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Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andrus, B. C. (1969). The infamous of Nuremberg. London: Fravin.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1992). Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 175-208). New York: Plenum.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (I1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364- 374.
  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. E. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269.
  • Bernard, V., Ottenberg, P., & Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanization: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival (pp. 64-82). Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Bollinger, D. (1982). Language: The loaded weapon. London: Longman.
  • Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230.
  • Burus, T. R., & Dietz, T. (in press). Human agency and evolutionary processes: Institutional dynamics and social revolution. In B. Wittrock (Ed.), Agency in social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Butterfield, M. (1999, February 14). To rejuvenate gun sales, critics say, industry started making more powerful pistols. New York Times: International, p. 16.
  • CBS reportedly paid 2 fugitives. (1983, September 22). San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining Southern violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551-567.
  • Dedman, B. (1998, March 3). Executive says he's uncertain about tobacco harm. The New York Times, p. 16.
  • Diaz, T. (1999). Making a killing: The business of guns in America. New York: New Press.
  • Diener, E. (1977). Deindividuation: Causes and consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156.
  • Diener, E., Dineen, J., Endresen, K., Beaman, A. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1975). Effects of altered responsibility, cognitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 328-337.
  • Drew, C. (1998, December 23). RJR subsidiary pleads guilty to smuggling. The New York Times, p. A1.
  • Elliott, D. S., & Rhinehart, M. (1995). Moral disengagement, delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Gabor, T. (1994). Everybody does it: Crime by the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gambino, R. (1973, November/December). Watergate lingo: A language of non-responsibility. Freedom at Issue, 22, 7-9, 15-17.
  • Gibson, J. T., & Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1986, November). The education of a torturer. Psychology Today, 50-58.
  • Gillespie, W. H. (1971). Aggression and instinct theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 155- 160.
  • Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 797-808.
  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the holocaust. New York: Knopf.
  • Hallie, P. P. (1971). Justification and rebellion. In N. Sanford & C. Comstock (Eds.), Sanctions for evil (pp. 247-263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haney, C. (1997). Violence and the capital jury: Mechanisms of moral disengagement and the impulse to condemn to death. Stanford Law Review, 49, 1447-1486.
  • Haney, C., Banks W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.
  • Ivie, R. L. (1980). Images of savagery in American justifications for war. Communication Monographs, 47, 270-294.
  • Keen, S. (1986). Faces of the enemy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
  • Kelman, H. C., & Hamilton, V. L. (1989). Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kilham, W., & Mann, L. (1974). Level of destructive obedience as a function of transmitter and executant roles in the Milgram obedience paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 696-702.
  • Kipnis, D. (1974). The powerholders. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine.
  • Kramer, M. (1990). The moral logic of Hizballah. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 131-157). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwak, K., & Bandura, A. (1998). Role of perceived self-efficacy and moral disengagement in antisocial conduct. Unpublished manuscript, Osan College, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Levi, P. (1987). The drowned and the saved. New York: Summit.
  • Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • March, J. G. (1982). Theories of choice and making decisions. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 20, 29-39.
  • Marine, C. (1990, March). Death's doorman. San Francisco Examiner, p. B5.
  • McAlister, A. L., Ama, E., Barroro, C., Peters, R. J., & Kelder, S. (1999). Promoting tolerance and moral engagement through peer modeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
  • McGinnis, J. M., & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212.
  • McHugo, G. J., Smith, C. A., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1982). The structure of self-reports of emotional responses to film segments. Motivation and Emotion, 6, 365-385.
  • Meier, B. (1998a, February 23). Cigarette maker manipulated nicotine, its records suggest. The New York Times, pp. 1, A16.
  • Meier, B. (1998b, January 15). Files of R. J. Reynolds tobacco show effort on youths. The New York Times, p. A10.
  • Meier, B. (1998c, January 8). U.S. brings its first charges in the tobacco investigation. The New York Times, p. A17.
  • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality. New York: Free Press.
  • Public Citizen Health Research Group. (1993). The influence of tobacco money on the U.S. Congress. Health Letter, 9(11), 1-7.
  • Rapoport, D. C., & Alexander, Y. (Eds.). (1982). The morality of terrorism: Religious and secular justification. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Reich, W. (Ed.). (1990). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, A. 0. (1993). What it takes to be good. In G. Noam & T. E. Wren (Eds.), The moral self (pp. 28-55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sanday, P. R. (1997). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. In L. L. O'Toole & J. R. Schiffman (Eds.), Gender violence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 52-66). New York: New York University Press.
  • Skeyhill, T. (Ed.). (1928). Sergeant York: His own life story and war diary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1986, September). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and democracy: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1990). The psychopolitical formation of extememe left terrorism in a democracy: The case of the Weathermen. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 65-85). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, A. (1988). Quiet heroes. Toronto, Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys.
  • Thomas, A. (1982). Frank Terpil: Confessions of a dangerous man [Film]. (Available from Studio Film & Tape, Inc., New York)
  • Tilker, H. A. (1970). Socially responsible behavior as a function of observer responsibility and victim feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 95-100.
  • Zganjar, L. (1998, March 5). Forgotten hero of Mai Lai to be honored after 30 years. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A9.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andrus, B. C. (1969). The infamous of Nuremberg. London: Fravin.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1992). Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 175-208). New York: Plenum.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (I1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364- 374.
  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. E. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269.
  • Bernard, V., Ottenberg, P., & Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanization: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival (pp. 64-82). Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Bollinger, D. (1982). Language: The loaded weapon. London: Longman.
  • Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230.
  • Burus, T. R., & Dietz, T. (in press). Human agency and evolutionary processes: Institutional dynamics and social revolution. In B. Wittrock (Ed.), Agency in social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Butterfield, M. (1999, February 14). To rejuvenate gun sales, critics say, industry started making more powerful pistols. New York Times: International, p. 16.
  • CBS reportedly paid 2 fugitives. (1983, September 22). San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining Southern violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551-567.
  • Dedman, B. (1998, March 3). Executive says he's uncertain about tobacco harm. The New York Times, p. 16.
  • Diaz, T. (1999). Making a killing: The business of guns in America. New York: New Press.
  • Diener, E. (1977). Deindividuation: Causes and consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156.
  • Diener, E., Dineen, J., Endresen, K., Beaman, A. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1975). Effects of altered responsibility, cognitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 328-337.
  • Drew, C. (1998, December 23). RJR subsidiary pleads guilty to smuggling. The New York Times, p. A1.
  • Elliott, D. S., & Rhinehart, M. (1995). Moral disengagement, delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Gabor, T. (1994). Everybody does it: Crime by the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gambino, R. (1973, November/December). Watergate lingo: A language of non-responsibility. Freedom at Issue, 22, 7-9, 15-17.
  • Gibson, J. T., & Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1986, November). The education of a torturer. Psychology Today, 50-58.
  • Gillespie, W. H. (1971). Aggression and instinct theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 155- 160.
  • Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 797-808.
  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the holocaust. New York: Knopf.
  • Hallie, P. P. (1971). Justification and rebellion. In N. Sanford & C. Comstock (Eds.), Sanctions for evil (pp. 247-263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haney, C. (1997). Violence and the capital jury: Mechanisms of moral disengagement and the impulse to condemn to death. Stanford Law Review, 49, 1447-1486.
  • Haney, C., Banks W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.
  • Ivie, R. L. (1980). Images of savagery in American justifications for war. Communication Monographs, 47, 270-294.
  • Keen, S. (1986). Faces of the enemy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
  • Kelman, H. C., & Hamilton, V. L. (1989). Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kilham, W., & Mann, L. (1974). Level of destructive obedience as a function of transmitter and executant roles in the Milgram obedience paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 696-702.
  • Kipnis, D. (1974). The powerholders. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine.
  • Kramer, M. (1990). The moral logic of Hizballah. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 131-157). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwak, K., & Bandura, A. (1998). Role of perceived self-efficacy and moral disengagement in antisocial conduct. Unpublished manuscript, Osan College, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Levi, P. (1987). The drowned and the saved. New York: Summit.
  • Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • March, J. G. (1982). Theories of choice and making decisions. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 20, 29-39.
  • Marine, C. (1990, March). Death's doorman. San Francisco Examiner, p. B5.
  • McAlister, A. L., Ama, E., Barroro, C., Peters, R. J., & Kelder, S. (1999). Promoting tolerance and moral engagement through peer modeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
  • McGinnis, J. M., & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212.
  • McHugo, G. J., Smith, C. A., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1982). The structure of self-reports of emotional responses to film segments. Motivation and Emotion, 6, 365-385.
  • Meier, B. (1998a, February 23). Cigarette maker manipulated nicotine, its records suggest. The New York Times, pp. 1, A16.
  • Meier, B. (1998b, January 15). Files of R. J. Reynolds tobacco show effort on youths. The New York Times, p. A10.
  • Meier, B. (1998c, January 8). U.S. brings its first charges in the tobacco investigation. The New York Times, p. A17.
  • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality. New York: Free Press.
  • Public Citizen Health Research Group. (1993). The influence of tobacco money on the U.S. Congress. Health Letter, 9(11), 1-7.
  • Rapoport, D. C., & Alexander, Y. (Eds.). (1982). The morality of terrorism: Religious and secular justification. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Reich, W. (Ed.). (1990). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, A. 0. (1993). What it takes to be good. In G. Noam & T. E. Wren (Eds.), The moral self (pp. 28-55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sanday, P. R. (1997). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. In L. L. O'Toole & J. R. Schiffman (Eds.), Gender violence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 52-66). New York: New York University Press.
  • Skeyhill, T. (Ed.). (1928). Sergeant York: His own life story and war diary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1986, September). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and democracy: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1990). The psychopolitical formation of extememe left terrorism in a democracy: The case of the Weathermen. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 65-85). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, A. (1988). Quiet heroes. Toronto, Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys.
  • Thomas, A. (1982). Frank Terpil: Confessions of a dangerous man [Film]. (Available from Studio Film & Tape, Inc., New York)
  • Tilker, H. A. (1970). Socially responsible behavior as a function of observer responsibility and victim feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 95-100.
  • Zganjar, L. (1998, March 5). Forgotten hero of Mai Lai to be honored after 30 years. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A9.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andrus, B. C. (1969). The infamous of Nuremberg. London: Fravin.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1992). Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 175-208). New York: Plenum.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (I1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364- 374.
  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. E. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269.
  • Bernard, V., Ottenberg, P., & Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanization: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival (pp. 64-82). Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Bollinger, D. (1982). Language: The loaded weapon. London: Longman.
  • Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230.
  • Burus, T. R., & Dietz, T. (in press). Human agency and evolutionary processes: Institutional dynamics and social revolution. In B. Wittrock (Ed.), Agency in social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Butterfield, M. (1999, February 14). To rejuvenate gun sales, critics say, industry started making more powerful pistols. New York Times: International, p. 16.
  • CBS reportedly paid 2 fugitives. (1983, September 22). San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining Southern violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551-567.
  • Dedman, B. (1998, March 3). Executive says he's uncertain about tobacco harm. The New York Times, p. 16.
  • Diaz, T. (1999). Making a killing: The business of guns in America. New York: New Press.
  • Diener, E. (1977). Deindividuation: Causes and consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156.
  • Diener, E., Dineen, J., Endresen, K., Beaman, A. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1975). Effects of altered responsibility, cognitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 328-337.
  • Drew, C. (1998, December 23). RJR subsidiary pleads guilty to smuggling. The New York Times, p. A1.
  • Elliott, D. S., & Rhinehart, M. (1995). Moral disengagement, delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Gabor, T. (1994). Everybody does it: Crime by the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gambino, R. (1973, November/December). Watergate lingo: A language of non-responsibility. Freedom at Issue, 22, 7-9, 15-17.
  • Gibson, J. T., & Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1986, November). The education of a torturer. Psychology Today, 50-58.
  • Gillespie, W. H. (1971). Aggression and instinct theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 155- 160.
  • Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 797-808.
  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the holocaust. New York: Knopf.
  • Hallie, P. P. (1971). Justification and rebellion. In N. Sanford & C. Comstock (Eds.), Sanctions for evil (pp. 247-263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haney, C. (1997). Violence and the capital jury: Mechanisms of moral disengagement and the impulse to condemn to death. Stanford Law Review, 49, 1447-1486.
  • Haney, C., Banks W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.
  • Ivie, R. L. (1980). Images of savagery in American justifications for war. Communication Monographs, 47, 270-294.
  • Keen, S. (1986). Faces of the enemy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
  • Kelman, H. C., & Hamilton, V. L. (1989). Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kilham, W., & Mann, L. (1974). Level of destructive obedience as a function of transmitter and executant roles in the Milgram obedience paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 696-702.
  • Kipnis, D. (1974). The powerholders. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine.
  • Kramer, M. (1990). The moral logic of Hizballah. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 131-157). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwak, K., & Bandura, A. (1998). Role of perceived self-efficacy and moral disengagement in antisocial conduct. Unpublished manuscript, Osan College, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Levi, P. (1987). The drowned and the saved. New York: Summit.
  • Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • March, J. G. (1982). Theories of choice and making decisions. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 20, 29-39.
  • Marine, C. (1990, March). Death's doorman. San Francisco Examiner, p. B5.
  • McAlister, A. L., Ama, E., Barroro, C., Peters, R. J., & Kelder, S. (1999). Promoting tolerance and moral engagement through peer modeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
  • McGinnis, J. M., & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212.
  • McHugo, G. J., Smith, C. A., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1982). The structure of self-reports of emotional responses to film segments. Motivation and Emotion, 6, 365-385.
  • Meier, B. (1998a, February 23). Cigarette maker manipulated nicotine, its records suggest. The New York Times, pp. 1, A16.
  • Meier, B. (1998b, January 15). Files of R. J. Reynolds tobacco show effort on youths. The New York Times, p. A10.
  • Meier, B. (1998c, January 8). U.S. brings its first charges in the tobacco investigation. The New York Times, p. A17.
  • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality. New York: Free Press.
  • Public Citizen Health Research Group. (1993). The influence of tobacco money on the U.S. Congress. Health Letter, 9(11), 1-7.
  • Rapoport, D. C., & Alexander, Y. (Eds.). (1982). The morality of terrorism: Religious and secular justification. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Reich, W. (Ed.). (1990). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, A. 0. (1993). What it takes to be good. In G. Noam & T. E. Wren (Eds.), The moral self (pp. 28-55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sanday, P. R. (1997). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. In L. L. O'Toole & J. R. Schiffman (Eds.), Gender violence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 52-66). New York: New York University Press.
  • Skeyhill, T. (Ed.). (1928). Sergeant York: His own life story and war diary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1986, September). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and democracy: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1990). The psychopolitical formation of extememe left terrorism in a democracy: The case of the Weathermen. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 65-85). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, A. (1988). Quiet heroes. Toronto, Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys.
  • Thomas, A. (1982). Frank Terpil: Confessions of a dangerous man [Film]. (Available from Studio Film & Tape, Inc., New York)
  • Tilker, H. A. (1970). Socially responsible behavior as a function of observer responsibility and victim feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 95-100.
  • Zganjar, L. (1998, March 5). Forgotten hero of Mai Lai to be honored after 30 years. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A9.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Andrus, B. C. (1969). The infamous of Nuremberg. London: Fravin.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1992). Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 175-208). New York: Plenum.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (I1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364- 374.
  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. E. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269.
  • Bernard, V., Ottenberg, P., & Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanization: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival (pp. 64-82). Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Bollinger, D. (1982). Language: The loaded weapon. London: Longman.
  • Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230.
  • Burus, T. R., & Dietz, T. (in press). Human agency and evolutionary processes: Institutional dynamics and social revolution. In B. Wittrock (Ed.), Agency in social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Butterfield, M. (1999, February 14). To rejuvenate gun sales, critics say, industry started making more powerful pistols. New York Times: International, p. 16.
  • CBS reportedly paid 2 fugitives. (1983, September 22). San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining Southern violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551-567.
  • Dedman, B. (1998, March 3). Executive says he's uncertain about tobacco harm. The New York Times, p. 16.
  • Diaz, T. (1999). Making a killing: The business of guns in America. New York: New Press.
  • Diener, E. (1977). Deindividuation: Causes and consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156.
  • Diener, E., Dineen, J., Endresen, K., Beaman, A. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1975). Effects of altered responsibility, cognitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 328-337.
  • Drew, C. (1998, December 23). RJR subsidiary pleads guilty to smuggling. The New York Times, p. A1.
  • Elliott, D. S., & Rhinehart, M. (1995). Moral disengagement, delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Gabor, T. (1994). Everybody does it: Crime by the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gambino, R. (1973, November/December). Watergate lingo: A language of non-responsibility. Freedom at Issue, 22, 7-9, 15-17.
  • Gibson, J. T., & Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1986, November). The education of a torturer. Psychology Today, 50-58.
  • Gillespie, W. H. (1971). Aggression and instinct theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 155- 160.
  • Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 797-808.
  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the holocaust. New York: Knopf.
  • Hallie, P. P. (1971). Justification and rebellion. In N. Sanford & C. Comstock (Eds.), Sanctions for evil (pp. 247-263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haney, C. (1997). Violence and the capital jury: Mechanisms of moral disengagement and the impulse to condemn to death. Stanford Law Review, 49, 1447-1486.
  • Haney, C., Banks W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.
  • Ivie, R. L. (1980). Images of savagery in American justifications for war. Communication Monographs, 47, 270-294.
  • Keen, S. (1986). Faces of the enemy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
  • Kelman, H. C., & Hamilton, V. L. (1989). Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kilham, W., & Mann, L. (1974). Level of destructive obedience as a function of transmitter and executant roles in the Milgram obedience paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 696-702.
  • Kipnis, D. (1974). The powerholders. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine.
  • Kramer, M. (1990). The moral logic of Hizballah. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 131-157). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwak, K., & Bandura, A. (1998). Role of perceived self-efficacy and moral disengagement in antisocial conduct. Unpublished manuscript, Osan College, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Levi, P. (1987). The drowned and the saved. New York: Summit.
  • Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • March, J. G. (1982). Theories of choice and making decisions. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 20, 29-39.
  • Marine, C. (1990, March). Death's doorman. San Francisco Examiner, p. B5.
  • McAlister, A. L., Ama, E., Barroro, C., Peters, R. J., & Kelder, S. (1999). Promoting tolerance and moral engagement through peer modeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
  • McGinnis, J. M., & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212.
  • McHugo, G. J., Smith, C. A., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1982). The structure of self-reports of emotional responses to film segments. Motivation and Emotion, 6, 365-385.
  • Meier, B. (1998a, February 23). Cigarette maker manipulated nicotine, its records suggest. The New York Times, pp. 1, A16.
  • Meier, B. (1998b, January 15). Files of R. J. Reynolds tobacco show effort on youths. The New York Times, p. A10.
  • Meier, B. (1998c, January 8). U.S. brings its first charges in the tobacco investigation. The New York Times, p. A17.
  • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality. New York: Free Press.
  • Public Citizen Health Research Group. (1993). The influence of tobacco money on the U.S. Congress. Health Letter, 9(11), 1-7.
  • Rapoport, D. C., & Alexander, Y. (Eds.). (1982). The morality of terrorism: Religious and secular justification. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Reich, W. (Ed.). (1990). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, A. 0. (1993). What it takes to be good. In G. Noam & T. E. Wren (Eds.), The moral self (pp. 28-55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sanday, P. R. (1997). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. In L. L. O'Toole & J. R. Schiffman (Eds.), Gender violence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 52-66). New York: New York University Press.
  • Skeyhill, T. (Ed.). (1928). Sergeant York: His own life story and war diary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1986, September). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and democracy: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1990). The psychopolitical formation of extememe left terrorism in a democracy: The case of the Weathermen. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 65-85). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, A. (1988). Quiet heroes. Toronto, Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys.
  • Thomas, A. (1982). Frank Terpil: Confessions of a dangerous man [Film]. (Available from Studio Film & Tape, Inc., New York)
  • Tilker, H. A. (1970). Socially responsible behavior as a function of observer responsibility and victim feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 95-100.
  • Zganjar, L. (1998, March 5). Forgotten hero of Mai Lai to be honored after 30 years. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A9.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.

İnsanlık Dışı Suçlarda Ahlaki Uzaklaşma

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 48, 361 - 384, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Öz

Ahlaki faillik hem insanlık dışı davranmaktan kaçınma gücünde hem
de insanca davranmaya yönelik proaktif güçte kendini gösterir. Ahlaki
faillik kendi kendini organize eden, proaktif, kendini yansıtan ve öz yaptırımlarla ilgili kişisel standartlara dayanan öz-düzenleyici
mekanizmaları kapsayan geniş bir sosyobilişsel benlik teorisiyle
ilişkilidir. Ahlaki davranışı kontrol eden öz-düzenleyici mekanizmalar,
aktive edilmedikçe devreye girmezler ve ahlaki öz-yaptırımların
insanlık dışı davranışlardan seçici olarak ayrıldığı birçok psikososyal
manevra vardır. Ahlaki uzaklaşma2 ahlaki gerekçelendirme, aklayıcı bir
dil ve avantajlı karşılaştırma aracılığıyla insanlık dışı bir davranışın
değerli bir davranış ya da durum olarak bilişsel yeniden
yapılandırılması; sorumluluğun dağıtılması veya üstlenilmemesi
yoluyla bireysel faillik duygusunun benimsenmemesi; kişinin
davranışlarından doğan zararlı sonuçların etkilerinin önemsenmemesi
veya en aza indirgenmesi; suçun mağdurlara yüklenmesi ve
mağdurların insandışılaştırılması üzerine kuruludur. Birçok insanlık
dışı eylem, sorumluluğun dağıtılması ve işlevlerin bağlantısız alt
bölümlerinin üstlenilmesi yoluyla zararlı faaliyetlere katkı sağlayan
normalde düzgün insanların yürüttüğü meşru girişimlerden oluşan
birbirini destekleyici bir ağ vasıtasıyla işler. Ahlaki kontrolü devre dışı
bırakan birçok mekanizma göz önüne alındığında, medenice bir yaşam
kişisel insani standartlara ek olarak, şefkatli davranışı destekleyen ve
gaddarlığı reddeden, sosyal sistemlere yerleşik güvenceler gerektirir.

Kaynakça

  • Andrus, B. C. (1969). The infamous of Nuremberg. London: Fravin.
  • Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development: Theory, research and applications (Vol. 1, pp. 71-129). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
  • Bandura, A. (1992). Social cognitive theory of social referencing. In S. Feinman (Ed.), Social referencing and the social construction of reality in infancy (pp. 175-208). New York: Plenum.
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (I1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364- 374.
  • Bandura, A., Underwood, B., & Fromson, M. E. (1975). Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims. Journal of Research in Personality, 9, 253-269.
  • Bernard, V., Ottenberg, P., & Redl, F. (1965). Dehumanization: A composite psychological defense in relation to modern war. In M. Schwebel (Ed.), Behavioral science and human survival (pp. 64-82). Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.
  • Bollinger, D. (1982). Language: The loaded weapon. London: Longman.
  • Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural myths and support for rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 217-230.
  • Burus, T. R., & Dietz, T. (in press). Human agency and evolutionary processes: Institutional dynamics and social revolution. In B. Wittrock (Ed.), Agency in social theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Butterfield, M. (1999, February 14). To rejuvenate gun sales, critics say, industry started making more powerful pistols. New York Times: International, p. 16.
  • CBS reportedly paid 2 fugitives. (1983, September 22). San Francisco Chronicle.
  • Cohen, D., & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining Southern violence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551-567.
  • Dedman, B. (1998, March 3). Executive says he's uncertain about tobacco harm. The New York Times, p. 16.
  • Diaz, T. (1999). Making a killing: The business of guns in America. New York: New Press.
  • Diener, E. (1977). Deindividuation: Causes and consequences. Social Behavior and Personality, 5, 143-156.
  • Diener, E., Dineen, J., Endresen, K., Beaman, A. L., & Fraser, S. C. (1975). Effects of altered responsibility, cognitive set, and modeling on physical aggression and deindividuation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31, 328-337.
  • Drew, C. (1998, December 23). RJR subsidiary pleads guilty to smuggling. The New York Times, p. A1.
  • Elliott, D. S., & Rhinehart, M. (1995). Moral disengagement, delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. Unpublished manuscript, University of Colorado, Institute of Behavioral Science.
  • Gabor, T. (1994). Everybody does it: Crime by the public. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
  • Gambino, R. (1973, November/December). Watergate lingo: A language of non-responsibility. Freedom at Issue, 22, 7-9, 15-17.
  • Gibson, J. T., & Haritos-Fatouros, M. (1986, November). The education of a torturer. Psychology Today, 50-58.
  • Gillespie, W. H. (1971). Aggression and instinct theory. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 52, 155- 160.
  • Gilovich, T. (1981). Seeing the past in the present: The effect of associations to familiar events on judgments and decisions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 797-808.
  • Goldhagen, D. J. (1996). Hitler's willing executioners: Ordinary Germans and the holocaust. New York: Knopf.
  • Hallie, P. P. (1971). Justification and rebellion. In N. Sanford & C. Comstock (Eds.), Sanctions for evil (pp. 247-263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Haney, C. (1997). Violence and the capital jury: Mechanisms of moral disengagement and the impulse to condemn to death. Stanford Law Review, 49, 1447-1486.
  • Haney, C., Banks W. C., & Zimbardo, P. G. (1973). Interpersonal Dynamics in a simulated prison. International Journal of Criminology & Penology, 1, 69-97.
  • Ivie, R. L. (1980). Images of savagery in American justifications for war. Communication Monographs, 47, 270-294.
  • Keen, S. (1986). Faces of the enemy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Kelman, H. C. (1973). Violence without moral restraint: Reflections on the dehumanization of victims and victimizers. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 25-61.
  • Kelman, H. C., & Hamilton, V. L. (1989). Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Kilham, W., & Mann, L. (1974). Level of destructive obedience as a function of transmitter and executant roles in the Milgram obedience paradigm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29, 696-702.
  • Kipnis, D. (1974). The powerholders. In J. T. Tedeschi (Ed.), Perspectives on social power (pp. 82-122). Chicago: Aldine.
  • Kramer, M. (1990). The moral logic of Hizballah. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 131-157). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwak, K., & Bandura, A. (1998). Role of perceived self-efficacy and moral disengagement in antisocial conduct. Unpublished manuscript, Osan College, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85, 1030-1051.
  • Levi, P. (1987). The drowned and the saved. New York: Summit.
  • Lynch, B. S., & Bonnie, R. J. (Eds.). (1994). Growing up tobacco free: Preventing nicotine addiction in children and youths. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • March, J. G. (1982). Theories of choice and making decisions. Transaction: Social Science and Modern Society, 20, 29-39.
  • Marine, C. (1990, March). Death's doorman. San Francisco Examiner, p. B5.
  • McAlister, A. L., Ama, E., Barroro, C., Peters, R. J., & Kelder, S. (1999). Promoting tolerance and moral engagement through peer modeling. Unpublished manuscript, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.
  • McGinnis, J. M., & Foege, W. H. (1993). Actual causes of death in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 270, 2207-2212.
  • McHugo, G. J., Smith, C. A., & Lanzetta, J. T. (1982). The structure of self-reports of emotional responses to film segments. Motivation and Emotion, 6, 365-385.
  • Meier, B. (1998a, February 23). Cigarette maker manipulated nicotine, its records suggest. The New York Times, pp. 1, A16.
  • Meier, B. (1998b, January 15). Files of R. J. Reynolds tobacco show effort on youths. The New York Times, p. A10.
  • Meier, B. (1998c, January 8). U.S. brings its first charges in the tobacco investigation. The New York Times, p. A17.
  • Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Nisbett, R., & Ross, L. (1980). Human inference: Strategies and shortcomings of social judgment. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Oliner, S. P., & Oliner, P. M. (1988). The altruistic personality. New York: Free Press.
  • Public Citizen Health Research Group. (1993). The influence of tobacco money on the U.S. Congress. Health Letter, 9(11), 1-7.
  • Rapoport, D. C., & Alexander, Y. (Eds.). (1982). The morality of terrorism: Religious and secular justification. Elmsford, NY: Pergamon.
  • Reich, W. (Ed.). (1990). Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Rorty, A. 0. (1993). What it takes to be good. In G. Noam & T. E. Wren (Eds.), The moral self (pp. 28-55). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Sanday, P. R. (1997). The socio-cultural context of rape: A cross-cultural study. In L. L. O'Toole & J. R. Schiffman (Eds.), Gender violence: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 52-66). New York: New York University Press.
  • Skeyhill, T. (Ed.). (1928). Sergeant York: His own life story and war diary. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1986, September). Fundamentalism, terrorism, and democracy: The case of the Gush Emunim underground. Paper presented at the Woodrow Wilson Center, Washington, DC.
  • Sprinzak, E. (1990). The psychopolitical formation of extememe left terrorism in a democracy: The case of the Weathermen. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of terrorism: Psychologies, ideologies, theologies, states of mind (pp. 65-85). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
  • Stein, A. (1988). Quiet heroes. Toronto, Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys.
  • Thomas, A. (1982). Frank Terpil: Confessions of a dangerous man [Film]. (Available from Studio Film & Tape, Inc., New York)
  • Tilker, H. A. (1970). Socially responsible behavior as a function of observer responsibility and victim feedback. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 14, 95-100.
  • Zganjar, L. (1998, March 5). Forgotten hero of Mai Lai to be honored after 30 years. San Francisco Chronicle, p. A9.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
  • Zimbardo, P. G. (1995). The psychology of evil: A situationist perspective on recruiting good people to engage in anti-social acts. Research in Social Psychology, 11, 125-133.
Toplam 66 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Psikoloji
Bölüm Çeviri/Translation
Yazarlar

Albert Bandura Bu kişi benim

Çevirmenler

Ali Koçak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 48

Kaynak Göster

APA Bandura, A. (2022). İnsanlık Dışı Suçlarda Ahlaki Uzaklaşma (A. Koçak, çev.). Selçuk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi(48), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.21497/sefad.1218622

Selcuk University Journal of Faculty of Letters will start accepting articles for 2025 issues on Dergipark as of September 15, 2024.