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NEO-REALİST TEORİ IŞIĞINDA FRANSA’NIN BÜYÜK GÜÇ OLARAK YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Yıl 2020, , 270 - 286, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.769513

Öz

Güç kavramı birçok farklı düşünür, yazar ve akademisyen tarafından farklı şekilde ele alınan, üzerinde genel bir uzlaşının söz konusu olmadığı bir kavramdır. Bu kavram üzerinde uzlaşılamaması, alt kavramlar üzerinde de tartışmaları beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu makalede söz konusu tartışmalar üzerine çok fazla yoğunlaşmadan, seçilmiş tanımlamalar üzerinden Fransa’nın büyük güç olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesi esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada farklı teorik yaklaşımlar içinden neo-realist yaklaşımın güç kavramını ele alış biçimi teorik çerçeve olarak belirlenmiştir. Neo-realistlerin uluslararası sisteme yaptıkları vurgu ve bu nazarda devletlerin gücünü değerlendirmeleri; bu teorik çerçevenin kullanılmasını önemli hale getirmiştir. Neo-realizmin uluslararası sisteme yaptığı bu vurgu, bir ülkenin gücünü anlamanın en iyi yolunun sistemdeki diğer devletle karşılaştırma ile mümkün olduğu gerçeğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu nedenle, Fransa’nın güç değerlendirmesi yapılırken karşılaştırmalı bir yöntem izlenmiştir. Güç analizi yapılırken askeri, ekonomik ve teknolojik boyutlar ele alınmış ve Global Firepower indeksinden faydalanılmıştır. Bu üç boyut ele alınırken, neo-realist çerçeve ve 21. yüzyıl gerçekleri göz önüne alınmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Airportcodes.io. (2020): ‘’ Airport codes France 434 French airports (FRA)’’ https://airportcodes.io/en/country/france/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.09.2020).
  • Akçay, Ö. A. ve Erataş, F. (2015): ‘’Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Teorisinin Geçerliliği: G7 Örneği’’, İGÜSBD, 2 (1), 81-100.
  • Alderman, L. (2018): ‘’Macron Vowed to Make France a ‘Start-Up Nation.’ Is It Getting There?’’, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/business/emmanuel-macron-france-technology.html (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Ashley, R. K. (1984): “The Poverty of Neorealism,” International Organization, 38 (2):,225- 286.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2000): ‘’Klasik Örgütsel Güç Kuramlarından Clegg’in ‘Güç Devreleri’ Yaklaşımı”, Bilgi, 3(2), 109-122.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2012): Strategic Vision: America & the Crisis of Global Power, NY: Basic Books, 43–45.
  • Brooks S. G., Wohlforth, W. C. (2015): The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers in the Twenty-first Century: China’s Rise and the Fate of America’s Global Position, International Security, 40 (3), pp. 7–53.
  • Buzan, B. ve Waever, O. (2003): Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cartwright, D. and Zander, A. (1968): “Power and Influence in Groups: Introduction”, İçinde D. Cartwright and A. Zander (Ed.), Group Dynamics Research and Theory, New York: Harper&Row, 215-235.
  • Casetti, E. (2003): Power Shifts and Economic Development: When Will China Overtake the USA?, Journal of Peace Research, 40 (6), 661-675.
  • Corbet, S. (2016): ‘’ France creates National Guard to battle terrorism’’, Military Times. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2016/10/12/france-creates-national-guard-to-battle-terrorism/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 01.04.2020).
  • Çakır, A. (2015): ‘’Fransa’yı Sarsan Cihatçı Saldırılar’’, VOA. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/fransa-yi-sarsan-cihatci-saldirilar/3281211.html (Ziyaret tarihi: 01.04.2020).
  • Dinler, Z. (2006): İktisada Giriş, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, 326.
  • Delbecque, E. (2006): L’Europe puissance ou le rêve français ; chronique de la guerre des mondes, Paris: Editions des Syrtes, 49.
  • French Ministry for the Armed Forces (2018): ‘’2018 Key Figures Defence’’, www.defense.gouv.fr (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.09.2020)
  • Giter, M. S. ve Kılıçaslan, H. (2016): ‘’Kredi Derecelendirme ve Ortaya Çıkan Sorunlar’’, Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1), 61-81.
  • Glaser, C. L. (2011): “Why Unipolarity Doesn’t Matter (Much)”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 24 (2), 135.
  • Global Economy (2020a): ‘’High tech exports - Country rankings’’, https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/High_tech_exports/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Global Economy (2020b): ‘’Patent applications by residents - Country rankings’’, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD (Ziyaret tarihi: 31.03.2020).
  • Global Firepower. (2020): About Global Firepower. https://www.globalfirepower.com/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 31.03.2020).
  • Gove, P. B. (1981): Webster’s Third New International Dictonary, Massachusetts: Merriam Company.
  • Grieco, J. M. (1990): Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and Non- Tariff Barriers to Trade Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Hart, J. (1976): “Three Approaches to the Measurement of Power in International Relations”, International Organization, 30 (2), 289-303.
  • Hogg, M. A. and Vaughan, G. M. (2011): Sosyal Psikoloji, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Holsti, K. J. (1964): “The Concept of Power in the Study of International Relations,” Background, 7 (4), 179-194.
  • Insee (2020): ‘’Consommation de produits pétroliers’’, https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2119673 (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.09.2020).
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993): Men and Women of the Corporation, New York: BasicBooks.
  • Klieman, A. (2015): ‘’Introduction’’, içinde Klieman, A. (Ed.), Great Powers and Geopolitics: International Affairs in a Rebalancing World, Newyork: Springer, 1-10.
  • Le Gouvernement Français (2016): ‘’ La French Tech’’, https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/la-french-tech (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001): The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Morgenthau, H. (1985): Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Neumann, I. B. (2008): ‘’Russia as a great power, 1815–2007.’’, Journal of International Relations and Development, 11 (2), 128-151.
  • Northcraft, G. B. and Neale, M. A. (1990): Organizational Behavior, Orlando: Dryden Press.
  • Nye, J. (1990): “The Changing Nature of World Power”, Political Science Quarterly, 105(2), 177.
  • Olson M. ve Zeckhauser R. (1966): An economic theory of alliance, Review of Economics and Statistics, 48, pp. 266-279.
  • Özdemir, H. (2008): ‘’Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güç: Çok Boyutlu Bir Değerlendirme’’, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63 (3), 113-144.
  • Papayoanou, P. A. (1997): ‘’Great Powers and Regional Orders: Possibilities and Prospects After the Cold War’’, içinde Lake, D. and Morgan P. (Ed.), Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 125–139.
  • Pierre, B. (2011). ‘’La nouvelle grammaire de la puissance’’ /Raportör: Annick Steta, Revue des Deux Mondes, Röportaj, 21-37.
  • Raymond, A. (1962): Paix et Guerre entre les nations, Paris: Calmann-Lévy.
  • Trading Economics (2020): ‘’France - Credit Rating’’, https://tradingeconomics.com/france/rating (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.04.2020).
  • Waltz, K. (1979): Theory of International Relations, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Waltz, K. (1993): ‘’The Emerging Structure of International Politics’’, International Security, 18 (2), 50.
  • Weber, M. (1947): The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, New York: Oxfod University Press.
  • Webster, C. (1931): British Diplomacy 1813–1815: Selected Documents Dealing with the Reconciliation of Europe, London: G. Bell and Sons, 307.
  • World Bank (2019): ‘’GDP Ranking’’, https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/gdp-ranking (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.04.2020).

In The Light of the Neo-Realist Theory the Revaluation of France as Great Power

Yıl 2020, , 270 - 286, 31.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.769513

Öz

The concept of power is a concept that is handled differently by many different thinkers, writers and academics, without any general consensus. Failure to agree on this concept brought discussions on sub-concepts. In this article, it is based on the re-evaluation of France as a great power through selected definitions without too much focus on the discussions. In this study, the way of defining the concept of power of neo-realist approach among different theoretical approaches is determined as a theoretical framework. The emphasis of the neo-realists on the international system and the evaluation of the power of the states in this view made the use of this theoretical framework important. This emphasis of neo-realism on the international system reveals the fact that the best way to understand the power of a country is by comparison with the other state in the system. For this reason, a comparative method was followed while making power assessment of France. While analyzing power, military, economic and technological dimensions were discussed and Global Firepower index was used. When examining these three dimensions, the neo-realist framework and 21st century facts are taken into consideration.

Kaynakça

  • Airportcodes.io. (2020): ‘’ Airport codes France 434 French airports (FRA)’’ https://airportcodes.io/en/country/france/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.09.2020).
  • Akçay, Ö. A. ve Erataş, F. (2015): ‘’Satın Alma Gücü Paritesi Teorisinin Geçerliliği: G7 Örneği’’, İGÜSBD, 2 (1), 81-100.
  • Alderman, L. (2018): ‘’Macron Vowed to Make France a ‘Start-Up Nation.’ Is It Getting There?’’, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/business/emmanuel-macron-france-technology.html (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Ashley, R. K. (1984): “The Poverty of Neorealism,” International Organization, 38 (2):,225- 286.
  • Bayraktaroğlu, S. (2000): ‘’Klasik Örgütsel Güç Kuramlarından Clegg’in ‘Güç Devreleri’ Yaklaşımı”, Bilgi, 3(2), 109-122.
  • Brzezinski, Z. (2012): Strategic Vision: America & the Crisis of Global Power, NY: Basic Books, 43–45.
  • Brooks S. G., Wohlforth, W. C. (2015): The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers in the Twenty-first Century: China’s Rise and the Fate of America’s Global Position, International Security, 40 (3), pp. 7–53.
  • Buzan, B. ve Waever, O. (2003): Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cartwright, D. and Zander, A. (1968): “Power and Influence in Groups: Introduction”, İçinde D. Cartwright and A. Zander (Ed.), Group Dynamics Research and Theory, New York: Harper&Row, 215-235.
  • Casetti, E. (2003): Power Shifts and Economic Development: When Will China Overtake the USA?, Journal of Peace Research, 40 (6), 661-675.
  • Corbet, S. (2016): ‘’ France creates National Guard to battle terrorism’’, Military Times. https://www.militarytimes.com/news/pentagon-congress/2016/10/12/france-creates-national-guard-to-battle-terrorism/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 01.04.2020).
  • Çakır, A. (2015): ‘’Fransa’yı Sarsan Cihatçı Saldırılar’’, VOA. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/fransa-yi-sarsan-cihatci-saldirilar/3281211.html (Ziyaret tarihi: 01.04.2020).
  • Dinler, Z. (2006): İktisada Giriş, Bursa: Ekin Kitabevi Yayınları, 326.
  • Delbecque, E. (2006): L’Europe puissance ou le rêve français ; chronique de la guerre des mondes, Paris: Editions des Syrtes, 49.
  • French Ministry for the Armed Forces (2018): ‘’2018 Key Figures Defence’’, www.defense.gouv.fr (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.09.2020)
  • Giter, M. S. ve Kılıçaslan, H. (2016): ‘’Kredi Derecelendirme ve Ortaya Çıkan Sorunlar’’, Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2 (1), 61-81.
  • Glaser, C. L. (2011): “Why Unipolarity Doesn’t Matter (Much)”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 24 (2), 135.
  • Global Economy (2020a): ‘’High tech exports - Country rankings’’, https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/High_tech_exports/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Global Economy (2020b): ‘’Patent applications by residents - Country rankings’’, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IP.PAT.RESD (Ziyaret tarihi: 31.03.2020).
  • Global Firepower. (2020): About Global Firepower. https://www.globalfirepower.com/ (Ziyaret tarihi: 31.03.2020).
  • Gove, P. B. (1981): Webster’s Third New International Dictonary, Massachusetts: Merriam Company.
  • Grieco, J. M. (1990): Cooperation Among Nations: Europe, America, and Non- Tariff Barriers to Trade Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
  • Hart, J. (1976): “Three Approaches to the Measurement of Power in International Relations”, International Organization, 30 (2), 289-303.
  • Hogg, M. A. and Vaughan, G. M. (2011): Sosyal Psikoloji, Ankara: Ütopya Yayınevi.
  • Holsti, K. J. (1964): “The Concept of Power in the Study of International Relations,” Background, 7 (4), 179-194.
  • Insee (2020): ‘’Consommation de produits pétroliers’’, https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2119673 (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.09.2020).
  • Kanter, R. M. (1993): Men and Women of the Corporation, New York: BasicBooks.
  • Klieman, A. (2015): ‘’Introduction’’, içinde Klieman, A. (Ed.), Great Powers and Geopolitics: International Affairs in a Rebalancing World, Newyork: Springer, 1-10.
  • Le Gouvernement Français (2016): ‘’ La French Tech’’, https://www.gouvernement.fr/en/la-french-tech (Ziyaret tarihi: 10.04.2020).
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001): The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, New York: W.W. Norton.
  • Morgenthau, H. (1985): Politics Among Nations. The Struggle for Power and Peace, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Neumann, I. B. (2008): ‘’Russia as a great power, 1815–2007.’’, Journal of International Relations and Development, 11 (2), 128-151.
  • Northcraft, G. B. and Neale, M. A. (1990): Organizational Behavior, Orlando: Dryden Press.
  • Nye, J. (1990): “The Changing Nature of World Power”, Political Science Quarterly, 105(2), 177.
  • Olson M. ve Zeckhauser R. (1966): An economic theory of alliance, Review of Economics and Statistics, 48, pp. 266-279.
  • Özdemir, H. (2008): ‘’Uluslararası İlişkilerde Güç: Çok Boyutlu Bir Değerlendirme’’, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 63 (3), 113-144.
  • Papayoanou, P. A. (1997): ‘’Great Powers and Regional Orders: Possibilities and Prospects After the Cold War’’, içinde Lake, D. and Morgan P. (Ed.), Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 125–139.
  • Pierre, B. (2011). ‘’La nouvelle grammaire de la puissance’’ /Raportör: Annick Steta, Revue des Deux Mondes, Röportaj, 21-37.
  • Raymond, A. (1962): Paix et Guerre entre les nations, Paris: Calmann-Lévy.
  • Trading Economics (2020): ‘’France - Credit Rating’’, https://tradingeconomics.com/france/rating (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.04.2020).
  • Waltz, K. (1979): Theory of International Relations, New York: McGraw Hill.
  • Waltz, K. (1993): ‘’The Emerging Structure of International Politics’’, International Security, 18 (2), 50.
  • Weber, M. (1947): The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, New York: Oxfod University Press.
  • Webster, C. (1931): British Diplomacy 1813–1815: Selected Documents Dealing with the Reconciliation of Europe, London: G. Bell and Sons, 307.
  • World Bank (2019): ‘’GDP Ranking’’, https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/dataset/gdp-ranking (Ziyaret tarihi: 09.04.2020).
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Uluslararası İlişkiler
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Tevfik Karpuzcu 0000-0002-6383-2491

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2020
Kabul Tarihi 27 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Karpuzcu, T. (2020). NEO-REALİST TEORİ IŞIĞINDA FRANSA’NIN BÜYÜK GÜÇ OLARAK YENİDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, 3(4), 270-286. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.769513
R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 

https://dergipark.org.tr/rs