  • Riley, P. (2013). Kant as the Most Adequate of the Social Contract Theorists. In Will and Political Legitimacy. Harvard University Press.
  • S̩enol, H.F. (2016). Liberty and equality: Mutually exclusives?. Ethos: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences, 9(1).
  • Walla, A.P. (2018). Private Property and the Possibility of Consent: Kant and Social Contract Theory.
  • Williams, H. (2003). Kant on the social contract. In the Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls (pp. 145-158). Routledge.
  • Williams, D. (2007). Ideas and actuality in the social contract: Kant and Rousseau. History of Political Thought, 28(3), 469-495.

The Role of Social Contract in Kant’s Political Philosophy

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 21, 53 - 65, 06.06.2022

Öz

Kant’s views on original contract or social contract seems to be underestimated in the current literature on political philosophy. But, there is a lot to appreciate in his thoughts on this issue. For instance, the original contract being an idea of reason rather than of a historical event, could be considered as Kant’s contribution. Moreover, for Kant, consent to the social contract depends on a moral obligation to institutionalize and make peremptory in a social contract property rights that in the state of nature have only a provisional character. There are aspects which help us purify Kant’s views on social contract from the ideas of Hobbes and Locke; however, his political philosophy is most often claimed to be a part of the social contract tradition which began with Hobbes, and was improved by Locke and Rousseau. We would not be mistaken if we disagree with this claim, since Kant has always noted that an ideal state, or a true republic, must conform to the Idea of the social contract.

Kaynakça

  • Baynes, K. (1989). Kant on property rights and the social contract. The Monist, 72(3), 433-453.
  • Boucher, D. and Kelly, P. (1995). The Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls. Routledge
  • Cassirer, E. (2007) Kant’ın Yaşamı ve Öğretisi, Turkish trans. Doğan Özlem, İstanbul: İnkılap (3rd Edition)
  • Ebels‐Duggan, K. (2012). Kant’s political philosophy. Philosophy Compass, 7(12), 896-909.
  • Kant, I. (1900). Dreams of a spirit-seer (Vol. 13). Books on Demand.
  • Kant, I. (1991): On the Common Saying ʻThis May be True in Theory, but it does not Apply in Practiceʼ. In: H.S. Reiss (ed.): Kant: Political writings, 2nd ed., trans. by H. B. Nisbet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp.61–92
  • Kant, I. (1992). The Conflict of the Faculties. University of Nebraska Press, 901 N. 17th St., Lincoln, NE 68588-0520.
  • Kant, I. (1992a). Grounding for The Metaphysics Of Morals. In Classics Of Moral And Political Theory, ed. Michael L. Morgan, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co. (pp. 991-1041).
  • Kant, I., & Blaug, R. (2016). 15. On the Common Saying: ‘This May Be True in Theory but it Does not Apply in Practice’. In Democracy (pp. 102-107). Columbia University Press.
  • Kant, I. (2017). The Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kitcher, P. (2001). Immanuel Kant. In The Blackwell Guide to the Modern Philosophers: From Descartes to Nietzsche (Ed. Steven M. Emmanuel), UK: Blackwell
  • Kymlicka, W. (2001). The Social Contract Tradition. In A Companion to Ethics, ed. Peter Singer, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Co. (pp. 186-196).
  • Lowe, C.Y. (2012). Kant’s social contract: a new transcendental principle in political philosophy. Kant Yearbook, 4(1), 91-112.
  • Murphy, J.G. (1978). Hume and Kant on the social contract. Philosophical Studies, 33 (1), 65-79.
  • O’Neill, O. (2021). Kant and the Social Contract Tradition. In Kant’s Political Theory (pp. 25-41). Penn State University Press.
  • Rauscher, F. (2021). Kant’s Social and Political Philosophy. In the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL= <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2021/entries/kant-social-political/>.
  • Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice, Harvard Press, Cambridge.
  • Richardson, J. (2017). Feminist engagements with social contract theory. In the Routledge Companion to Feminist Philosophy (Ed. Garry, A., Khader, S.J., and Stone, A.). Routledge
  • Riley, P. (2013). Will and Political Legitimacy. Harvard University Press.
  • Riley, P. (2013). Kant as the Most Adequate of the Social Contract Theorists. In Will and Political Legitimacy. Harvard University Press.
  • S̩enol, H.F. (2016). Liberty and equality: Mutually exclusives?. Ethos: Dialogues in Philosophy and Social Sciences, 9(1).
  • Walla, A.P. (2018). Private Property and the Possibility of Consent: Kant and Social Contract Theory.
  • Williams, H. (2003). Kant on the social contract. In the Social Contract from Hobbes to Rawls (pp. 145-158). Routledge.
  • Williams, D. (2007). Ideas and actuality in the social contract: Kant and Rousseau. History of Political Thought, 28(3), 469-495.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Felsefe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Fırat Şenol 0000-0002-6024-9073

Ahmet Emre Demirci 0000-0002-8214-2680

Yayımlanma Tarihi 6 Haziran 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 21

Kaynak Göster

APA Şenol, H. F., & Demirci, A. E. (2022). The Role of Social Contract in Kant’s Political Philosophy. Dört Öge(21), 53-65.