Araştırma Makalesi
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The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism and Brand Image on Purchasing Intention: An Application on Food Consumers

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17, 277 - 307, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.515217

Öz

Intercultural
differences allow consumers to consider the culture of their own country to be
superior to other countries' cultures, and hence reveal their intention to
purchase. In other words, when consumers intend to buy products, they pay
attention to domestic products. One of the main reasons for this is
ethnocentrism, which is known as ethnic nationalism. In this study, the effect
of consumer ethnocentrism and brand image on purchasing intention is examined.
For this purpose, individuals who are older than 18 years living in İstanbul
Province have been targeted and face - to - face survey method has been conducted
to 450 people. Survey data have been collected according to convenience
sampling method. Data analysis has been performed by using SPSS 22 and AMOS 20
programs. The data have been analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient
method, normality test, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor
analysis and structural equation model. As a result of the research, it has
been concluded that ethnocentrism and brand image have a significant effect on
the purchasing intention of food products. 

Kaynakça

  • Aaker, D.A, Burton H. Marcus, Dorothy Cohen (1977). Modern marketing. (New York: Random House), 3, 100.
  • Arıkan, R. (2007). Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama. 6. Baskı, Isbn:975-8784-35-8, Ankara.
  • Asil, H. ve Kaya, İ. (2013). Türk tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42 (1), 113-132.
  • Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R.D., Melewar, T.C. (2001). The ımpact of nationalism, patriotism and ınternationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal 0f International Business Studies, 32 (1), 157-175.
  • Berens, G., Cees B.M. Van R., Gerrit, H., Van, B. (2005). Corporate associations and consumer product responses: the moderating role of corporate brand dominance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 35-48
  • Biel, A.L. (1992). How brand ımage drives brand equity. Journal of Advertising Research, (11), 6-12.
  • Butt, H. A., Nawaz, M. R., Nawaz, M. M., Tariq, M. I. ( 2013). Customer perceptions about branding and purchase ıntention: astudy of fmcg in an emerging market. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(2), 340- 347.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Caruana, Albert ve Magri, Emanuel (1996). The effect of dogmatism and social class variables on consumer ethnocentrism in Malta. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14 (4), 39-44.
  • Cateora, Philip R., Mary C. Gilly ve Graham, J.L. (2011). International Marketing. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill Irwin.
  • Cemalcılar, İ. (1987). Pazarlama, kavramlar-kararlar. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.
  • Charles, M. ve Francois D. T.F. (2016). Measuring consumer ethnocentrism: An assessment of reliability, validity and dimensionality of the cetscale in a developing market. Journal of African Business, 17(2), 188-208.
  • Cop, R ve Gümüş, N. (2009). Pazarlamada ağızdan ağza iletişimin tüketici davranışlarındaki rolü ve bir araştırma. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 179-202
  • Cutura, M. (2006). The ımpacts of ethnocentrism on consumers’ evaluation processes and willingness to buy domestic vs. ımported goods in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 1(2), 54-63.
  • Dodds, William B., Kent B. Monroe and Dhruv G. (1991). The effects of price, brand and store ınformation on buyers' product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 28 (3), 307-319.
  • Doyle, P., (2003). Değer temelli pazarlama, Çev: Gülfidan Barış, İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Evanschitzky, H., Wangenheim, F., Woisetschlager, D. ve Blut, M. (2008). Consumer ethnocentrism in the German market. International Marketing Review, 25(1), 7-32.
  • George, B.P. ve Yaoyuneyong, G. (2010), "Impulse buying and cognitive dissonance: a study conducted among the spring break student shoppers", Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 11 (4), 291-306.
  • Good, L.K. ve Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: Are feelings and ıntentions related? International Marketing Review,12(5), 35-48.
  • Grewal, D., Monroe, K. B. ve Krishnan, R. (1998). The effects of price-comparison advertising on buyers’ perceptions of acquisition value, transaction value and behavioral ıntentions. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 46-59.
  • Hamin, H. ve Elliott, G. (2006). A less-developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and ‘‘country of origin’’ effects: Indonesian evidence”. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 79-92.
  • Ha, C.L. (1998). The influence of consumer ethnocentrism and product characteristics on country of origin effects: a comparison between U.S. consumers and Korean consumer. (Doktora Tezi). Faculty Of The Graduate School Of The University Of Texas. Arlington.
  • Jiaxun, H ve Cheng Lu, W. (2015). Cultural identity and consumer ethnocentrism impacts on preference and purchase of domestic versus import brands: An empirical study in China. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1225-1233.
  • Jones, P. J. (1999). How to use advertising to build strong brands. Sage Publications: USA, California.
  • Karakaşoğlu, M. ve Arslan, M.G. (2016). Mağaza hizmet ortamının marka imajına ve satın alma niyetine etkisi: P&B Ve H&M örneği. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 223-243.
  • Kavak, B. ve Gümüşlüoğlu, L. (2007). Segmenting food markets the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle ın understanding purchasing intentions. International Journal of Market Research, 49(1), 71-94.
  • Kaynak, E. ve Kara, A. (2002). Consumer perceptions of foreign products. an analysis of product-country ımages and ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 928-949.
  • Ker, M. (1998). Profesyonel imajın, imaj yönetimi kapsamındaki yeri ve önemi. Pazarlama Dünyası Dergisi,12 (71), 25-28.
  • Kim, H.B, Woo Gon K., Jeong A. AN. (2003). The effect of consumer-based brand equity on firms’ financial performance. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(4), 335-35.
  • Kinder, D. R. ve Kam C.D. (2012). Ethnocentrism as a short-term force in the 2008 American presidential election. American Journal of Political Science, 56 (2), 326–340.
  • Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the people’s republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89-100.
  • Kocabaş F., Elden M., Yurdakul, N. (1999). Reklam ve halkla ilişkilerde hedef kitle. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing management-european edition. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishing.
  • Levine, R. ve Campbell, D.C. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes and group behavior'. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Liang, X. ve Kong, Q. (2010). Cycle fluctiation research of consumer ethnocentrism segmentation in e-market of Chinese Mainland, IEEE.978-1-4244-7159-1, Kasım.
  • Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları (1 ed.). Ankara: Detay Yayınevi.
  • Mohammadzadeh, R. (2015). The effect of brand ımage and purchase ıntention on cosmetic products: Evidence from North Cyprus. Master of Arts in Marketing Management, Eastern Mediterranean University Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.
  • Moon, B.J. ve Jaın, S.C. (2002). Consumer processing of foreign advertisements: Roles of coo perceptions, consumer ethnocentrism and country attitude. International Business Review, 11(2), 117-138.
  • Morrison, D. G. (1979). Purchase ıntentions and purchase behavior. Journal of Marketing, 43(2), 65-74.
  • Mutlu, H.M., Çeviker, A. ve Çirkin, Z. (2011). Tüketici etnosentrizmi ve yabancı ürün satın alma niyeti: Türkiye ve Suriye üzerine karşılaştırmalı analiz. Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 8(1), 52-73.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Durvasula,S., Lichtenstein, D.R. (1991). A cross-national assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE” Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 320-327.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Okechuku, C. (1994). The Importance of product COO. European Journal of Marketing. 28(4), 5-19.
  • Onurlubaş, E. (2018). Marka değeri boyutlarının marka bağlılığı ve satın alma niyeti üzerine etkisi: X marka beyaz eşya kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Turkish Studies, Economics, Finance and Politics, 13(30), 273-302.
  • Onurlubaş, E., Öztürk, D. (2018). Market markalarında tüketicilerin gıda güvenliği algısı: Antalya ili örneği. Karagöz, R., Kodaman, T. ve Premovıć, M. (Editörler). Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimlerde Akademik Çalışmalar. First Edition, September 2018, Ivpe Yayınları, Cetinje, Montenegro. 307-330.
  • Özçelik, G.D. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011). Marka kişiliği algısı ile etnosentrik eğilimler arasındaki ilişki: Levis ve Mavi Jeans üzerine bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(3), 361-377.
  • Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Özdamar K. (2004). Tabloların oluşturulması, güvenirlik ve soru analizi. Paket Programlarla İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1. 5th ed. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Peltekoğlu, F.B. (2004). Halkla ilişkiler nedir? İstanbul: Beta.
  • Perry, A. ve Wisnom, D. (2004). Markanın DNA’sı eşsiz ve dayanıklı markalar yaratmanın kuralları. Çev: Zeynep Yılmaz, İstanbul: Media Cat Kitapları.
  • Petroshius, S.M. ve Kent B.M. (1987). Effect of product-line pricing characteristics on product evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 511-519.
  • Pride, W.M. ve Ferrell, O.C. (2000). Marketing concepts and strategies. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.
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Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Marka İmajının Satın Alma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gıda Tüketicileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17, 277 - 307, 31.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.515217

Öz

Kültürlerarası oluşan
farklılıklar tüketicilerin bazılarının kendi ülkesinin kültürünü diğer
ülkelerin kültürlerinden daha üstün görmesini sağlamakta ve buna bağlı olarak satın
alma niyetlerini ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Yani tüketiciler ürünleri satın almya
niyetlenirken yerli ürün olmasına dikkat etmektedirler. Bunun en büyük
nedenlerinden biri ise etnik milliyetçilik olarak bilinen etnosentrizmdir. Bu
çalışmada, tüketici etnosentrizmi ve marka imajının satın alma niyeti
üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla İstanbul ilinde yaşamakta olan 18
yaşından büyük bireyler hedef alınmış ve 450 kişiye yüz yüze anket yöntemi
uygulanmıştır. Anket verileri kolayda örnekleme yöntemine göre toplanmıştır.
Araştırmada veri analizi, SPSS 22 ve AMOS 20 programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Veriler Cronbach Alpha Katsayısı yöntemi, Normallik testi, Açıklayıcı Faktör
Analizi, Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli kullanılarak analiz
edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda etnosentrizm ve marka imajının ambalajlı gıda
ürünleri satın alma niyeti üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğu sonucuna
ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Aaker, D.A, Burton H. Marcus, Dorothy Cohen (1977). Modern marketing. (New York: Random House), 3, 100.
  • Arıkan, R. (2007). Araştırma teknikleri ve rapor hazırlama. 6. Baskı, Isbn:975-8784-35-8, Ankara.
  • Asil, H. ve Kaya, İ. (2013). Türk tüketicilerin etnosentrik eğilimlerinin belirlenmesi üzerine bir araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 42 (1), 113-132.
  • Balabanis, G., Diamantopoulos, A., Mueller, R.D., Melewar, T.C. (2001). The ımpact of nationalism, patriotism and ınternationalism on consumer ethnocentric tendencies. Journal 0f International Business Studies, 32 (1), 157-175.
  • Berens, G., Cees B.M. Van R., Gerrit, H., Van, B. (2005). Corporate associations and consumer product responses: the moderating role of corporate brand dominance. Journal of Marketing, 69(3), 35-48
  • Biel, A.L. (1992). How brand ımage drives brand equity. Journal of Advertising Research, (11), 6-12.
  • Butt, H. A., Nawaz, M. R., Nawaz, M. M., Tariq, M. I. ( 2013). Customer perceptions about branding and purchase ıntention: astudy of fmcg in an emerging market. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, 3(2), 340- 347.
  • Büyüköztürk Ş. (2002). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. 2. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Yayıncılık.
  • Caruana, Albert ve Magri, Emanuel (1996). The effect of dogmatism and social class variables on consumer ethnocentrism in Malta. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 14 (4), 39-44.
  • Cateora, Philip R., Mary C. Gilly ve Graham, J.L. (2011). International Marketing. New York: Mc-Graw-Hill Irwin.
  • Cemalcılar, İ. (1987). Pazarlama, kavramlar-kararlar. İstanbul: Beta Basım Yayım.
  • Charles, M. ve Francois D. T.F. (2016). Measuring consumer ethnocentrism: An assessment of reliability, validity and dimensionality of the cetscale in a developing market. Journal of African Business, 17(2), 188-208.
  • Cop, R ve Gümüş, N. (2009). Pazarlamada ağızdan ağza iletişimin tüketici davranışlarındaki rolü ve bir araştırma. Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2, 179-202
  • Cutura, M. (2006). The ımpacts of ethnocentrism on consumers’ evaluation processes and willingness to buy domestic vs. ımported goods in the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. South East European Journal of Economics and Business, 1(2), 54-63.
  • Dodds, William B., Kent B. Monroe and Dhruv G. (1991). The effects of price, brand and store ınformation on buyers' product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research (JMR), 28 (3), 307-319.
  • Doyle, P., (2003). Değer temelli pazarlama, Çev: Gülfidan Barış, İstanbul: MediaCat Kitapları.
  • Evanschitzky, H., Wangenheim, F., Woisetschlager, D. ve Blut, M. (2008). Consumer ethnocentrism in the German market. International Marketing Review, 25(1), 7-32.
  • George, B.P. ve Yaoyuneyong, G. (2010), "Impulse buying and cognitive dissonance: a study conducted among the spring break student shoppers", Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers, 11 (4), 291-306.
  • Good, L.K. ve Huddleston, P. (1995). Ethnocentrism of Polish and Russian consumers: Are feelings and ıntentions related? International Marketing Review,12(5), 35-48.
  • Grewal, D., Monroe, K. B. ve Krishnan, R. (1998). The effects of price-comparison advertising on buyers’ perceptions of acquisition value, transaction value and behavioral ıntentions. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 46-59.
  • Hamin, H. ve Elliott, G. (2006). A less-developed country perspective of consumer ethnocentrism and ‘‘country of origin’’ effects: Indonesian evidence”. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 18(2), 79-92.
  • Ha, C.L. (1998). The influence of consumer ethnocentrism and product characteristics on country of origin effects: a comparison between U.S. consumers and Korean consumer. (Doktora Tezi). Faculty Of The Graduate School Of The University Of Texas. Arlington.
  • Jiaxun, H ve Cheng Lu, W. (2015). Cultural identity and consumer ethnocentrism impacts on preference and purchase of domestic versus import brands: An empirical study in China. Journal of Business Research, 68(6), 1225-1233.
  • Jones, P. J. (1999). How to use advertising to build strong brands. Sage Publications: USA, California.
  • Karakaşoğlu, M. ve Arslan, M.G. (2016). Mağaza hizmet ortamının marka imajına ve satın alma niyetine etkisi: P&B Ve H&M örneği. Marmara Üniversitesi Öneri Dergisi, 12(46), 223-243.
  • Kavak, B. ve Gümüşlüoğlu, L. (2007). Segmenting food markets the role of ethnocentrism and lifestyle ın understanding purchasing intentions. International Journal of Market Research, 49(1), 71-94.
  • Kaynak, E. ve Kara, A. (2002). Consumer perceptions of foreign products. an analysis of product-country ımages and ethnocentrism. European Journal of Marketing, 36(7/8), 928-949.
  • Ker, M. (1998). Profesyonel imajın, imaj yönetimi kapsamındaki yeri ve önemi. Pazarlama Dünyası Dergisi,12 (71), 25-28.
  • Kim, H.B, Woo Gon K., Jeong A. AN. (2003). The effect of consumer-based brand equity on firms’ financial performance. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(4), 335-35.
  • Kinder, D. R. ve Kam C.D. (2012). Ethnocentrism as a short-term force in the 2008 American presidential election. American Journal of Political Science, 56 (2), 326–340.
  • Klein, J. G., Ettenson, R., Morris, M. D. (1998). The animosity model of foreign product purchase: An empirical test in the people’s republic of China. Journal of Marketing, 62(1), 89-100.
  • Kocabaş F., Elden M., Yurdakul, N. (1999). Reklam ve halkla ilişkilerde hedef kitle. İstanbul: İletişim.
  • Kotler, P. (2009). Marketing management-european edition. Harlow, England: Pearson Prentice Hall Publishing.
  • Levine, R. ve Campbell, D.C. (1972). Ethnocentrism: Theories of conflict, ethnic attitudes and group behavior'. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Liang, X. ve Kong, Q. (2010). Cycle fluctiation research of consumer ethnocentrism segmentation in e-market of Chinese Mainland, IEEE.978-1-4244-7159-1, Kasım.
  • Meydan, C. H. ve Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları (1 ed.). Ankara: Detay Yayınevi.
  • Mohammadzadeh, R. (2015). The effect of brand ımage and purchase ıntention on cosmetic products: Evidence from North Cyprus. Master of Arts in Marketing Management, Eastern Mediterranean University Gazimağusa, North Cyprus.
  • Moon, B.J. ve Jaın, S.C. (2002). Consumer processing of foreign advertisements: Roles of coo perceptions, consumer ethnocentrism and country attitude. International Business Review, 11(2), 117-138.
  • Morrison, D. G. (1979). Purchase ıntentions and purchase behavior. Journal of Marketing, 43(2), 65-74.
  • Mutlu, H.M., Çeviker, A. ve Çirkin, Z. (2011). Tüketici etnosentrizmi ve yabancı ürün satın alma niyeti: Türkiye ve Suriye üzerine karşılaştırmalı analiz. Sosyoekonomi Dergisi, 8(1), 52-73.
  • Netemeyer, R. G., Durvasula,S., Lichtenstein, D.R. (1991). A cross-national assessment of the reliability and validity of the CETSCALE” Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 320-327.
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
  • Okechuku, C. (1994). The Importance of product COO. European Journal of Marketing. 28(4), 5-19.
  • Onurlubaş, E. (2018). Marka değeri boyutlarının marka bağlılığı ve satın alma niyeti üzerine etkisi: X marka beyaz eşya kullanıcıları üzerine bir uygulama. Turkish Studies, Economics, Finance and Politics, 13(30), 273-302.
  • Onurlubaş, E., Öztürk, D. (2018). Market markalarında tüketicilerin gıda güvenliği algısı: Antalya ili örneği. Karagöz, R., Kodaman, T. ve Premovıć, M. (Editörler). Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimlerde Akademik Çalışmalar. First Edition, September 2018, Ivpe Yayınları, Cetinje, Montenegro. 307-330.
  • Özçelik, G.D. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011). Marka kişiliği algısı ile etnosentrik eğilimler arasındaki ilişki: Levis ve Mavi Jeans üzerine bir uygulama. Ege Akademik Bakış, 11(3), 361-377.
  • Özdamar, K. (1999). Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Özdamar K. (2004). Tabloların oluşturulması, güvenirlik ve soru analizi. Paket Programlarla İstatistiksel Veri Analizi-1. 5th ed. Eskişehir: Kaan Kitabevi.
  • Peltekoğlu, F.B. (2004). Halkla ilişkiler nedir? İstanbul: Beta.
  • Perry, A. ve Wisnom, D. (2004). Markanın DNA’sı eşsiz ve dayanıklı markalar yaratmanın kuralları. Çev: Zeynep Yılmaz, İstanbul: Media Cat Kitapları.
  • Petroshius, S.M. ve Kent B.M. (1987). Effect of product-line pricing characteristics on product evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 511-519.
  • Pride, W.M. ve Ferrell, O.C. (2000). Marketing concepts and strategies. Houghton Mifflin Company, New York.
  • Randall, G. (2005). Markalaştırma: Stratejilerinizi planlamada doğru rehber. çev. Elif Özsayar, İstanbul: Rota Yayınları.
  • Raykov, T ve Marcoulides, GA. (2006). Fundamentals of Structural Equation Modeling. A First Course in Structural Equation Modeling. 2nd ed, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 41(3), 1-3.
  • Roth, M.S. ve Romeo, J.M. (1992). Matching product category and country ımage perceptions: A framework for managing COO effects. Journal of International Business Studies, 3, 477-497.
  • Salinas, E. A. ve Perez, J. M. P. (2009). Modeling the brand extensions' influence on brand image. Journal of Business Research, 62, 50-60.
  • Schiffman, L.G. ve Kanuk, L.L. (2000). Consumer behaviour. London: Prentice-Hall.
  • Shankarmahesh, M.N. (2006). Consumer ethnocentrism: An integrativereview of its antecedents and consequences. International Marketing Review 23(2), 146-172.
  • Sharma, S. ve Shin. J. (1995). Consumer ethnocentrism: A test of antecedentsandmoderators. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 23(1), 26-37.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. John Wiley& Sons Inc., Newyork.
  • Shimp, T.A. ve Sharma, S. (1987). Consumer ethnocentrism: Construction and validation of the CETSCALE. Journal of Marketing Research, 24(3), 280- 289.
  • Sipahi B., Yurtkoru, E.S., Çinko M. (2008). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS ile Veri Analizi, İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Tabachnick, B.G. and Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson, Boston.
  • TÜİK, (2018). https://www.turkiye.gov.tr/turkiye-istatistik-kurumu-baskanligi-tuik
  • Vassella, M.C., Fountain, P.D., ve Fountain, U.K. (2010). Consumer ethnocentrism, patriotism global openness and country of origin effect: A literatüre review. ASBBS Annual Conference: Las Vegas, 17(1), 868-882.
  • Wang, H.Y. ve Tsai, F.C. (2014). The relationship between brand ımage and purchase ıntention: Evidence from award winning mutual funds. International Journal of Business and Finance Research, 8(2), 27-40.
  • Wang, C.L. and Chen Z.X. (2004). Consumer ethnocentrism and willingness to buy domestic products in a developing country setting: Testing moderating effects. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 21(6),391-400.
  • Witkowski, T.H. (1998). Consumer ethnocentrism in two emerging markets: determinants and predictive validity. Advances In Consumer Research, 25, 258-263.
  • Xıaogang B., Gunessee S., Hoffmann R., Huı W., Larner J., Qıng-Pıng M., Thompson F. M. (2012). Chinese consumer ethnocentrism: A field experiment. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 11, 252-263.
  • Yazıcı, İ. (1996). Kitle iletişiminde popüler imajlar, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İletişim Bilimleri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul.
  • Yıldırım, Y. ve Gültaş, P. (2016). Farklı etnik kimliklere sahip tüketicilerin etnosentrizm düzeylerinin ve ürün tercihlerindeki tutumlarının incelenmesi: Malatya ili örneği. International Journal of Academic Value Studies, 2 (6), 18-34.
  • Yu, J.H. and Albaum, G. (2002). Sovereignty change influences on consumer ethnocentrism and product preferences: Hong Kong revisited one year later. Journal of Business Research, 55 (11), 891-899
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ebru Onurlubaş 0000-0002-2341-0788

Remzi Altunışık 0000-0001-7934-1841

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2019
Kabul Tarihi 10 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 17

Kaynak Göster

APA Onurlubaş, E., & Altunışık, R. (2019). Tüketici Etnosentrizmi ve Marka İmajının Satın Alma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisi: Gıda Tüketicileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 10(17), 277-307. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.515217

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