Araştırma Makalesi
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EXERCISE AND ENJOYMENT: A SCALE ADAPTATION STUDY FOR ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS ATHLETES

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 93 - 104, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1183236

Öz

This study examines the Turkish adaptation and psychometric properties of the Exercise Enjoyment scale for adult and adolescent athletes including 330 adolescent athletes (female n = 181; age = 14.8 ± 2.2; age of athletes = 4.5 ± 6.0 and male n = 149; age = 14.2 ± 2.3; age of athletes = 4.5 ± 2.6) and 200 actively athletes of different sports. A total of 530 adolescent and adult athletes, who were adult athletes (female n = 71; age = 21.9 ± 3.0; experience = 8.5 ± 4.6 and male n = 129; age = 24.1 ± 5.1; experience = 9.0 ± 6.8), participated voluntarily. The Exercise Enjoyment scale is a bipolar measurement tool used to measure the participants' enjoyment level during the exercise, consisting of eight (8) items and a single factor structure. According to the confirmatory factor analysis results of the research findings, the fit indices of the adolescent form (χ2/sd=4.106; p<.01, SRMR=.045, RMESA=.097, GFI=.95, IFI=.96, CFI=.96 and NFI=.95) and the fit index values of the adult form (χ2/sd=2.431; p<.01, SRMR=.048, RMESA=.085, GFI=.94, IFI=.95, CFI=.94 and NFI=.91). As a result of the current study, the exercise enjoyment scale may be utilized as a valid and accurate measurement tool for the adult and adolescent athlete population to assess the level of enjoyment from exercise during exercise.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, E., Kilit, B., Clemente, F. M., Murawska-Ciałowicz, E., Soylu, Y., Sogut, M., … Silva, A. F. (2022). Effects of Small-Sided Games Training versus High-Intensity Interval Training Approaches in Young Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052931
  • Arslan, E., Kilit, B., Clemente, F. M., Soylu, Y., Sögüt, M., Badicu, G., … Murawska-Ciałowicz, E. (2021). The Effects of Exercise Order on the Psychophysiological Responses, Physical and Technical Performances of Young Soccer Players: Combined Small-Sided Games and High-Intensity Interval Training. Biology, 10(11), 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111180
  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapisal Esitlik Modellemesine Giris. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Berger, B. G. (1996). Psychological Benefits of an Active Lifestyle: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Quest, 48(3), 330–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1996.10484201
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470–483.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203805534
  • Çelik, H. E., & Yılmaz, V. (2013). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi temel kavramlar uygulamalar programlama. Ankara: Anı.
  • Chung, P.-K., & Leung, K.-M. (2019). Psychometric Properties of Eight-Item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in a Chinese Population. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 27(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0212
  • Dunton, G. F., Tscherne, J., & Rodriguez, D. (2009). Factorial Validity and Gender Invariance of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in Older Adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.5641/027013609X13087704027832
  • Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The Pleasure and Displeasure People Feel When they Exercise at Different Intensities. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 641–671. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000
  • European Commission. (2018). Special Eurobarometer 472 Report — Sport and Physical Activity. Luxembourg: European Comission.
  • Garcia-Mas, A., Palou, P., Gili, M., Ponseti, X., Borras, P. A., Vidal, J., … Sousa, C. (2010). Commitment, Enjoyment and Motivation in Young Soccer Competitive Players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600002286
  • Gardner, L. A., Magee, C. A., & Vella, S. A. (2017). Enjoyment and Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation and Dropout. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 14(11), 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0572
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step. In IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315545899
  • Greene, D. R., Greenlee, T. A., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2018). That feeling I get: Examination of the exercise intensity-affect-enjoyment relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35(November 2017), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.10.009
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huhtiniemi, M., Sääkslahti, A., Watt, A., & Jaakkola, T. (2019). Associations among Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation and Enjoyment within Finnish Physical Education Students. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(2), 239–247. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31191093
  • Hyodo, K., Suwabe, K., Yamaguchi, D., Soya, H., & Arao, T. (2021). Comparison Between the Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Light-Intensity Aerobic Dance Exercise on Mood and Executive Functions in Older Adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.723243
  • Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.1.50
  • Kendzierski, D., Furr, R. M., & Schiavoni, J. (1998). Physical Activity Self-Definitions: Correlates and Perceived Criteria. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.2.176
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Kong, Z., Fan, X., Sun, S., Song, L., Shi, Q., & Nie, J. (2016). Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-to-Vigorous Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Health and Exercise Enjoyment in Obese Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0158589. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158589
  • Kong, Z., Hu, M., Liu, Y., Shi, Q., Zou, L., Sun, S., … Nie, J. (2020). Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training with Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight Young Women. Nutrients, 12(2), 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020442
  • Leslie, E., Owen, N., Salmon, J., Bauman, A., Sallis, J. F., & Lo, S. K. (1999). Insufficiently Active Australian College Students: Perceived Personal, Social, and Environmental Influences. Preventive Medicine, 28(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0375
  • Mardia, K. V. (1985). Estimation for spatial linear model with generalized covariances through generalized inverses. Leeds: Tech. Report 2. Dept. of Statistics, University of Leeds.
  • Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay.
  • Moore, J. B., Yin, Z., Hanes, J., Duda, J., Gutin, B., & Barbeau, P. (2009). Measuring Enjoyment of Physical Activity in Children: Validation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(sup1), S116–S129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200802593612
  • Motl, R. W., Berger, B. G., & Leuschen, P. S. (2000). The role of enjoyment in the exercise-mood relationship. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(3), 347–363.
  • Motl, Robert W., Dishman, R. K., Saunders, R., Dowda, M., Felton, G., & Pate, R. R. (2001). Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(2), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00326-9
  • Moustaka, F. C., Vlachopoulos, S. P., Vazou, S., Kaperoni, M., & Markland, D. A. (2010). Initial Validity Evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 Among Greek Exercise Participants. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000036
  • Nielsen, G., Wikman, J. M., Jensen, C. J., Schmidt, J. F., Gliemann, L., & Andersen, T. R. (2014). Health promotion: The impact of beliefs of health benefits, social relations and enjoyment on exercise continuation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(SUPPL.1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12275
  • Nunnaly, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory ((3rd ed.)). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Olney, N., Wertz, T., LaPorta, Z., Mora, A., Serbas, J., & Astorino, T. A. (2018). Comparison of Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses Between Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise and Three Regimes of High-Intensity Interval Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2130–2138. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002154
  • Paxton, R. J., Nigg, C., Motl, R. W., Yamashita, M., Chung, R., Battista, J., & Chang, J. (2008). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale Short Form—Does It Fit for Children? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599508
  • Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25, 1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581
  • Picorelli, A. M. A., Pereira, L. S. M., Pereira, D. S., Felício, D., & Sherrington, C. (2014). Adherence to exercise programs for older people is influenced by program characteristics and personal factors: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 60(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2014.06.012
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EGZERSİZ VE KEYİF: ERGEN VE YETİŞKİN SPORCULAR İÇİN ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 93 - 104, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1183236

Öz

Bu araştırma, egzersizden alınan keyif düzeyini ölçmek için egzersiz keyif ölçeğinin yetişkin ve ergen sporcular için Türkçe uyarlaması ve psikometrik özelliklerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırmaya, aktif olarak çeşitli branşlarda spor yapan 330 ergen sporcu (kadın n = 181; yaş = 14,8 ± 2,2; sporcu yaşı = 4,5 ± 6,0 ve erkek n = 149; yaş=14,2 ± 2,3; sporcu yaşı = 4,5 ± 2,6) ve 200 yetişkin sporcu (kadın n = 71; yaş = 21,9 ± 3,0; sporcu yaşı = 8,5 ± 4,6 ve erkek n = 129; yaş = 24,1 ± 5,1; sporcu yaşı = 9,0 ± 6,8) olan toplamda 530 ergen ve yetişkin sporcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Egzersiz Keyfi ölçme aracı sekiz (8) madde ve tek faktörlü bir yapıdan oluşan egzersiz sırasında katılımcıların keyif düzeyini ölçmek için kullanılan bir bipolar ölçme aracıdır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre yapılan doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucuna göre egzersiz keyfi ergen formunda tespit edilen uyum indeksleri (χ2/sd=4.106; p<.01, SRMR=.045, RMESA=.097, GFI=.95, IFI=.96, CFI=.96 ve NFI=.95) ve egzersiz keyfi yetişkin formunda tespit edilen uyum indeks değerlerinin de (χ2/sd=2.431; p<.01, SRMR=.048, RMESA=.085, GFI=.94, IFI=.95, CFI=.94 ve NFI=.91) olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, egzersiz keyfi ölçme aracı yetişkin ve ergen sporcular için egzersiz sırasında, egzersizden alınan keyif duygusunun ölçülebilmesi için egzersiz ve spor alanında geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak araştırmacılar ve spor bilimciler tarafından kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan, E., Kilit, B., Clemente, F. M., Murawska-Ciałowicz, E., Soylu, Y., Sogut, M., … Silva, A. F. (2022). Effects of Small-Sided Games Training versus High-Intensity Interval Training Approaches in Young Basketball Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052931
  • Arslan, E., Kilit, B., Clemente, F. M., Soylu, Y., Sögüt, M., Badicu, G., … Murawska-Ciałowicz, E. (2021). The Effects of Exercise Order on the Psychophysiological Responses, Physical and Technical Performances of Young Soccer Players: Combined Small-Sided Games and High-Intensity Interval Training. Biology, 10(11), 1180. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10111180
  • Bayram, N. (2013). Yapisal Esitlik Modellemesine Giris. Bursa: Ezgi Kitabevi.
  • Berger, B. G. (1996). Psychological Benefits of an Active Lifestyle: What We Know and What We Need to Know. Quest, 48(3), 330–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1996.10484201
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2002). Faktör analizi: Temel kavramlar ve ölçek geliştirmede kullanımı. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 32(32), 470–483.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2013). Structural Equation Modeling With AMOS. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203805534
  • Çelik, H. E., & Yılmaz, V. (2013). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi temel kavramlar uygulamalar programlama. Ankara: Anı.
  • Chung, P.-K., & Leung, K.-M. (2019). Psychometric Properties of Eight-Item Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in a Chinese Population. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 27(1), 61–66. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2017-0212
  • Dunton, G. F., Tscherne, J., & Rodriguez, D. (2009). Factorial Validity and Gender Invariance of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in Older Adolescents. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80(1), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.5641/027013609X13087704027832
  • Ekkekakis, P., Parfitt, G., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2011). The Pleasure and Displeasure People Feel When they Exercise at Different Intensities. Sports Medicine, 41(8), 641–671. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000
  • European Commission. (2018). Special Eurobarometer 472 Report — Sport and Physical Activity. Luxembourg: European Comission.
  • Garcia-Mas, A., Palou, P., Gili, M., Ponseti, X., Borras, P. A., Vidal, J., … Sousa, C. (2010). Commitment, Enjoyment and Motivation in Young Soccer Competitive Players. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 609–616. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600002286
  • Gardner, L. A., Magee, C. A., & Vella, S. A. (2017). Enjoyment and Behavioral Intention Predict Organized Youth Sport Participation and Dropout. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 14(11), 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2016-0572
  • George, D., & Mallery, P. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step. In IBM SPSS Statistics 23 Step by Step. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315545899
  • Greene, D. R., Greenlee, T. A., & Petruzzello, S. J. (2018). That feeling I get: Examination of the exercise intensity-affect-enjoyment relationship. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 35(November 2017), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.10.009
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
  • Huhtiniemi, M., Sääkslahti, A., Watt, A., & Jaakkola, T. (2019). Associations among Basic Psychological Needs, Motivation and Enjoyment within Finnish Physical Education Students. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 18(2), 239–247. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31191093
  • Hyodo, K., Suwabe, K., Yamaguchi, D., Soya, H., & Arao, T. (2021). Comparison Between the Effects of Continuous and Intermittent Light-Intensity Aerobic Dance Exercise on Mood and Executive Functions in Older Adults. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 13(September), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.723243
  • Kendzierski, D., & DeCarlo, K. J. (1991). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale: Two Validation Studies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.13.1.50
  • Kendzierski, D., Furr, R. M., & Schiavoni, J. (1998). Physical Activity Self-Definitions: Correlates and Perceived Criteria. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20(2), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.20.2.176
  • Kline, R. B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
  • Kong, Z., Fan, X., Sun, S., Song, L., Shi, Q., & Nie, J. (2016). Comparison of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-to-Vigorous Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Health and Exercise Enjoyment in Obese Young Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0158589. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158589
  • Kong, Z., Hu, M., Liu, Y., Shi, Q., Zou, L., Sun, S., … Nie, J. (2020). Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training with Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight Young Women. Nutrients, 12(2), 442. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020442
  • Leslie, E., Owen, N., Salmon, J., Bauman, A., Sallis, J. F., & Lo, S. K. (1999). Insufficiently Active Australian College Students: Perceived Personal, Social, and Environmental Influences. Preventive Medicine, 28(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0375
  • Mardia, K. V. (1985). Estimation for spatial linear model with generalized covariances through generalized inverses. Leeds: Tech. Report 2. Dept. of Statistics, University of Leeds.
  • Meydan, C. H., & Şeşen, H. (2011). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları. Ankara: Detay.
  • Moore, J. B., Yin, Z., Hanes, J., Duda, J., Gutin, B., & Barbeau, P. (2009). Measuring Enjoyment of Physical Activity in Children: Validation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 21(sup1), S116–S129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200802593612
  • Motl, R. W., Berger, B. G., & Leuschen, P. S. (2000). The role of enjoyment in the exercise-mood relationship. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(3), 347–363.
  • Motl, Robert W., Dishman, R. K., Saunders, R., Dowda, M., Felton, G., & Pate, R. R. (2001). Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in adolescent girls. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 21(2), 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00326-9
  • Moustaka, F. C., Vlachopoulos, S. P., Vazou, S., Kaperoni, M., & Markland, D. A. (2010). Initial Validity Evidence for the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2 Among Greek Exercise Participants. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(4), 269–276. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000036
  • Nielsen, G., Wikman, J. M., Jensen, C. J., Schmidt, J. F., Gliemann, L., & Andersen, T. R. (2014). Health promotion: The impact of beliefs of health benefits, social relations and enjoyment on exercise continuation. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 24(SUPPL.1), 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12275
  • Nunnaly, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory ((3rd ed.)). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Olney, N., Wertz, T., LaPorta, Z., Mora, A., Serbas, J., & Astorino, T. A. (2018). Comparison of Acute Physiological and Psychological Responses Between Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise and Three Regimes of High-Intensity Interval Training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(8), 2130–2138. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002154
  • Paxton, R. J., Nigg, C., Motl, R. W., Yamashita, M., Chung, R., Battista, J., & Chang, J. (2008). Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale Short Form—Does It Fit for Children? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 79(3), 423–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2008.10599508
  • Pedersen, B. K., & Saltin, B. (2015). Exercise as medicine - evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25, 1–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12581
  • Picorelli, A. M. A., Pereira, L. S. M., Pereira, D. S., Felício, D., & Sherrington, C. (2014). Adherence to exercise programs for older people is influenced by program characteristics and personal factors: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 60(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphys.2014.06.012
  • Raedeke, T. D. (2007). The Relationship Between Enjoyment and Affective Responses to Exercise. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200601113638
  • Rhodes, R. E., & Kates, A. (2015). Can the Affective Response to Exercise Predict Future Motives and Physical Activity Behavior? A Systematic Review of Published Evidence. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 49(5), 715–731. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-015-9704-5 Ruby, M. B., Dunn, E. W., Perrino, A., Gillis, R., & Viel, S. (2011). The invisible benefits of exercise. Health Psychology, 30(1), 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021859
  • Sansone, P., Tessitore, A., Lukonaitiene, I., Paulauskas, H., Tschan, H., & Conte, D. (2020). Technical-tactical profile, perceived exertion, mental demands and enjoyment of different tactical tasks and training regimes in basketball small-sided games. Biology of Sport, 37(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.89937
  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8(2), 23–74.
  • Soylu, Y., Arslan, E., Sogut, M., Kilit, B., & Clemente, F. (2021). Effects of self-paced high-intensity interval training and moderateintensity continuous training on the physical performance and psychophysiological responses in recreationally active young adults. Biology of Sport, 38(4), 555–562. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2021.100359
  • Soylu, Y., Ramazanoglu, F., Arslan, E., & Clemente, F. (2022). Effects of mental fatigue on the psychophysiological responses, kinematic profiles, and technical performance in different small-sided soccer games. Biology of Sport, 39(4), 965–972. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2022.110746
  • Steiger, J. H. (2000). Point Estimation, Hypothesis Testing, and Interval Estimation Using the RMSEA: Some Comments and a Reply to Hayduk and Glaser. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 7(2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0702_1
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences (5th Editio). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203843130
  • Stutts, W. C. (2002). Physical Activity Determinants in Adults. AAOHN Journal, 50(11), 499–507. https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990205001106
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3(6), 74–79.
  • Tanzer, N. K., & Sim, C. Q. E. (1999). Adapting Instruments for Use in Multiple Languages and Cultures: A Review of the ITC Guidelines for Test Adaptations. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.15.3.258
  • Teixeira, D. S., Rodrigues, F., Machado, S., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2021). Did You Enjoy It? The Role of Intensity-Trait Preference/Tolerance in Basic Psychological Needs and Exercise Enjoyment. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(June). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.682480
  • Thompson, B. (2004). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis: Understanding concepts and applications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Thum, J. S., Parsons, G., Whittle, T., & Astorino, T. A. (2017). High-Intensity Interval Training Elicits Higher Enjoyment than Moderate Intensity Continuous Exercise. PLOS ONE, 12(1), e0166299. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166299
  • van de Vijver, F., & Tanzer, N. K. (2004). Bias and equivalence in cross-cultural assessment: an overview. European Review of Applied Psychology, 54(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2003.12.004
  • Wankel, L. M. (1993). The importance of enjoyment to adherence and psychological benefits from physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24(2), 151–169.
  • Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCO.0000000000000437
  • Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Ciccolo, J. T., Lewis, B. A., Albrecht, A. E., & Marcus, B. H. (2008). Acute affective response to a moderate-intensity exercise stimulus predicts physical activity participation 6 and 12 months later. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 9(3), 231–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.04.002
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Yusuf Soylu 0000-0003-0609-0601

Erşan Arslan 0000-0002-2933-6937

Bülent Kilit 0000-0002-9061-0691

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Mart 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Soylu, Y., Arslan, E., & Kilit, B. (2023). EGZERSİZ VE KEYİF: ERGEN VE YETİŞKİN SPORCULAR İÇİN ÖLÇEK UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1), 93-104. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1183236

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