Sıcak Yırtılmanın Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Metal Kalitesine Etkisinin İncelenmesi ve Alaşımların Titreşim Karakteristiğinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 1186 - 1200, 31.07.2022

Engin Tan Derya Dıspınar Ali Tekin Güner Gökmen Atlıhan

https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.1013025

Öz

Alüminyum alaşımlarının döküm yoluyla üretilmesindeki önemli kusurlardan birisi sıcak yırtılmadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı özelliklere sahip 1050 ve 5083 döküm alaşımlarının sıcak yırtılmaları araştırılmış ve sıcak yırtılmaya neden olan tasarım parametreleri ile döküm koşulları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca sıcak yırtılmanın metalografik ve mekanik özellikler üzerindeki etkileri de araştırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, Vakum Altında Katılaşma Testi (VAKT) ile bifilm indeks ölçümleri gerçekleştirilerek sıcak yırtılmanın metal kalitesi üzerindeki etkileri, döküm alaşımlarının yapısındaki porozitelerin varlığına bağlı olarak incelenmiştir. Son olarak, döküm alaşımlarının doğal frekans analizleri ve titreşim testleri yapılmış, serbest titreşim ve burkulma karakteristikleri farklı sınır koşulları altında ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sıcak yırtılma, Alüminyum alaşımı, Bifilm, Metal kalitesi, Titreşim

Destekleyen Kurum

Pamukkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

2013BSP002

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Pamukkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje no: 2013BSP002).

Investigation of the Effect of Hot Tearing on the Metal Quality of Aluminum Alloys and Determination of the Vibration Characteristics of Alloys

Öz

One of the major defects in the production of aluminum alloys by casting is hot tearing. In this study, hot tearing of 1050 and 5083 casting alloys with different properties were investigated and the design parameters and casting conditions caused hot tearing were determined. In addition, the effects of hot tearing on metallographic and mechanical properties were also investigated. In addition, the effects of hot tear on metal quality were investigated depending on the presence of porosities in the structure of the casting alloys by performing bifilm index measurements with the RPT method. Finally, natural frequency analyzes and vibration tests of casting alloys were carried out, and free vibration and buckling characteristics were investigated separately under different boundary conditions. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hot tearing, Aluminum alloy, Bifilm, Metal quality, Vibration

Proje Numarası

2013BSP002

Kaynakça

• [1]G. A., Georgiou, “Non-destructive testing and evaluation of metals,” Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 76-102, 2009.
• [2]J. Campbell and R. A., Harding, “Solidification Defects in Castings,” TALAT (Training in Aluminium Application Technologies), Lecture 3207, European Aluminium Association, Brussels, 1994.
• [3]M. Uludağ, “Al-Si Alaşımlarında Bifilmlerin Sıcak Yırtılmaya Etkisi,” Doktora Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya, 2016.
• [4]N. Hatami, R. Babaei, M. Dadashzadeh and P. Davami, “Modeling of Hot Tearing Formation During Solidification,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 205, no. 1–3, pp. 506-513, 2008.
• [5]J. Campbell, “Casting,” Butterworth Heinemann, 2nd Edition., UK, 2003.
• [6]A.M. Nabawy, A.M. Samuel, F.H. Samuel and H.W. Doty, “Influence of Additions of Zr, Ti–B, Sr, and Si As Well As of Mold Temperature on the Hot-Tearing Susceptibility of an Experimental Al–2% Cu–1% Si Alloy,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 4146-4158, 2012.
• [7]A. R. E. Singer and P. H. Jennings, “Hot-Shortness of Some Aluminium-Iron-Silicon Alloys of High Purity,” Journal of the Institute of Metals, vol. 73, pp. 273–284, 1947.
• [8]D. Warrington and D.G. McCartney, “Development of a New Hot-Cracking Test for Aluminium Alloys,” Cast Metals, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 134–143, 1989.
• [9]T. W. Clyne and G. J.Davies, "A Quantitive Solidification Test for Casting and an Evaluation of Cracking in Aluminium-Magnesium Alloys," The British Foundrymen, vol. 68, pp. 238-244, 1975.
• [10]G. Cao and S. Kou, “Hot Tearing of Ternary Mg−Al−Ca Alloy Castings,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 37, pp. 3647–3663, 2006.
• [11]M. Pokorny, C.Monroe, C. Beckermann, L. Bichler and C. Ravindran, “Prediction of Hot Tear Formation in a Magnesium Alloy Permanent Mold Casting,” International Journal of Metalcasting, vol. 2, pp. 41–53, 2008.
• [12]S. Li, “Hot Tearing in Cast Aluminum Alloys: Measures and Effects of Process Variables,” Phd Thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 2010.
• [13]M. Easton, H. Wang, J. Grandfield, C. Davidson, D. StJohn, L. Sweet and M. Couper, “Observation and Prediction of the Hot Tear Susceptibility of Ternary Al-Si-Mg alloys,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 3227-3238, 2012.
• [14]D. G. Eskin, Suyitno Kool, W. H. and Katgerman, L., “Mechanical Properties in the Semi-Solid State and Hot Tearing of Aluminium Alloys,” Progress in Materials Science, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 629-711, 2004.
• [15]Ç. Yüksel, “Weibull Analysis of Fluidity and Hardness of Ultrasonically Degassed Secondary Al7Si0.3Mg Aluminum Alloy,” China Foundry, vol. 16, pp. 352–357, 2019.
• [16]M.C. Flemings, “Solidification Processing,” Metall. Trans., vol.5, pp. 2121-2134, 1974.
• [17] W. Kurz and D.J. Fisher, “Fundamentals of Solidification,” Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 1998.
• [18]E. Tan, “Alüminyum Alaşımlarında Blister Oluşumu,” Doktora Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Denizli, 2011.
• [19]D. Dispinar, “Determination of Metal Quality of Aluminium and Its Alloys,” PhD Thesis, The University of Birmingham, School of Metallurgy and Materials, England, 2005.
• [20]D. Dispinar and J. Campbell, “Critical Assessment of Reduced Pressure Test. Part 1: Porosity Phenomena,” International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 17, pp. 280-286, 2004.
• [21]D. Dispinar and J. Campbell, “Critical Assessment of Reduced Pressure Test. Part 2: Quantification,” International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 17, pp.. 287-294, 2004.
• [22]H. Rosenthal and S. Lipson, “Measurement of Gas in Molten Aluminum,” AFS Transactions, vol. 63, pp. 301-305, 1955.
• [23]D. Dispinar and J. Campbell, “Use of Bifilm iIdex as an Assessment of Liquid Metal Quality,” International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 5-17, 2006.
• [24]A. Yorulmaz, Ç. Yüksel, E. Erzi and D. Dışpınar, “Effects of Casting Conditions on End Product Defects in Direct Chill Casted Hot Rolling Ingots”. In: Tiryakioǧlu M., Jolly M., Byczynski G. (eds) Shape Casting: 6th International Symposium. Springer, Cham., pp. 185-193, 2016.
• [25]F. Tezer, Ö. Gürsoy, E. Erzi, M. Zorağa and D. Dışpınar, “Determination of Liquid Metal Quality with Deep Etching Method,” TMS 2019 Annual Meeting & Exhibition, San Antonio, United States of America, pp.73-84, 2019.
• [26]Z. Yao, G.Y. Kim, L. A. Faidley, Q. Zou, D. Mei and Z. Chen, “Effects of Superimposed High-Frequency Vibration on Deformation of Aluminum in Micro/Meso-Scale Upsetting,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 212, pp. 640– 646, 2012.
• [27]S. Wu, L. Xie, J. Zhao and H. Nakae, , “Formation of Non-Dendritic Microstructure of Semi-Solid Aluminum Alloy Under Vibration,” Scripta Materialia, vol. 58, pp. 556–559, 2008.
• [28]K. Marynowski, “Fractional Rheological Model of a Metal Alloy in the Study Vibrations of an Axially Moving Aluminum Beam in Thermal Environment,” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, vol. 174, 105458, 2020.
• [29]J. Sakamoto and T. Shibutani, “Analysis of Fatigue Damage of Aluminium Alloy Under Multiaxial Random Vibration,” Procedia Structural Integrity, vol. 13, pp. 529-534, 2018.
• [30]H. Hu, Y. Li, T. Suo, F. Zhao, Y. Miao, P. Xue and Q. Deng, ”Fatigue Behavior of Aluminum Stiffened Plate Subjected to Random Vibration Loading,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 24, pp. 1331−1336, 2014.
• [31]S. Evran, “Eksenel Yönde Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş Kısa Kirişlerin Burkulma ve Serbest Titreşim Analizi,” Doktora Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2015.
• [32]G. Atlıhan, “Süreksizlik Bölgesine Sahip Tabakalı Kompozit Kirişlerin Titreşim Analizi,” Doktora Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2010.
• [33]S. R. Li and L. L. Fan, "Free Vibration of FGM Timoshenko Beams With Through-Width Delamination," Science China-Physics Mechanics and Astronomy, vol. 57, pp. 927-934, 2014.
• [34]A. J. M. Ferreira, “Matlab Codes for Finite Element Analysis: Solids and Structures (Solid Mechanics and Its Applications),” no.157, Springer 2nd Edition, 2020.
• [35]M. Çolak, E. Tan, R. Kayıkcı and D. Dışpınar, “Hot Tear-Melt Quality Relationship in 3xxx Aluminium Alloys,” Periodicals of Engineering and Natural Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 56-62, 2013.
• [36]J. Campbell, “Complete Casting Handbook: Metal Casting Processes, Metallurgy, Techniques and Design,” 2nd Edition, Elsevier: Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam, 2015.
• [37]M. Uludağ, R. Çetin and D. Dispinar, “Freezing Range, Melt Quality, and Hot Tearing in Al-Si Alloys,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 49, pp. 1948–1961, 2018.
• [38]D. Dispinar and J. Campbell, “Porosity, Hydrogen and Bifilm Content in Al Alloy Castings,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 528, no. 10–11, pp. 3860-3865. 2011.
• [39]X. Cao and J. Campbell, “The Nucleation of Fe-Rich Phases on Oxide Films in Al-11.5Si-0.4-Mg Cast Alloys,” Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 34A, pp. 1409-1420, 2003.
• [40]L. Zhao, B. N. Wang, V. Sahajwalla and R. D. Pehlke, “The Rheological Properties and Hot Tearing Behaviour of an Al-Cu Alloy,” Journal International Journal of Cast Metals Research, vol. 13. no. 3, pp. 167-174, 2000.
• [41]F. Bedir, E. Durak ve K. Delikanlı, “Alüminyum Alaşımlarının Otomotiv Endüstrisinde Uygulanabilirliği ve Mekanik Özellikleri,” Mühendis ve Makina, c. 47. s. 555, ss. 37-46, 2006.
• [42]The Aluminum Association Data Sheet from Aluminum Standards and Data 2000 and/or International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys (Revised 2001).