Kahramanmaraş Depremleri Sonrası Manevi Başa Çıkma, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) ve İslam Odaklı Travma Bazlı Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (İO-TBBDT)

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 52, 351 - 376, 26.03.2024

Metin Çınaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.1410050

Öz

2023 Şubat’ında meydana gelen Büyük Güneydoğu Türkiye Depremleri (BGTD), sadece fiziksel bir felaketin değil, aynı zamanda Kahramanmaraş ve çevresindeki bölgelerdeki hayatta kalanlarda Depremleri Sonrası Manevi Başa Çıkma, Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu’nun (TSSB) başlamasına da sebep olabileceği görülmektedir. Bu derleme, depremlerin bıraktığı psikolojik etkileri ele alırken, TSSB terapilerinde kültürel olarak uygun klinik müdahalelerin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. 1999 Marmara depreminin ardından uygulanmış İslam Odaklı Travma Bazlı Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (İO-TBBDT) modelleri, kültürel ve İslami düşünceleri entegre etmede başarısız olmuştur. Bu eleştirel bakış açısıyla, makale İslami başa çıkma mekanizmalarını klinik psikoloji ile bütünleştiren bütüncül bir iyileşme sürecini savunmaktadır. TSSB iyileşmesinde dinî ve manevi uygulamaların, özellikle Allah’a tevekkül, sabır, ümmet, namaz, zekât ve kader inancının önemi vurgulanmaktadır. TSSB rehabilitasyonunda İslami yaklaşımların potansiyel etkinliği analiz edilirken, mevcut klinik uygulamaların yetersizlikleri eleştirilmekte ve inançla harmanlanmış terapötik stratejilerin benimsenmesinin önemi savunulmaktadır. Makale, manevi uygulamaları bilimsel olarak desteklenen psikolojik müdahalelerle entegre eden İslami Yönelimli TO-BDT için yapılandırılmış bir metodoloji önerirken, mevcut uygulamaların bu alandaki eksikliklerini de gözler önüne sermektedir. Manevi yönün psikoterapi bağlamlarına dâhil edilmesiyle hedeflenen, İslami uygulamalar ile klinik psikoloji arasındaki boşluğu kapatmak, BGTD’den etkilenen Müslüman nüfusun dinî değerleri ve gelenekleri ile uyumlu bir tedavi yaklaşımı sunmaktır. Bu eleştirel bakış açısı, TSSB tedavilerinin depremzedelerin çeşitliliğine ve çok yönlülüğüne uyum sağlayacak şekilde, ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinin kültürel yeterliliğe doğru ilerlemesi için yapılan çağrıyı güçlendirmektedir. Makalede, BGTD’den etkilenen bireylerin psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının, özellikle de TSSB ile mücadele edenlerin ihtiyaçlarının, kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. TSSB’nin, sadece bireysel bir rahatsızlık değil, aynı zamanda toplumsal bir sorun olduğu kabul edilmekte ve bu nedenle tedavi süreçlerinin sadece bireyi değil, toplumu da göz önünde bulundurması gerektiği belirtilmektedir. Toplum bazlı müdahalelerin önemi vurgulanırken, bu alandaki mevcut uygulamaların eksiklikleri ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönleri de ele alınmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, makale, TSSB tedavisinde kültürel duyarlılığın ve toplum bazlı yaklaşımların önemini vurgulamakta ve bu konuda daha fazla araştırma ve uygulama yapılması çağrısında bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psikoloji, Maneviyat Psikolojisi, Türkiye Güneydoğu Depremleri 2023, TSSB ve İslami Yaklaşımlar, İslami Yönelimli Travma Odaklı Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi

Islamic Coping, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Islam Oriented Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (IO-TF-CBT) in Post-Kahramanmaraş Earthquake Period

Öz

The Great Southeast Turkey Earthquakes (GSTE) of February 2023 were not only a physical disaster but also seem to have triggered the onset of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among survivors in Kahramanmaraş and surrounding areas. This review emphasizes the need for culturally appropriate clinical interventions in PTSD therapies, addressing the psychological impacts left by the earthquakes. The Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) models implemented after the 1999 Marmara earthquake failed to integrate cultural and Islamic thoughts effectively. With this critical perspective, the article advocates for a holistic healing process that integrates Islamic coping mechanisms with clinical psychology. The importance of religious and spiritual practices in PTSD recovery, especially reliance on Allah, patience, the concept of ummah, prayer, almsgiving, and belief in destiny, is highlighted. While analyzing the potential effectiveness of Islamic approaches in PTSD rehabilitation, the study criticizes the inadequacies of current clinical practices and advocates for the adoption of faith-integrated therapeutic strategies. It proposes a structured methodology for Islamic-Oriented TF-CBT that integrates spiritual practices with scientifically supported psychological interventions, highlighting the gaps in current practices. The aim is to bridge the gap between Islamic practices and clinical psychology, offering a treatment approach compatible with the religious values and traditions of the Muslim population affected by the GSTE. This critical perspective strengthens the call for progress towards cultural competency in mental health services, ensuring that PTSD treatments adapt to the diversity and complexity of earthquake victims. The article emphasizes the need to comprehensively address the psychological needs of individuals affected by the GSTE, particularly those battling PTSD. Recognizing PTSD as not only an individual disorder but also a societal issue, the study suggests that treatment processes should consider not only the individual but also the community. The importance of community-based interventions is highlighted, discussing the current shortcomings and areas for development in this field. In conclusion, the article underscores the significance of cultural sensitivity and community-based approaches in PTSD treatment, calling for more research and implementation in this area.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Psychology, Spiritual Psychology, Turkey South-East Earthquakes 2023, PTSD and Islamic Approaches, Islamic Oriented Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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