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Determination of Mechanical Performance and Microstructural Properties of Glass Fiber/EPDM/Polyamide-6 Composites

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1216 - 1229, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1028274

Öz

The EPDM elastomer added to polyamide-6 (PA-6) polymer reduces the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the material, while the added glass fibers decrease the elongation at break of the composite. Therefore, it is of great importance to produce elastomer and fiber reinforced polymer composites together in order to obtain composites with high mechanical properties demanded by the industry, namely high strength, high rigidity and superior fracture toughness (impact energy). In this experimental study, mechanical behaviors of unfilled PA-6 polymer, 8wt.% of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer (EPDM) filled polyamide-6 (PA6-8EPDM), 10wt.% of glass fiber (GF) filled polyamide-6 (PA6-10GF) and 10wt.% GF/8wt.% EPDM filled polyamide-6 (PA6-10GF-8EPDM) polymer composites were investigated. Polyamide-6 based polymer composites were first produced in granule form in an industrial type twin screw extruder machine and then the mechanical test samples were molded using a conventional type injection molding machine. As a result of the study, the tensile strength decreased by 19.3%, the modulus of elasticity decreased by 41.4%, while the impact strength increased by 14.1% with the addition of 8wt.% EPDM to the PA6 polymer. On the other hand, with the addition of 10wt.% glass fiber to the PA6 polymer, the tensile strength increased by 23.6%, the modulus of elasticity increased by 64.8% and the impact strength decreased by 63.4%. The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the PA6 composite increased by 67.0% and 94.0% with the addition of 10wt.% GF to PA6 polymer, respectively

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkadir G., Ahmet O., Emin O. Experimental investigation of the effect of glass fibres on the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) plastics. Materials and Design 2006; 27: 316–323.
  • Caramitu A.R., Traian Z., Sorina M., Violeta T., Virgil M., Lidia A. PA 6/EPDM Blends for Electrical Insulations. Preliminary Characterization. The 8th Internatıonal Symposıum on Advanced Topıcs ın Electrıcal Engıneerıng, 23-25 May 2013, sayfa no:1-6, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Chen K., Mingyin J., Hua S., Ping X. Thermoplastic Reaction Injection Pultrusion for Continuous Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6 Composites. Materials 2019; 12: 463.
  • Çuvalcı H., Kadir E., Hüseyin I. Investigation of the effect of glass fiber content on the mechanical properties of cast polyamide. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2014; 39:9049-9056
  • Dryzek E., Wrobel M., Juszynska-Gałazka E. Free-Volume and tensile properties of glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 composites. Acta Physıca Polonıca A 2017; 132(5):1501-1505.
  • Essabir H., Denis R., Rachid B., Abou el K.Q. Effect of Nylon 6 (PA6) Addition on the Properties Glass Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene. Polymer Composıtes 2018; 14-21.
  • Hong Y., Qin Z., Min G., Cong W., Rongni D., Qiang F. Study on the phase structures and toughening mechanism in PP/EPDM/SiO2 ternary composites. Polymer 2006; 47: 2106–2115.
  • Ke-Qing H., Zheng-Jun L., Mu-Huo Y. Preparation and Mechanical Fiber Reinforced PA6 Novel Process. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2005; 290: 688-694.
  • Kusaseh N.M., Nuruzzaman D.M., Ismail N.M., Hamedon Z., Azhari A., Iqbal A.K.M.A. Flexure and impact properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6-polypropylene composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018; 319: 012045.
  • Li J., Zhang Y.F. The tensile properties of HNO3-treated carbon fiber reinforced ABS/PA6 composites. Surface and Interface Analysis 2009; 41: 610–614.
  • Liang J., Yuqiang X., Zhiyong W., Ping S., Guangyi C., Wanxi Z. Mechanical properties, crystallization and melting behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2014; 115:209-218.
  • Lien Z., Haoming W., Meihua L., Zheng J., Kai Z. Effect of Core-Shell Morphology on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of HDPE/HDPE-g-MA/PA6 Ternary Blends. Polymers 2018; 10: 1040.
  • Lozano K., Barrera V. Nanofiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites. I. Thermoanalytical and mechanical analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2001; 79: 125–133.
  • Niyaraki M.N., Faramarz A.G., Ismail G., Sajjad D. Predicting of Impact Strength and Elastic Modulus of Polypropylene/EPDM/Graphene/Glass Fiber Nanocomposites by Response Surface Methodology. Technıcal Journal 2021; 15(2): 169-177.
  • Nuruzzaman D.M., Iqbal Asif A.K.M., Oumer A.N., Ismail N.M., Basri S. Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2016; 114: 012118.
  • Ozkoc G, Bayram G, Bayramlı E. Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: processing and characterization. Polymer Composites 2005; 26: 745-755.
  • Qıu M., Xumıng S., Patrıcıa C.T., Xınmın L., Zhongqın L. Mechanical properties of thermoplastic olefin composites: Effect of fillers content, strain rate and temperature. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 2010; 49; 121-127.
  • Ravıshankar P.S. Treatise on EPDM. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2012; 85: 327-349.
  • Shao-Yun F., Bernd L., Robert K.Y.L., Yiu-Wing M. Effects of PA6,6/PP ratio on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber reinforced and rubber-toughened polyamide 6,6/polypropylene blends. Composites: Part B 2006; 37:182-190.
  • Shojaei A., Fereydoon M. Taguchi analysis of extrusion variables and composition effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of EPR-g-MA toughened polyamide 6 and its composite with short glass fiber. Materials Science and Engineering A 2009; 506:45-57.
  • Tanrattanakul V., Nutthorn S., Phatchareeya R. Rubber toughening of nylon 6 with epoxidized natural rubber. Polymer Testing 2008; 27:794-800.
  • Tarun S.G., Sridhar A., Namrata V., Doddipatla P. Review on nano-and microfiller-based polyamide 6 hybrid composite: Effect on mechanical properties and morphology. Polymer Engineering & Science 2020; 60:1717-1759.
  • Tıtıre L.C., Andreea E.M., Alına C.C., George C.C., George G.O., Lorena D. Characterization of Blend PA6+EPDM (60/40) by Tensile Tests. Materıale Plastıce 2021; 58(3):51-63.
  • Zaldua N., Jon M., Amaia de la C., Sonia G.A., Cristina E., Isabel H., Agnieszka T., Alejandro J.M. Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading. Polymers 2019; 11: 1680.

Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 1216 - 1229, 12.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1028274

Öz

Poliamit-6 polimerine ilave edilen EPDM elastomeri, malzemenin çekme dayanımı ve elastiklik modülü gibi değerlerini azaltırken ilave edilen cam elyaflar kompozitin kopma uzamasını azaltmaktadır. Dolayısıyla endüstrinin talep ettiği yüksek mekanik özelliklere yani yüksek mukavemet, yüksek rijitlik ve üstün kırılma tokluğu (darbe enerjisi) gibi özelliklere sahip kompozitlerin elde edilebilmesi için elastomer ve elyaf takviyeli polimer kompozitlerin birlikte üretilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, katkısız poliamit 6 (PA6) polimeri ile ağırlık olarak %8 oranında Etilen-Propilen-Dien-Monomer (EPDM) katkılı poliamit 6 (PA6-8EPDM), %10 oranında cam elyaf (CE) takviyeli poliamit 6 (PA6-10CE) ve %10 CE ve %8 oranında Etilen-Propilen-Dien-Monomer katkılı poliamit 6 (PA6-10CE-8EPDM) polimer kompozitlerin mekanik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Poliamit-6 esaslı polimer kompozitler, endüstriyel tip ikiz vidalı bir ekstrüder makinesinde önce granül formda üretilmiş sonra da mekanik test numuneleri geleneksel tip bir enjeksiyon makinesi kullanılarak basılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, PA6 polimerine ilave edilen %8 oranındaki EPDM çekme mukavemetini %19.3, elastiklik modülünü %41.4 oranında azaltırken darbe mukavemetini %14.1 oranında artırmıştır. PA6 polimerine ilave edilen %10 oranındaki cam elyaf ise çekme mukavemetini %23.6, elastiklik modülünü %64.8 oranında artırırken darbe mukavemetini %63,4 oranında azaltmıştır. PA6 polimerine ilave edilen %10 oranındaki CE ise kompozitin eğilme mukavemeti ve eğilmedeki elastiklik modülünü sırasıyla %67.0 ve %94.0 oranlarında artırmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdulkadir G., Ahmet O., Emin O. Experimental investigation of the effect of glass fibres on the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyamide 6 (PA6) plastics. Materials and Design 2006; 27: 316–323.
  • Caramitu A.R., Traian Z., Sorina M., Violeta T., Virgil M., Lidia A. PA 6/EPDM Blends for Electrical Insulations. Preliminary Characterization. The 8th Internatıonal Symposıum on Advanced Topıcs ın Electrıcal Engıneerıng, 23-25 May 2013, sayfa no:1-6, Bucharest, Romania.
  • Chen K., Mingyin J., Hua S., Ping X. Thermoplastic Reaction Injection Pultrusion for Continuous Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide-6 Composites. Materials 2019; 12: 463.
  • Çuvalcı H., Kadir E., Hüseyin I. Investigation of the effect of glass fiber content on the mechanical properties of cast polyamide. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2014; 39:9049-9056
  • Dryzek E., Wrobel M., Juszynska-Gałazka E. Free-Volume and tensile properties of glass fibre reinforced polyamide 6 composites. Acta Physıca Polonıca A 2017; 132(5):1501-1505.
  • Essabir H., Denis R., Rachid B., Abou el K.Q. Effect of Nylon 6 (PA6) Addition on the Properties Glass Fiber Reinforced Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene. Polymer Composıtes 2018; 14-21.
  • Hong Y., Qin Z., Min G., Cong W., Rongni D., Qiang F. Study on the phase structures and toughening mechanism in PP/EPDM/SiO2 ternary composites. Polymer 2006; 47: 2106–2115.
  • Ke-Qing H., Zheng-Jun L., Mu-Huo Y. Preparation and Mechanical Fiber Reinforced PA6 Novel Process. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 2005; 290: 688-694.
  • Kusaseh N.M., Nuruzzaman D.M., Ismail N.M., Hamedon Z., Azhari A., Iqbal A.K.M.A. Flexure and impact properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon 6-polypropylene composites. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018; 319: 012045.
  • Li J., Zhang Y.F. The tensile properties of HNO3-treated carbon fiber reinforced ABS/PA6 composites. Surface and Interface Analysis 2009; 41: 610–614.
  • Liang J., Yuqiang X., Zhiyong W., Ping S., Guangyi C., Wanxi Z. Mechanical properties, crystallization and melting behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced PA6 composites. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2014; 115:209-218.
  • Lien Z., Haoming W., Meihua L., Zheng J., Kai Z. Effect of Core-Shell Morphology on the Mechanical Properties and Crystallization Behavior of HDPE/HDPE-g-MA/PA6 Ternary Blends. Polymers 2018; 10: 1040.
  • Lozano K., Barrera V. Nanofiber–reinforced thermoplastic composites. I. Thermoanalytical and mechanical analysis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2001; 79: 125–133.
  • Niyaraki M.N., Faramarz A.G., Ismail G., Sajjad D. Predicting of Impact Strength and Elastic Modulus of Polypropylene/EPDM/Graphene/Glass Fiber Nanocomposites by Response Surface Methodology. Technıcal Journal 2021; 15(2): 169-177.
  • Nuruzzaman D.M., Iqbal Asif A.K.M., Oumer A.N., Ismail N.M., Basri S. Experimental investigation on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced nylon. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2016; 114: 012118.
  • Ozkoc G, Bayram G, Bayramlı E. Short glass fiber reinforced ABS and ABS/PA6 composites: processing and characterization. Polymer Composites 2005; 26: 745-755.
  • Qıu M., Xumıng S., Patrıcıa C.T., Xınmın L., Zhongqın L. Mechanical properties of thermoplastic olefin composites: Effect of fillers content, strain rate and temperature. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 2010; 49; 121-127.
  • Ravıshankar P.S. Treatise on EPDM. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2012; 85: 327-349.
  • Shao-Yun F., Bernd L., Robert K.Y.L., Yiu-Wing M. Effects of PA6,6/PP ratio on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber reinforced and rubber-toughened polyamide 6,6/polypropylene blends. Composites: Part B 2006; 37:182-190.
  • Shojaei A., Fereydoon M. Taguchi analysis of extrusion variables and composition effects on the morphology and mechanical properties of EPR-g-MA toughened polyamide 6 and its composite with short glass fiber. Materials Science and Engineering A 2009; 506:45-57.
  • Tanrattanakul V., Nutthorn S., Phatchareeya R. Rubber toughening of nylon 6 with epoxidized natural rubber. Polymer Testing 2008; 27:794-800.
  • Tarun S.G., Sridhar A., Namrata V., Doddipatla P. Review on nano-and microfiller-based polyamide 6 hybrid composite: Effect on mechanical properties and morphology. Polymer Engineering & Science 2020; 60:1717-1759.
  • Tıtıre L.C., Andreea E.M., Alına C.C., George C.C., George G.O., Lorena D. Characterization of Blend PA6+EPDM (60/40) by Tensile Tests. Materıale Plastıce 2021; 58(3):51-63.
  • Zaldua N., Jon M., Amaia de la C., Sonia G.A., Cristina E., Isabel H., Agnieszka T., Alejandro J.M. Nucleation and Crystallization of PA6 Composites Prepared by T-RTM: Effects of Carbon and Glass Fiber Loading. Polymers 2019; 11: 1680.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Makine Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri (RESEARCH ARTICLES)
Yazarlar

Hüseyin Ünal

Salih Hakan Yetgin

Veysel Furkan Ünal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2021
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mart 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünal, H., Yetgin, S. H., & Ünal, V. F. (2022). Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 1216-1229. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1028274
AMA Ünal H, Yetgin SH, Ünal VF. Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). Aralık 2022;5(3):1216-1229. doi:10.47495/okufbed.1028274
Chicago Ünal, Hüseyin, Salih Hakan Yetgin, ve Veysel Furkan Ünal. “Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının Ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5, sy. 3 (Aralık 2022): 1216-29. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1028274.
EndNote Ünal H, Yetgin SH, Ünal VF (01 Aralık 2022) Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5 3 1216–1229.
IEEE H. Ünal, S. H. Yetgin, ve V. F. Ünal, “Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi”, OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci), c. 5, sy. 3, ss. 1216–1229, 2022, doi: 10.47495/okufbed.1028274.
ISNAD Ünal, Hüseyin vd. “Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının Ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 5/3 (Aralık 2022), 1216-1229. https://doi.org/10.47495/okufbed.1028274.
JAMA Ünal H, Yetgin SH, Ünal VF. Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5:1216–1229.
MLA Ünal, Hüseyin vd. “Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının Ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi”. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 3, 2022, ss. 1216-29, doi:10.47495/okufbed.1028274.
Vancouver Ünal H, Yetgin SH, Ünal VF. Cam Elyaf/EPDM/Poliamit-6 Kompozitlerin Mekanik Performansının ve Mikroyapısal Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. OKÜ Fen Bil. Ens. Dergisi ((OKU Journal of Nat. & App. Sci). 2022;5(3):1216-29.

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