Do Career Decidedness and Career Distress Influence Psychological and Subjective Wellbeing? The Mediating Role of Mindfulness

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 271 - 280, 30.12.2020

Ümüt Arslan Burcu Bayraktar Uyar

https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.783328

Cited By: 4

Öz

In this study, the mediating role of mindfulness in the relationship of career decidedness and career distress with psychological wellbeing (PWB) and subjective wellbeing (SWB) was investigated. 338 university students (245 females and 93 males, M = 22.6 years, SD = 5.25) from Izmir, Turkey participated in the study. Career Decidedness Scale, Career Distress Scale, The Flourishing Scale, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, The Satisfaction with Life Scale and The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale were used in the study. The Pearson Correlation Test was applied for correlations and PROCESS Model 4 analysis tools were used to test the mediating models. The results showed that (a) career decidedness predicted mindfulness, PWB, and SWB, and (b) mindfulness played a mediating role in the link between career decidedness and PWB and SWB. While career distress predicted PWB and SWB, it did not predict mindfulness. In addition, mindfulness did not have a mediating role in the relationships of career distress with PWB and SWB. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Career Distress, Career Decidedness, Subjective Wellbeing, Psychological Wellbeing, Mindfulness

Kaynakça

• Akçakanat, T., & Uzunbacak, H. H. (2019). Kariyer kararlılığı ölçeği: Türkçe’ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Career decidedness scale: adaptation to Turkish, validity and reliability study]. İktisadi İdari ve Siyasal Araştırmalar Dergisi [Journal of Economic, Administrative and Political Studies], 4(9), 159-170.
• Bacanlı, F. (2012). Kariyer karar verme güçlükleri ve meslek seçimine ilişkin akılcı olmayan inançların ilişkisi [Relationship between career decision making difficulties and irrational beliefs about career choice]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance], 4(37), 86-95.
• Benton, S. A., Benton, S. L., Newton, F. B., Benton, K. L., & Robertson, J. M. (2004). Changes in Client Problems: Contributions and Limitations From a 13-Year Study. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 35(3), 317–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.35.3.317
• Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822–848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
• Busseri, M. A., & Sadava, S. W. (2011). A Review of the Tripartite Structure of Subjective Well-Being: Implications for Conceptualization, Operationalization, Analysis, and Synthesis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(3), 290–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868310391271
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç, E.Ç., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2012). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri [Scientific Research Methods]. Pegem Academy.
• Cash, M., & Whittingham, K. (2010). What facets of mindfulness contribute to psychological well-being and depressive, anxious, and stress-related symptomatology? Mindfulness, 1(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-010-0023-4
• Creed, P. A., & Gagliardi, R.-E. (2015). Career compromise, career distress, and perceptions of employability: The moderating roles of social capital and core self-evaluations. Journal of Career Assessment, 23(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072714523082
• Creed, P. A., & Hood, M. (2014). Disengaging From Unattainable Career Goals and Reengaging in More Achievable Ones. Journal of Career Development, 41(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845312471195
• Creed, P. A., Hood, M., Praskova, A. ve Makransky, G. (2016). The career distress scale: Using rasch measurement theory to evaluate a brief measure of career distress. Journal of Career Assessment, 24(4), 732–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072715616126.
• Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Dinçer, D. ve Kardaş, S. (2017). Beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: PERMA Ölçeği Türkçe Formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği [Five-dimensional wellbeing model: validity and reliability of the Turkish form of the PERMA Scale]. The Journal of Happiness & Wellbeing, 5(1), 60-77.
• Deniz, M. E., Erus, S. M. ve Büyükcebeci, A. (2017). Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü [Bilinçli farkındalık ile psikolojik iyi oluş ilişkisinde duygusal zekanın aracılık rolü]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance], 7(47), 17-31.
• Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
• Diener, E., Lucas, R. E. ve Scollon, C. N. (2009). Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of wellbeing. In The science of wellbeing (pp. 103-118). Springer, Dordrecht.
• Dobkin, P. L., & Hutchinson, T. A. (2013). Teaching mindfulness in medical school: where are we now and where are we going?. Medical education, 47(8), 768-779. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12200
• Doğan, H. ve Bacanlı, F. (2012). The effect of a career decision-making group guidance program on career decision-making difficulties [Special Issue]. Energy Education Science and Technology Part B: Social and Educational Studies, 1, 912-916.
• Eryılmaz, A. ve Ercan, L. (2016). Öznel iyi oluşun cinsiyet, yaş grupları ve kişilik özellikleri açısından incelenmesi [Examining subjective wellbeing in terms of gender, age groups and personality traits]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance], 4(36), 139-151.
• Eryılmaz, A. ve Mutlu, T. (2017). Yaşam boyu gelişim yaklaşımı perspektifinden kariyer gelişimi ve ruh sağlığı [Career development and mental health from a lifelong development perspective]. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar [Current Approaches in Psychiatry], 9(2), 227-249.
• Fuqua, D. R. ve Hartman, B. W. (1983). Differential diagnosis and treatment of career indecision. The Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62(1), 27-29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2164-4918.1983.tb00112.x
• Galles, J., Lenz, J., Peterson, G. W. ve Sampson Jr, J. P. (2019). Mindfulness and Decision‐Making Style: Predicting Career Thoughts and Vocational Identity. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(1), 77-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12164
• Gati, I., Krausz, M. ve Osipow, S. H. (1996). A taxonomy of difficulties in career decision making. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(4), 510–526. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.43.4.510.
• Gençöz, T. (2000). Pozitif ve negatif duygu ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Positive and negative affect scale: validity and reliability study]. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi [Turkish Journal of Psychology], 15(46), 19-26.
• Gordon, V. N. (1998). Career decidedness types: A literature review. The Career Development Quarterly, 46(4), 386-403. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1998.tb00715.x
• Graham, C. ve Crown, S. (2014). Religion and wellbeing around the world: social purpose, social time, or social insurance? International Journal of Wellbeing. 4(1), 1-27.
• Grant, S., Langan-Fox, J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The Big Five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205–231. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.1.205-231
• Günay, A., & Çelik, R. (2019). Kariyer stresinin psikolojik iyi oluş ve iyimserlik değişkenleriyle yordanması [Prediction of career stress with psychological wellbeing and optimism variables]. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi [Süleyman Demirel University Journal of Social Sciences Institute], 2(33), 205-218.
• Hayes, A. F. (2017). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford.
• Hinkelman, J. M. ve Luzzo, D. A. (2007). Mental health and career development of college students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 85(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00456.x
• Hollis-Walker, L. ve Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-meditators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.033
• Jacobs, S. J., & Blustein, D. L. (2008). Mindfulness as a coping mechanism for employment uncertainty. The Career Development Quarterly, 57(2), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00045.x
• Joo, B. K. ve Lee, I. (2017). Workplace happiness: work engagement, career satisfaction, and subjective wellbeing. In Evidence-based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship. Emerald Publishing Limited. Vol. 5 Issue:2, pp. 206-221.
• Kabat‐Zinn, J. (2003), Mindfulness‐Based Interventions in Context: Past, Present, and Future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10: 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
• Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007–1022. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007
• Köker, S. (1991). Normal ve sorunlu ergenlerin yaşam doyumu düzeyinin karşılaştırılması [Comparison of life satisfaction levels of normal and problematic adolescents]. (Publication No. 16802) [Master thesis, Ankara University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center.
• Larson, L. M., Toulouse, A. L., Ngumba, W. E., Fitzpatrick, L. A. ve Heppner, P. P. (1994). The development and validation of coping with career indecision. Journal of Career Assessment, 2, 91–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/106907279400200201.
• Lounsbury, J. W., Tatum, H. E., Chambers, W., Owens, K. S., & Gibson, L. W. (1999). An investigation of career decidedness in relation to "Big Five" personality constructs and life satisfaction. College Student Journal, 33(4), 646–652.
• Lucas, M. S., Skokowski, C. T., & Ancis, J. R. (2000). Contextual themes in career decision making of female clients who indicate depression. Journal of Counseling & Development, 78(3), 316–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2000.tb01913.x
• Mann, L., Harmoni, R., & Power, C. (1989). Adolescent decision-making: The development of competence. Journal of Adolescence, 12(3), 265–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-1971(89)90077-8
• McCracken, L. M., & Thompson, M. (2009). Components of mindfulness in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31(2), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-008-9099-8
• Miller, A. D. (2011). Career Decidedness, Meaning in Life, and Anxiety: A Mediation/Moderation Model. (Publication No. 1514295) [Master thesis, Southern Illinois University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses publishing.
• Neff, K. D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027 Özyeşil, Z. (2011). Öz- Anlayış ve Bilinçli Farkındalık [Self-Understanding and Conscious Awareness]. Maya Akademy.
• Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, Ş. ve Deniz, M. E. (2011). Bilinçli farkındalık ölçeği’ni Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması [The study of adapting the conscious awareness scale to Turkish]. Eğitim ve Bilim [Education and Science], 36(160).
• Sampson, J. P., Peterson, G. W., Lenz, J. G. ve Reardon, R. C. (1992). A cognitive approach to career services: translating concepts ınto practice. The Career Development Quarterly, 41(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.1992.tb00360.x
• Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 1116–1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037
• Super, D. E. (1980). A life-span, life-space approach to career development. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16(3), 282-298.
• Şensoy, G. ve Siyez, D, M. (2018). The career distress scale: structure, concurrent and discriminant validity, and internal reliability in a Turkish sample. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 19, 203–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-018-9376-3.
• Talib, J. A., Salleh, A., Amat, S., Ghavifekr, S., & Ariff, A. M. (2015). Effect of career education module on career development of community college students. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 15(1), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-014-9279-x
• Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik iyi oluş ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Psychological wellbeing scale: adaptation to Turkish, validity and reliability study]. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Hacettepe University Journal of Education Faculty], 28(28-3), 374-384.
• Uthayakumar, R., Schimmack, U., Hartung, P. J., & Rogers, J. R. (2010). Career decidedness as a predictor of subjective wellbeing. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 77(2), 196-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.07.002
• Ülev, E. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalık düzeyi ile stresle başa çıkma tarzının depresyon, kaygı ve stres belirtileriyle ilişkisi [The relationship between the level of conscious awareness and the style of coping with stress with depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in university students]. (Publication No. 365039) [Master thesis, Hacettepe University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center.
• Viola, M. M., Musso, P., Inguglia, C., & Lo Coco, A. (2016). Psychological well‐being and career indecision in emerging adulthood: The moderating role of hardiness. The Career Development Quarterly, 64(4), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12073
• Vondracek, F. W. (1998). Career development: A lifespan perspective (Introduction to the special section). International Journal of Behavioral Development, 22(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1080/016502598384487
• Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063
• Weinstein, N., Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping, and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 43(3), 374–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.008
• Yavuz, S. (2006). İşletmelerde kariyer yönetimi ve uygulamadan bir örnek [An example from career management and implementation in businesses]. (Publication No. 210014) [Master thesis, Ankara University]. Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center.
• Yeşilyaprak, B. (2011). Mesleki rehberlik ve kariyer danışmanlığı: Kuramdan uygulamaya [Vocational guidance and career counseling: From theory to practice.]. Pegem Publishing.
• Zhang, Q. (2011). The role of dispositional mindfulness on occupational engagement and emotional career indecision among college students. (Publication No. 879417209) [Master thesis, Southern Illinois University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses publishing.