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An Analysis of Current Status of Crypto Currencies Over the World and Turkey

Yıl 2019, , 21 - 30, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.487419

Öz

With the embracement of
internet by people, today a good number of business model is carried on the
cyberspace. Thanks to the time and cost savings, this alteration has become
indispensable for individuals and businesses. In 2008, this course is become
distinct with Bitcoin that was proposed by a person or group called Satoshi
Nakamoto. With this unconventional currency, using cryptographic structures,
the concept of the central structure that is the root of the payment process,
has transformed into dispersed architecture and has created a great variation.
Since 2008, a number of distinct crypto currencies have emerged based on the
equal cryptography basis under the leadership of Bitcoin. Though Bitcoin is
still a subject of controversy with the risks it brings with it, many studies
on this matter have carried out in the academic and non-academic world. As the
World, Turkey has also provided a rapid adaptation to this change. Even though
it has not yet been formally accepted as a form of official payment, the online
exchanges have become integrated into the daily life with physical crypto
currency exchange offices. In this paper, by identifying Bitcoin the historical
development of crypto currency ecosystem is examined and the latest progresses
occurred in the World and Turkey are investigated.

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez, J. (2018, 10 10). Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? We Look at The Possible Candidates. Retrieved from Blockonomi: https://blockonomi.com/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto/
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. (2018, 9 4). Ödeme ve Menkul Kıymet Mutabakat Sistemler, Ödeme Hizmetleri ve Elektronik Para Kuruluşları Hakkında Kanun. Retrieved from Mevzuat: http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6493.pdf
  • BDDK. (2018, 9 5). Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. Retrieved from Elektronik Para Kuruluşları : http://www.bddk.org.tr/Kuruluslar-Kategori/Elektronik-Para-Kuruluslari/7
  • BDDK. (2018, 9 5). Basın açıklaması. Retrieved from Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu : http://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_0512_01.pdf
  • Blockchain Size. (2018, 09 19). Retrieved from Blockchain: https://www.blockchain.com/tr/charts/blocks-size
  • Böhme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., & Moore, T. (2015). Bitcoin: Economics, Technology, and Governance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 29, 213-238.
  • Burniske, C., & Tatar, J. (2018). Cryptoassets The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond. US: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Caentano, R. (2015). Learning Bitcoin. UK: Packt Publishing.
  • Çarkacıoğlu, D. A. (2016). Kripto-para Bitcoin. İstanbul: Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi.
  • Coinmap. (2018, 10 7). Coinmap word. Retrieved from Coinmap: https://coinmap.org/#/world/66.62684037/-24.23583984/2
  • Coinmarketcap. (2018, 09 22). Global Charts. Retrieved from Coinmarket Cap: https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/
  • David Chaum Personal Webpage. (2018, 09 02). Project Page: Digicash. Retrieved from David Chaum Personal Webpage: https://www.chaum.com/ecash/
  • Eikmanns, B. (2015, 04 22). Bitcoin: The Next Revolution in International Payment Processing? An Empirical Analysis of Potential Use Cases. Munich: University of Munich.
  • FinCEN. (2013). Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering,Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies . Virginia: FinCEN.
  • finCEN. (2018, 10 5). Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Retrieved from Application of FinCEN's Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies: https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/guidance/application-fincens-regulations-persons-administering
  • Franco, P. (2015). Understanding Bitcoin Cryptography, Engineering and Economics. United Kingdom: Wiley Finance Series.
  • Hansen, S. (2018, 10 12). Guide To Top Cryptocurrency Exchanges. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2018/06/20/forbes-guide-to-cryptocurrency-exchanges/#7bb5f3732572
  • Hileman, G., & Rauchs, M. (2017). Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study. Oxford: University of Cambridge.
  • Hive Ex. (2018). Global Cryptocurrency Exchange Trends, Report & Statistics March 2018. Sydney: https://www.hiveex.com/hiveex-cryptocurrency-report.
  • Holub, M., & Johnson, J. (2018). Bitcoin research across disciplines,. The Information Society, VOL. 34, NO. 2,, 114-126.Huang, Z. (2018, 10 5). China’s central bank recruiting cryptography experts to help develop its own digital money. Retrieved from South China Morning Post:
  • https://www.scmp.com/tech/blockchain/article/2168142/chinas-central-bank-recruiting-cryptography-experts-help-develop-its
  • ING Bank. (2018). Cracking the code on cryptocurrency. Holland: Ipsos.
  • Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2012). Macroeconomics by Paul Krugman and Robin Wells. US: Worth Publishers.
  • Lagarde, C. (2018, 09 23). An Even-handed Approach to Crypto-Assets. Retrieved from IMF Blog: https://blogs.imf.org/2018/04/16/an-even-handed-approach-to-crypto-assets/
  • Lee, D., & Chuen, K. (2015). Handbook of Digital Currency. USA: Elsevier.
  • Nakamoto, S. ( 2008, 10 31). Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. www.cryptovest.co.uk.
  • Narayanan, A., & Clark, J. (2017, 12). Bitcoin's academic pedigree. Communications of the ACM , Volume 60 Issue 12, Pages 36-45.Rooney, K. (2018, 10 7). CNBC. Retrieved from Your guide to cryptocurrency regulations around the world and where they are headed:
  • https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/27/a-complete-guide-to-cyprocurrency-regulations-around-the-world.htmlRooney, K. (2018, 09 22). Goldman Sachs CFO says bank is working on bitcoin derivative for clients. Retrieved from CNBC:
  • https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/06/goldman-sachs-cfo-calls-reports-of-shutting-down-crypto-desk-fake-news.htmlSeba Swiss. (2018, 10 02). Retrieved from Seba Crypto AG: https://seba.swiss/
  • SEC. (2018, 10 7). Statement on Potentially Unlawful Online Platforms for Trading Digital Assets. Retrieved from U.S Securities And Exchange Commission: https://www.sec.gov/news/public-statement/enforcement-tm-statement-potentially-unlawful-online-platforms-trading
  • Vanian, J. (2010, 01 10). Microsoft Welcomes Back Bitcoin. Retrieved from Fortune: http://fortune.com/2018/01/10/microsoft-bitcoin-temporary-halt/
  • World Trade Organisation. (2018). World Trade Report 2018. Geneva: WTO. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/world_trade_report18_e_under_embargo.pdf
  • Yermack, D. (2013). IS BITCOIN A REAL CURRENCY? AN ECONOMIC APPRAISAL. Nber Working Paper Series.

KRİPTO PARALARIN DÜNYA VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ GÜNCEL DURUMU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2019, , 21 - 30, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.487419

Öz

Internet’in
bireyler tarafından benimsenmesi ile günümüzde birçok iş modeli internet
üzerine taşınmaktadır. Zaman ve maliyet tasarrufu ile bu dönüşüm bireyler ve
işletmeler için vazgeçilmez duruma gelmiştir. 2008 yılında Satoshi Nakamoto
takma adlı bir kişi veya grup tarafından önerilen Bitcoin ile birlikte bu süreç
farklılaşmaya başlamıştır. Kriptografik yapıların kullanıldığı bu yeni para
birimi ile birlikte ödeme işleminin temelinde yer alan merkezi yapı kavramı
dağıtık mimariye dönüşerek büyük bir değişim yaratmıştır. 2008 yılından bugüne
geçen süre içerisinde Bitcoin öncülüğünde temelde aynı kriptografi esasını
temel alan birçok farklı kripto para birimi ortaya çıkmıştır. Bitcoin
beraberinde getirdiği riskleri ile halen bir tartışma konusu olmakla birlikte
akademik ve akademik olmayan dünyada bu konuda birçok çalışmanın başlamasını
sağlamıştır. Dünya ile birlikte Türkiye de bu değişime hızlı adaptasyon
sağlamıştır. Henüz ödeme biçimi olarak resmi olarak kabul edilmemiş olsa
da 
hizmet veren online borsalar,
fiziksel kripto para büroları ile günlük hayata entegre olmaya başlamıştır. Bu
çalışmada Bitcoin’in tanımı yapılarak kripto para ekosisteminin tarihsel
gelişimi ve Dünya’da ve Türkiye’deki son gelişmeler incelenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez, J. (2018, 10 10). Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? We Look at The Possible Candidates. Retrieved from Blockonomi: https://blockonomi.com/who-is-satoshi-nakamoto/
  • Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. (2018, 9 4). Ödeme ve Menkul Kıymet Mutabakat Sistemler, Ödeme Hizmetleri ve Elektronik Para Kuruluşları Hakkında Kanun. Retrieved from Mevzuat: http://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.5.6493.pdf
  • BDDK. (2018, 9 5). Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. Retrieved from Elektronik Para Kuruluşları : http://www.bddk.org.tr/Kuruluslar-Kategori/Elektronik-Para-Kuruluslari/7
  • BDDK. (2018, 9 5). Basın açıklaması. Retrieved from Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu : http://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/duyuru_0512_01.pdf
  • Blockchain Size. (2018, 09 19). Retrieved from Blockchain: https://www.blockchain.com/tr/charts/blocks-size
  • Böhme, R., Christin, N., Edelman, B., & Moore, T. (2015). Bitcoin: Economics, Technology, and Governance. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 29, 213-238.
  • Burniske, C., & Tatar, J. (2018). Cryptoassets The Innovative Investor's Guide to Bitcoin and Beyond. US: McGraw-Hill Education.
  • Caentano, R. (2015). Learning Bitcoin. UK: Packt Publishing.
  • Çarkacıoğlu, D. A. (2016). Kripto-para Bitcoin. İstanbul: Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu Araştırma Dairesi.
  • Coinmap. (2018, 10 7). Coinmap word. Retrieved from Coinmap: https://coinmap.org/#/world/66.62684037/-24.23583984/2
  • Coinmarketcap. (2018, 09 22). Global Charts. Retrieved from Coinmarket Cap: https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/
  • David Chaum Personal Webpage. (2018, 09 02). Project Page: Digicash. Retrieved from David Chaum Personal Webpage: https://www.chaum.com/ecash/
  • Eikmanns, B. (2015, 04 22). Bitcoin: The Next Revolution in International Payment Processing? An Empirical Analysis of Potential Use Cases. Munich: University of Munich.
  • FinCEN. (2013). Application of FinCEN’s Regulations to Persons Administering,Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies . Virginia: FinCEN.
  • finCEN. (2018, 10 5). Financial Crimes Enforcement Network. Retrieved from Application of FinCEN's Regulations to Persons Administering, Exchanging, or Using Virtual Currencies: https://www.fincen.gov/resources/statutes-regulations/guidance/application-fincens-regulations-persons-administering
  • Franco, P. (2015). Understanding Bitcoin Cryptography, Engineering and Economics. United Kingdom: Wiley Finance Series.
  • Hansen, S. (2018, 10 12). Guide To Top Cryptocurrency Exchanges. Retrieved from Forbes: https://www.forbes.com/sites/sarahhansen/2018/06/20/forbes-guide-to-cryptocurrency-exchanges/#7bb5f3732572
  • Hileman, G., & Rauchs, M. (2017). Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study. Oxford: University of Cambridge.
  • Hive Ex. (2018). Global Cryptocurrency Exchange Trends, Report & Statistics March 2018. Sydney: https://www.hiveex.com/hiveex-cryptocurrency-report.
  • Holub, M., & Johnson, J. (2018). Bitcoin research across disciplines,. The Information Society, VOL. 34, NO. 2,, 114-126.Huang, Z. (2018, 10 5). China’s central bank recruiting cryptography experts to help develop its own digital money. Retrieved from South China Morning Post:
  • https://www.scmp.com/tech/blockchain/article/2168142/chinas-central-bank-recruiting-cryptography-experts-help-develop-its
  • ING Bank. (2018). Cracking the code on cryptocurrency. Holland: Ipsos.
  • Krugman, P., & Wells, R. (2012). Macroeconomics by Paul Krugman and Robin Wells. US: Worth Publishers.
  • Lagarde, C. (2018, 09 23). An Even-handed Approach to Crypto-Assets. Retrieved from IMF Blog: https://blogs.imf.org/2018/04/16/an-even-handed-approach-to-crypto-assets/
  • Lee, D., & Chuen, K. (2015). Handbook of Digital Currency. USA: Elsevier.
  • Nakamoto, S. ( 2008, 10 31). Bitcoin:A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. www.cryptovest.co.uk.
  • Narayanan, A., & Clark, J. (2017, 12). Bitcoin's academic pedigree. Communications of the ACM , Volume 60 Issue 12, Pages 36-45.Rooney, K. (2018, 10 7). CNBC. Retrieved from Your guide to cryptocurrency regulations around the world and where they are headed:
  • https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/27/a-complete-guide-to-cyprocurrency-regulations-around-the-world.htmlRooney, K. (2018, 09 22). Goldman Sachs CFO says bank is working on bitcoin derivative for clients. Retrieved from CNBC:
  • https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/06/goldman-sachs-cfo-calls-reports-of-shutting-down-crypto-desk-fake-news.htmlSeba Swiss. (2018, 10 02). Retrieved from Seba Crypto AG: https://seba.swiss/
  • SEC. (2018, 10 7). Statement on Potentially Unlawful Online Platforms for Trading Digital Assets. Retrieved from U.S Securities And Exchange Commission: https://www.sec.gov/news/public-statement/enforcement-tm-statement-potentially-unlawful-online-platforms-trading
  • Vanian, J. (2010, 01 10). Microsoft Welcomes Back Bitcoin. Retrieved from Fortune: http://fortune.com/2018/01/10/microsoft-bitcoin-temporary-halt/
  • World Trade Organisation. (2018). World Trade Report 2018. Geneva: WTO. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/publications_e/world_trade_report18_e_under_embargo.pdf
  • Yermack, D. (2013). IS BITCOIN A REAL CURRENCY? AN ECONOMIC APPRAISAL. Nber Working Paper Series.
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Barış Alnıaçık 0000-0003-3946-944X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Kasım 2018
Kabul Tarihi 3 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Alnıaçık, B. (2019). KRİPTO PARALARIN DÜNYA VE TÜRKİYE’DEKİ GÜNCEL DURUMU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, 2(4), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.487419
R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 

https://dergipark.org.tr/rs