Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

ALTYAPI FUTBOL OYUNCULARININ MEVKİLERİNE GÖRE PROBLEM ÇÖZME, DİKKAT VE MOTİVASYON DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 117 - 134, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1255645

Öz

Öz: Genç futbolcuların potansiyellerine ulaşmalarını sağlayabilmek adına mevkilerinin gerektirdiği fiziksel-fizyolojik özellikler ile birlikte bilişsel ve duyuşsal özelliklerinin de incelenmesi önemlidir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, futbol altyapı oyuncularının problem çözme, dikkat ve motivasyon düzeylerinin oynadıkları mevkilere göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Araştırma, Ege Bölgesinde profesyonel futbol takımlarının altyapılarında oynayan, 14-19 yaşları arasındaki 217 erkek (XYaş=16.01) futbolcu ile yapılmıştır. Futbolculara, Problem Çözme Envanteri, d2 Dikkat Testi ve Sporda Güdülenme Ölçeği, antrenmandan önce antrenörün olmadığı bir ortamda uygulanmıştır. Kruskal Wallis Varyans Analizi ile her bir değişkenin, oyuncuların mevkilerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı incelenmiş, Tamhane Testi ile çoklu karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Farklı mevkilerde oynayan altyapı oyuncularının problem çözme ve motivasyon düzeyleri arasında mevkilerine göre anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Stoperlerin konsantrasyon performansları sağ/sol forvet oyuncularınınkinden anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur. Antrenörlere altyapı oyuncularının problem çözme becerilerini geliştirecek ve içsel motivasyonlarını artıracak antrenman programları tasarlamaları önerilmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok.

Proje Numarası

Yok.

Teşekkür

Yok.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahipour, R., Wulf, G., Psotta, R., & Palomo Nieto, M. (2015). Performance of a gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 1807–1813. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1012102
  • Abernethy, B. (1993). Attention. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology New York: Macmillan. p. 127–170.
  • Akın, M., Kıreker, İ., & Köklü, Y. (2009). Comparison of 16-yearold group Professional league soccer players' some physical characteristics in terms of their league level and positions. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 1(2), 72-78.25
  • Aksum, K. M., Pokolm, M., Bjørndal, C. T., Rein, R., Memmert, D., & Jordet, G. (2021). Scanning activity in elite youth football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(21), 2401-2410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1935115
  • Alagül, Ö., & Gürsel, F. (2017). Taktiksel Oyun Modeli TOM. Mirzeoğlu, AD (Edt.) Model Temelli Beden Eğitimi Öğretimi, Spor Yayınevi ve Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Álvarez-Kurogi, L., Onetti, W., Fernández-García, J. C., & Castillo-Rodríguez, A. (2019). Does the psychological profile influence the position of promising young futsal players? Plos one, 14(11), e0224326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224326
  • Aparicio-Moreno, C. E., & Gómez, E. M. R. (2023). Problem-Based Learning, Social Sustainability, and Soccer. The International Journal of Sustainability Policy and Practice, 19(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1166/CGP/v19i01/45-70
  • Ashworth, J., & Heyndels, B. (2007). Selection bias and peer effects in team sports: The effect of age grouping on earnings of German soccer players. Journal of sports Economics, 8(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002506287695
  • Barba-Martín, R. A., Bores-García, D., Hortigüela-Alcalá, D., & González-Calvo, G. (2020). The application of the teaching games for understanding in physical education. Systematic review of the last six years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093330
  • Barquero-Ruiz, C., Morales-Belando, M. T., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2020). A Teaching Games for Understanding Program to Deal with Reasons for Dropout in Under-11 Football. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1759767
  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing and Consumer Research: a review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0
  • Bayraktar, B., & Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). Performance in sports, effective factors, evaluation and enhancement. Journal of Clinical Development, 22(1), 16-24.
  • Bedir, D., Yılmaz, E., Adin, S. & Büyükpolat, A. (2023). Gelişim Liginde Oynayan Futbolcuların Mevkilerine Göre Motivasyon ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Spor ve Bilim Dergisi, 1 (1), 1-9. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sporvebilim/issue/76951/1263606
  • Bingham, A. (1998). Çocuklarda Problem Çözme Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesi (Çev. A. Ferhan Oğuzkan) İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Boone, J., Vaeyens, R., Steyaert, A., Bossche, L. V., & Bourgois, J. (2012). Physical fitness of elite Belgian soccer players by player position. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2051-2057. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318239f84f
  • Brickenkamp, R., & Zillmer, E. (1998). Test d2: Concentration-Endurance Test. Gottingen, Germany: CJ Hogrefe.
  • Bunker, D., & Thorpe, R. (1982). A model for the teaching of games in the secondary school. Bulletin of Physical Education, 10, 9-16.
  • Çağlar, E., & Koruç, Z. (2006). d2 dikkat testinin sporcularda güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 58-80.
  • Çekiç, Ö., & Kurt, C. (2017). Farklı mevkilerde oynayan futbolcularda hedef yönelimi ve algılanan motivasyonel iklim arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Spor, Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 3(3), 93-102.
  • Christina, R. W., & Alpenfels, E. (2014). Influence of attentional focus on learning a swing path change. International Journal of Golf Science, 3, 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijgs.2014-0001
  • Clemente, F. M., Martins, F. M., & Mendes, R. S. (2014). Periodization based on small-sided soccer games: Theoretical considerations. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 36(5), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000067
  • de Dios-Álvarez, V., Castellano, J., Padrón-Cabo, A., & Rey, E. (2023). Do small-sided games prepare players for the worst-case scenarios of match play in elite young soccer players? Biology of Sport, 41(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.127389
  • Den Duyn, N. (1997). Game Sense Workbook. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission.
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Montero, F. C., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(03), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924294
  • Doll, W.J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument, MIS Quarterly 18(4), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.2307/249524
  • Duncan, M. J., & Al-Nakeeb, Y. (2006). Using problem based learning in sports related courses: An overview of module development and student responses in an undergraduate Sports Studies module. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 5(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.51.113
  • Duncan, M.J., Smith, M., & Cook, K. (2013). Implementing online problem based learning (PBL) in postgraduates new to both online learning and PBL: An example from strength and conditioning. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 12, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2012.11.004
  • D'zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031360
  • Ercegovac, I. R., Jukić, T., & Kegalj, A. (2020). The relationship between trainers’coaching styles and young football players’motivation. Research in Kinesiology, 48. https://doi.org/10.46705/RIK201-2003re
  • Ermiş, E. (2019). Analysis of amateur soccer players leadership levels in terms of their positions. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(6), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i6.4125
  • Firmana, I., Subarjah, H., Mahendra, A., Nuryadi, N., & Sofyan, D. (2023). Improving football playing skills through teaching games for understanding: A small-sided games approach. Journal Sport Area, 8(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(2).12508
  • Göde, O., Mavioğlu, Ç., & Erturan, G. (2007). IV. Uluslar Arası Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Kongresi: Futbol Oynayan Çocukların Asist Pas Tercihleri ile Çoklu Zekâ Alanları Arasındaki İlişki Antalya:Akdeniz Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, 09 – 11 Kasım.
  • Gonçalves, B. V., Figueira, B. E., Maçãs, V., & Sampaio, J. (2014). Effect of player position on movement behaviour, physical and physiological performances during an 11-a-side football game. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(2), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.816761
  • Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., & Babayiğit İrez, G. (2012). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 5-11.
  • Goswami, S., & Sarkar, L. N. (2016). Psychological characteristics of football players according to their playing positions. International Research Journal, 3(6), 13-24.
  • Gréhaigne, J.-F., & Godbout, P. (1995). Tactical knowledge in team sports from a constructivist and cognitivist perspective. Quest, 47(4), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1995.10484171
  • Hadler, R., Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., & Schild, J. F (2014). Children’s learning of tennis skills is facilitated by external focus instructions. Motriz, 20, 418–422. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742014000400008
  • Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2011). Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(2), 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.10.010
  • Harvey, S. (2009). A study of interscholastic soccer players perceptions of learning with game sense. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 6(1), 1–10.
  • Harvey, S., Cushion, C., & Massa-Gonzalez, A. N. (2010). Learning a new method: Teaching games for understanding in the coaches’ eyes. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15, 361–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980903535818
  • Harvey, S., Cushion, C., Wegis, H. M., & Massa-Gonzalez, A. N. (2010). Teaching games for understanding in American high-school soccer: A quantitative data analysis using the game performance assessment instrument. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15, 29–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980902729354
  • Harvey, S., & Jarrett, K. (2014). A review of the game-centred approaches to teaching and coaching literature since 2006. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19, 278–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.754005
  • Heaviside, H. J., Manley, A. J., & Hudson, J. (2018). Bridging the gap between education and employment: a case study of problem-based learning implementation in Postgraduate Sport and Exercise Psychology. Higher Education Pedagogies, 3(1), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2018.1462095
  • Heisler, S. M., & Lobinger, B. H., & Musculus, L. (2023). A developmental perspective on decision making in young soccer players: The role of executive functions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 65, 102362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102362
  • Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66
  • Hubball, H., & Butler, J. (2006). Learning-centred approaches to games education: Problem-based learning (PBL) in a Canadian youth soccer program. New Zealand Physical Educator, 39(1), 20.
  • Hung, W., Jonassen, D.H., & Liu, R. (2008). Problem-based learning. In J.M. Spector, J. G. van Merriënboer, M.D., Merrill, ve M. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications And Technology (pp. 485-506). 3rd Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203880869
  • Jones, R. L., & Turner, P. (2006). Teaching coaches to coach holistically: Can problem-based learning (PBL) help? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 11(2), 181-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980600708429
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kazak, Z. (2004). A study on reliability and validity of "The Sport Motivation Scale -SMS-" for Turkish athletes. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4), 191-206.
  • Kinnerk, P., Harvey, S., MacDonncha, C., & Lyons, M. (2018). A review of the game-based approaches to coaching literature in competitive team sport settings. Quest, 70(4), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2018.1439390
  • Kızılet, A., Erdem, K., Karagözoğlu, C., Topsakal, N., & Çalışkan, E. (2004). Futbolcularda bazı fiziksel ve motorsal özelliklerin mevkiler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 67-78.
  • Koh, P. Q., Ho, M. W., Lee, J., & Tse, H. (2018). 7th International Research Symposium on PBL: A Conceptual Framework for Choosing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) or Traditional Approaches in Sport Coaching. (p. 308).
  • Köklü, Y., Arslan, Y., & Alemdaroğlu, U. (2017). Evidence of the relative age effect in youth soccer players from Turkey. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 23(2), 33-43.
  • Konstantaki, M. (2015). Applying problem-based learning in the Sports Science Curriculum. Athens Journal of Sports, 2(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.2-1-1
  • Kurt, A. H., & İnce, G. (2022). Genç Erkek Futbolcuların Seçici Dikkat, Çeviklik, Sürat ve Teknik Beceri Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Araştırma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2021-82165
  • Launder, A. (2001). Play Practice: The Games Approach to Teaching and Coaching Sports (Adelaide, Human Kinetics).
  • Light, R. L. (2004). Coaches’ experiences of game sense: Opportunities and challenges. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 9, 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898042000294949
  • Light, R. L., & Harvey, S. (2017). Positive pedagogy for sport coaching. Sport, Education and Society, 22(2), 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1015977
  • Light, R., & Harvey, S. (2019). Positive pedagogy for sport coaching: Athlete-centred coaching for individual sports. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429266300
  • Light, R., & Harvey, S. (Eds.). (2020). Applied Positive Pedagogy in Sport Coaching: International Cases. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043812
  • Mala, L., Maly, T., Zahalka, F., & Hrasky, P. (2015). Body composition of elite youth soccer players with respect to field position. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(4), 678.
  • Marancı, B., & Müniroğlu, S. (2001). Futbol kalecileri ile diğer mevkilerde bulunan oyuncuların motorik özellikleri, reaksiyon zamanları ve vücut yağ yüzdelerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 13-26.
  • Marques, M. C., Izquierdo, M., Gabbett, T. J., Travassos, B., Branquinho, L., & van den Tillaar, R. (2016). Physical fitness profile of competitive young soccer players: Determination of positional differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(5), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116667107
  • Matos, R., Moreira, C., Alves, E., Teixeira, J. E., Rodrigues, F., Monteiro, D., ... & Forte, P. (2023). Tactical Knowledge by Decision Making and Motor Efficiency of Young Football Players in Different Playing Positions during a Three-a-Side Small-Sided Game. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040310
  • McBride R. (1992). Critical thinking – an overview with implications for physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.11.2.112
  • Metzler, M.W. (2011). Instructional models for physical education (2nd ed). Scottsdale, Arizona: Holcom Hathaway
  • Mitchell, S., Mitchell, S. A., Oslin, J., & Griffin, L. L. (2020). Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Mitchell, S., Oslin, J., & Griffin L. (2013). Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Morgan, C. T. (2010). Psikolojiye Giriş. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Mouloud, K. (2019). Level of state anxiety among youth football players according different playing positions. Sport Mont, 17(1), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.190206
  • Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., & Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000244
  • Musch, J., & Hay, R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: Cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of sport journal, 16(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.16.1.54
  • Najah, A., & Rejeb, R. B. (2015). The psychological profile of youth male soccer players in different playing positions. Advances in Physical Education, 5(03), 161. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2015.53020
  • Nalbant, Ö., Gözen, O., Özbek, M., & Erceylan, C. (2017). Futbolcularda Fiziksel ve Kondisyonel Özelliklerin Pozisyonlara Göre Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 38-49.
  • Ojala, A. L., & Thorpe, H. (2015). The role of the coach in action sports: Using a problem-based learning approach. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0096
  • Oslin, J. L., Mitchell, S. A., & Griffin, L. L. (1998). The game performance assessment instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Teaching In Physical Education, 17(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0096
  • Özdemir, M. O. , Çelenk, Ç. & Turan, M. B. (2022). Profesyonel Futbolcularda Sürekli Kaygı İle Covid-19 (Korona) Virüsüne Yakalanma Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5 (4), 844-857. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1171759
  • Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
  • Pill, S. (2012). Teaching game sense in soccer. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(3), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2012.10598746
  • Pizarro, A. P., Domínguez, A. M., Serrano, J. S., García-González, L., & Del Villar Álvarez, F. (2017). The effects of a comprehensive teaching program on dribbling and passing decisionmaking and execution skills of young footballers. Kinesiology, 49, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.49.1.6
  • Práxedes, A., Moreno, A., Sevil, J., García-González, L., & Del Villar, F. (2016). A preliminary study of the effects of a comprehensive teaching program, based on questioning, to improve tactical actions in young footballers. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 122, 742–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516649716
  • Price, A., Collins, D., & Stoszkowski, J. (2023). How do high-level youth soccer players approach and solve game problems? The role of strategic understanding. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 28(3), 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1967307
  • Rago, V., Pizzuto, F., & Raiola, G. (2017). Relationship between intermittent endurance capacity and match performance according to the playing position in sub-19 professional male football players: Preliminary results. Journal of physical education and sport, 17(2), 688.
  • Reilly, T., & Thomas, V. (1976) A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. Journal of Human Movement Studies 2, 87-89.
  • Reynolds, A. J., & McDonough, M. H. (2015). Moderated and mediated effects of coach autonomy support, coach involvement, and psychological need satisfaction on motivation in youth soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0023
  • Rienzi, E., Drust, B., Reilly, T., Carter, J.E.L., & Martin, A. (2000) Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of elite South American international soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 40, 162-169
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport. Human Kinetics. p.1-19. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718206632.0007
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Facilitating and hindering motivation, learning, and well-being in schools: Research and observations from self-determination theory. Handbook Of Motivation At School, 96.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, And Wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  • Sahin, N., Sahin, N. H., & Heppner, P. P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01177661
  • Savin-Baden, M. (2000). Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education: Untold Stories. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Seyhan, S. (2018). Süper ligde mücadele eden a takım ve u21 ligi futbolcularının mevkilere göre maksimal oksijen tüketimi değerlerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.411945
  • Taylor, J. E., & Wilson, G. E. (2005). Applying Sport Psychology: Four Perspectives. Human Kinetics.
  • Tedesqui, R. A., & Orlick, T. (2015). Brazilian elite soccer players: Exploring attentional focus in performance tasks and soccer positions. The Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0007
  • Tourny-Chollet, C., Leroy, D., Léger, H., & Beuret-Blanquart, F. (2000). Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinetics And Exercise Science, 8(4), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2000-0050
  • Ünver, D. (2021). Profesyonel futbolcularda aerobik dayanıklılık ve zihinsel dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Vallerand, R. J., & Fortier, M. S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement, 81-101.
  • Wulf, G. (2013). Attentional focus and motor learning: A review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728
  • Wulf, G., Chiviacowsky, S., Schiller, E., & Gentilini Ávila, L.T. (2010). Frequent external‐focus feedback enhances motor learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 1 (Article 190), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00190
  • Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016). Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23, 1382–1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
  • Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2020). Optimizing Attentional Focus. Handbook of Sport Psychology, 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch31
  • Wulf, G., McConnel, N., Gärtner, M., & Schwarz, A. (2002). Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external‐focus feedback. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222890209601939
  • Wulf, G., & Su, J. (2007). An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 384–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599436
  • Yaycı, L. (2013). D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 43-80. https://doi.org/10.23863/kalem.2017.19
  • Zuccolo, A., Spittle, M., & Pill, S. (2014). Game sense research in coaching: Findings and reflections. University of Sydney Papers in HMHCE, 15-30.

INVESTIGATION OF YOUTH SOCCER PLAYERS’ PROBLEM SOLVING, ATTENTION AND MOTIVATION ACCORDING TO THEIR POSITIONS

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 117 - 134, 30.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1255645

Öz

It has been considered necessary to determine young football players’ cognitive and affective characteristics along with their physical-physiological characteristics required by their positions in order to enable players to reach their potential. This research aims to compare youth football players’ problem-solving, attention, and motivation levels according to the positions they play. The research was conducted with 217 male (MAge=16.01) football players between the ages of 14-19, playing in the youth academies of professional football teams in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Problem Solving Inventory, d2 Attention Test, and Sports Motivation Scale were applied to the football players in an environment where there was no coach before the training. Kruskal Wallis Variance Analysis was used to determine whether each variable show significant difference according to players’ positions and Tamhane Test was used for multiple comparisons. There was no significant difference between the problem-solving and motivation levels of the youth players playing in different positions. The concentration points of the center-backs were found to be significantly higher than those of the right/left strikers. It is recommended that coaches design training programs that will improve the problem-solving skills of youth players and increase their intrinsic motivation.

Proje Numarası

Yok.

Kaynakça

  • Abdollahipour, R., Wulf, G., Psotta, R., & Palomo Nieto, M. (2015). Performance of a gymnastics skill benefits from an external focus of attention. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33, 1807–1813. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1012102
  • Abernethy, B. (1993). Attention. In R. N. Singer, M. Murphey and L. K. Tennant (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology New York: Macmillan. p. 127–170.
  • Akın, M., Kıreker, İ., & Köklü, Y. (2009). Comparison of 16-yearold group Professional league soccer players' some physical characteristics in terms of their league level and positions. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 1(2), 72-78.25
  • Aksum, K. M., Pokolm, M., Bjørndal, C. T., Rein, R., Memmert, D., & Jordet, G. (2021). Scanning activity in elite youth football players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(21), 2401-2410. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1935115
  • Alagül, Ö., & Gürsel, F. (2017). Taktiksel Oyun Modeli TOM. Mirzeoğlu, AD (Edt.) Model Temelli Beden Eğitimi Öğretimi, Spor Yayınevi ve Kitabevi, Ankara.
  • Álvarez-Kurogi, L., Onetti, W., Fernández-García, J. C., & Castillo-Rodríguez, A. (2019). Does the psychological profile influence the position of promising young futsal players? Plos one, 14(11), e0224326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224326
  • Aparicio-Moreno, C. E., & Gómez, E. M. R. (2023). Problem-Based Learning, Social Sustainability, and Soccer. The International Journal of Sustainability Policy and Practice, 19(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.18848/2325-1166/CGP/v19i01/45-70
  • Ashworth, J., & Heyndels, B. (2007). Selection bias and peer effects in team sports: The effect of age grouping on earnings of German soccer players. Journal of sports Economics, 8(4), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527002506287695
  • Barba-Martín, R. A., Bores-García, D., Hortigüela-Alcalá, D., & González-Calvo, G. (2020). The application of the teaching games for understanding in physical education. Systematic review of the last six years. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3330. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093330
  • Barquero-Ruiz, C., Morales-Belando, M. T., & Arias-Estero, J. L. (2020). A Teaching Games for Understanding Program to Deal with Reasons for Dropout in Under-11 Football. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1759767
  • Baumgartner, H., & Homburg, C. (1996). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing and Consumer Research: a review. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 13(2), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8116(95)00038-0
  • Bayraktar, B., & Kurtoğlu, M. (2009). Performance in sports, effective factors, evaluation and enhancement. Journal of Clinical Development, 22(1), 16-24.
  • Bedir, D., Yılmaz, E., Adin, S. & Büyükpolat, A. (2023). Gelişim Liginde Oynayan Futbolcuların Mevkilerine Göre Motivasyon ve Kaygı Düzeylerinin Karşılaştırılması. Spor ve Bilim Dergisi, 1 (1), 1-9. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/sporvebilim/issue/76951/1263606
  • Bingham, A. (1998). Çocuklarda Problem Çözme Becerilerinin Geliştirilmesi (Çev. A. Ferhan Oğuzkan) İstanbul: Milli Eğitim Basımevi.
  • Boone, J., Vaeyens, R., Steyaert, A., Bossche, L. V., & Bourgois, J. (2012). Physical fitness of elite Belgian soccer players by player position. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(8), 2051-2057. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318239f84f
  • Brickenkamp, R., & Zillmer, E. (1998). Test d2: Concentration-Endurance Test. Gottingen, Germany: CJ Hogrefe.
  • Bunker, D., & Thorpe, R. (1982). A model for the teaching of games in the secondary school. Bulletin of Physical Education, 10, 9-16.
  • Çağlar, E., & Koruç, Z. (2006). d2 dikkat testinin sporcularda güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 58-80.
  • Çekiç, Ö., & Kurt, C. (2017). Farklı mevkilerde oynayan futbolcularda hedef yönelimi ve algılanan motivasyonel iklim arasındaki ilişki. Uluslararası Spor, Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi, 3(3), 93-102.
  • Christina, R. W., & Alpenfels, E. (2014). Influence of attentional focus on learning a swing path change. International Journal of Golf Science, 3, 35–49. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijgs.2014-0001
  • Clemente, F. M., Martins, F. M., & Mendes, R. S. (2014). Periodization based on small-sided soccer games: Theoretical considerations. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 36(5), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000067
  • de Dios-Álvarez, V., Castellano, J., Padrón-Cabo, A., & Rey, E. (2023). Do small-sided games prepare players for the worst-case scenarios of match play in elite young soccer players? Biology of Sport, 41(1), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.127389
  • Den Duyn, N. (1997). Game Sense Workbook. Canberra, ACT: Australian Sports Commission.
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Montero, F. C., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(03), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-924294
  • Doll, W.J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument, MIS Quarterly 18(4), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.2307/249524
  • Duncan, M. J., & Al-Nakeeb, Y. (2006). Using problem based learning in sports related courses: An overview of module development and student responses in an undergraduate Sports Studies module. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 5(1), 50-57. https://doi.org/10.3794/johlste.51.113
  • Duncan, M.J., Smith, M., & Cook, K. (2013). Implementing online problem based learning (PBL) in postgraduates new to both online learning and PBL: An example from strength and conditioning. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 12, 79–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2012.11.004
  • D'zurilla, T. J., & Goldfried, M. R. (1971). Problem solving and behavior modification. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 78(1), 107. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0031360
  • Ercegovac, I. R., Jukić, T., & Kegalj, A. (2020). The relationship between trainers’coaching styles and young football players’motivation. Research in Kinesiology, 48. https://doi.org/10.46705/RIK201-2003re
  • Ermiş, E. (2019). Analysis of amateur soccer players leadership levels in terms of their positions. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(6), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i6.4125
  • Firmana, I., Subarjah, H., Mahendra, A., Nuryadi, N., & Sofyan, D. (2023). Improving football playing skills through teaching games for understanding: A small-sided games approach. Journal Sport Area, 8(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2023.vol8(2).12508
  • Göde, O., Mavioğlu, Ç., & Erturan, G. (2007). IV. Uluslar Arası Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Kongresi: Futbol Oynayan Çocukların Asist Pas Tercihleri ile Çoklu Zekâ Alanları Arasındaki İlişki Antalya:Akdeniz Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, 09 – 11 Kasım.
  • Gonçalves, B. V., Figueira, B. E., Maçãs, V., & Sampaio, J. (2014). Effect of player position on movement behaviour, physical and physiological performances during an 11-a-side football game. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(2), 191-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.816761
  • Göral, K., Saygın, Ö., & Babayiğit İrez, G. (2012). Profesyonel futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre görsel ve işitsel reaksiyon sürelerinin incelenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilim Dergisi, 14(1), 5-11.
  • Goswami, S., & Sarkar, L. N. (2016). Psychological characteristics of football players according to their playing positions. International Research Journal, 3(6), 13-24.
  • Gréhaigne, J.-F., & Godbout, P. (1995). Tactical knowledge in team sports from a constructivist and cognitivist perspective. Quest, 47(4), 490–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.1995.10484171
  • Hadler, R., Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., & Schild, J. F (2014). Children’s learning of tennis skills is facilitated by external focus instructions. Motriz, 20, 418–422. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1980-65742014000400008
  • Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2011). Causality orientations moderate the undermining effect of rewards on intrinsic motivation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(2), 485-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.10.010
  • Harvey, S. (2009). A study of interscholastic soccer players perceptions of learning with game sense. Asian Journal of Exercise & Sports Science, 6(1), 1–10.
  • Harvey, S., Cushion, C., & Massa-Gonzalez, A. N. (2010). Learning a new method: Teaching games for understanding in the coaches’ eyes. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15, 361–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980903535818
  • Harvey, S., Cushion, C., Wegis, H. M., & Massa-Gonzalez, A. N. (2010). Teaching games for understanding in American high-school soccer: A quantitative data analysis using the game performance assessment instrument. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 15, 29–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980902729354
  • Harvey, S., & Jarrett, K. (2014). A review of the game-centred approaches to teaching and coaching literature since 2006. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 19, 278–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2012.754005
  • Heaviside, H. J., Manley, A. J., & Hudson, J. (2018). Bridging the gap between education and employment: a case study of problem-based learning implementation in Postgraduate Sport and Exercise Psychology. Higher Education Pedagogies, 3(1), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2018.1462095
  • Heisler, S. M., & Lobinger, B. H., & Musculus, L. (2023). A developmental perspective on decision making in young soccer players: The role of executive functions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 65, 102362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102362
  • Heppner, P. P., & Petersen, C. H. (1982). The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66
  • Hubball, H., & Butler, J. (2006). Learning-centred approaches to games education: Problem-based learning (PBL) in a Canadian youth soccer program. New Zealand Physical Educator, 39(1), 20.
  • Hung, W., Jonassen, D.H., & Liu, R. (2008). Problem-based learning. In J.M. Spector, J. G. van Merriënboer, M.D., Merrill, ve M. Driscoll (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications And Technology (pp. 485-506). 3rd Ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203880869
  • Jones, R. L., & Turner, P. (2006). Teaching coaches to coach holistically: Can problem-based learning (PBL) help? Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 11(2), 181-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980600708429
  • Karasar, N. (2011). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kazak, Z. (2004). A study on reliability and validity of "The Sport Motivation Scale -SMS-" for Turkish athletes. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(4), 191-206.
  • Kinnerk, P., Harvey, S., MacDonncha, C., & Lyons, M. (2018). A review of the game-based approaches to coaching literature in competitive team sport settings. Quest, 70(4), 401-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2018.1439390
  • Kızılet, A., Erdem, K., Karagözoğlu, C., Topsakal, N., & Çalışkan, E. (2004). Futbolcularda bazı fiziksel ve motorsal özelliklerin mevkiler açısından değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(3), 67-78.
  • Koh, P. Q., Ho, M. W., Lee, J., & Tse, H. (2018). 7th International Research Symposium on PBL: A Conceptual Framework for Choosing Problem-Based Learning (PBL) or Traditional Approaches in Sport Coaching. (p. 308).
  • Köklü, Y., Arslan, Y., & Alemdaroğlu, U. (2017). Evidence of the relative age effect in youth soccer players from Turkey. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 23(2), 33-43.
  • Konstantaki, M. (2015). Applying problem-based learning in the Sports Science Curriculum. Athens Journal of Sports, 2(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.2-1-1
  • Kurt, A. H., & İnce, G. (2022). Genç Erkek Futbolcuların Seçici Dikkat, Çeviklik, Sürat ve Teknik Beceri Performansları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Araştırma. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2021-82165
  • Launder, A. (2001). Play Practice: The Games Approach to Teaching and Coaching Sports (Adelaide, Human Kinetics).
  • Light, R. L. (2004). Coaches’ experiences of game sense: Opportunities and challenges. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 9, 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1080/1740898042000294949
  • Light, R. L., & Harvey, S. (2017). Positive pedagogy for sport coaching. Sport, Education and Society, 22(2), 271-287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1015977
  • Light, R., & Harvey, S. (2019). Positive pedagogy for sport coaching: Athlete-centred coaching for individual sports. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429266300
  • Light, R., & Harvey, S. (Eds.). (2020). Applied Positive Pedagogy in Sport Coaching: International Cases. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003043812
  • Mala, L., Maly, T., Zahalka, F., & Hrasky, P. (2015). Body composition of elite youth soccer players with respect to field position. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(4), 678.
  • Marancı, B., & Müniroğlu, S. (2001). Futbol kalecileri ile diğer mevkilerde bulunan oyuncuların motorik özellikleri, reaksiyon zamanları ve vücut yağ yüzdelerinin karşılaştırılması. Gazi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(3), 13-26.
  • Marques, M. C., Izquierdo, M., Gabbett, T. J., Travassos, B., Branquinho, L., & van den Tillaar, R. (2016). Physical fitness profile of competitive young soccer players: Determination of positional differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 11(5), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954116667107
  • Matos, R., Moreira, C., Alves, E., Teixeira, J. E., Rodrigues, F., Monteiro, D., ... & Forte, P. (2023). Tactical Knowledge by Decision Making and Motor Efficiency of Young Football Players in Different Playing Positions during a Three-a-Side Small-Sided Game. Behavioral Sciences, 13(4), 310. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13040310
  • McBride R. (1992). Critical thinking – an overview with implications for physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 11, 112–125. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.11.2.112
  • Metzler, M.W. (2011). Instructional models for physical education (2nd ed). Scottsdale, Arizona: Holcom Hathaway
  • Mitchell, S., Mitchell, S. A., Oslin, J., & Griffin, L. L. (2020). Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach. Human Kinetics Publishers.
  • Mitchell, S., Oslin, J., & Griffin L. (2013). Teaching sport concepts and skills: A tactical games approach (3rd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Morgan, C. T. (2010). Psikolojiye Giriş. Eğitim Yayınevi.
  • Mouloud, K. (2019). Level of state anxiety among youth football players according different playing positions. Sport Mont, 17(1), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.190206
  • Mülazımoğlu, O., Cihan, H., Erdoğdu, M., & Şirin, E. F. (2013). Türkiye’deki bazı futbol kulüplerinin profesyonel ve alt yapı takımlarında bağıl yaş etkisi. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1501/Sporm_0000000244
  • Musch, J., & Hay, R. (1999). The relative age effect in soccer: Cross-cultural evidence for a systematic discrimination against children born late in the competition year. Sociology of sport journal, 16(1), 54-64. https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.16.1.54
  • Najah, A., & Rejeb, R. B. (2015). The psychological profile of youth male soccer players in different playing positions. Advances in Physical Education, 5(03), 161. https://doi.org/10.4236/ape.2015.53020
  • Nalbant, Ö., Gözen, O., Özbek, M., & Erceylan, C. (2017). Futbolcularda Fiziksel ve Kondisyonel Özelliklerin Pozisyonlara Göre Değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 38-49.
  • Ojala, A. L., & Thorpe, H. (2015). The role of the coach in action sports: Using a problem-based learning approach. International Sport Coaching Journal, 2(1), 64-71. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0096
  • Oslin, J. L., Mitchell, S. A., & Griffin, L. L. (1998). The game performance assessment instrument (GPAI): Development and preliminary validation. Journal of Teaching In Physical Education, 17(2), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1123/iscj.2014-0096
  • Özdemir, M. O. , Çelenk, Ç. & Turan, M. B. (2022). Profesyonel Futbolcularda Sürekli Kaygı İle Covid-19 (Korona) Virüsüne Yakalanma Kaygısı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5 (4), 844-857. https://doi.org/10.38021/asbid.1171759
  • Pelletier, L. G., Tuson, K. M., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Briere, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35-53. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.17.1.35
  • Pill, S. (2012). Teaching game sense in soccer. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(3), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2012.10598746
  • Pizarro, A. P., Domínguez, A. M., Serrano, J. S., García-González, L., & Del Villar Álvarez, F. (2017). The effects of a comprehensive teaching program on dribbling and passing decisionmaking and execution skills of young footballers. Kinesiology, 49, 74–83. https://doi.org/10.26582/k.49.1.6
  • Práxedes, A., Moreno, A., Sevil, J., García-González, L., & Del Villar, F. (2016). A preliminary study of the effects of a comprehensive teaching program, based on questioning, to improve tactical actions in young footballers. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 122, 742–756. https://doi.org/10.1177/0031512516649716
  • Price, A., Collins, D., & Stoszkowski, J. (2023). How do high-level youth soccer players approach and solve game problems? The role of strategic understanding. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 28(3), 229-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.1967307
  • Rago, V., Pizzuto, F., & Raiola, G. (2017). Relationship between intermittent endurance capacity and match performance according to the playing position in sub-19 professional male football players: Preliminary results. Journal of physical education and sport, 17(2), 688.
  • Reilly, T., & Thomas, V. (1976) A motion analysis of work-rate in different positional roles in professional football match-play. Journal of Human Movement Studies 2, 87-89.
  • Reynolds, A. J., & McDonough, M. H. (2015). Moderated and mediated effects of coach autonomy support, coach involvement, and psychological need satisfaction on motivation in youth soccer. The Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0023
  • Rienzi, E., Drust, B., Reilly, T., Carter, J.E.L., & Martin, A. (2000) Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of elite South American international soccer players. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 40, 162-169
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport. Human Kinetics. p.1-19. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781718206632.0007
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2016). Facilitating and hindering motivation, learning, and well-being in schools: Research and observations from self-determination theory. Handbook Of Motivation At School, 96.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, And Wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  • Sahin, N., Sahin, N. H., & Heppner, P. P. (1993). Psychometric properties of the problem solving inventory in a group of Turkish university students. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01177661
  • Savin-Baden, M. (2000). Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education: Untold Stories. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
  • Seyhan, S. (2018). Süper ligde mücadele eden a takım ve u21 ligi futbolcularının mevkilere göre maksimal oksijen tüketimi değerlerinin incelenmesi. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.31680/gaunjss.411945
  • Taylor, J. E., & Wilson, G. E. (2005). Applying Sport Psychology: Four Perspectives. Human Kinetics.
  • Tedesqui, R. A., & Orlick, T. (2015). Brazilian elite soccer players: Exploring attentional focus in performance tasks and soccer positions. The Sport Psychologist, 29(1), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.2014-0007
  • Tourny-Chollet, C., Leroy, D., Léger, H., & Beuret-Blanquart, F. (2000). Isokinetic knee muscle strength of soccer players according to their position. Isokinetics And Exercise Science, 8(4), 187-193. https://doi.org/10.3233/IES-2000-0050
  • Ünver, D. (2021). Profesyonel futbolcularda aerobik dayanıklılık ve zihinsel dayanıklılık arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Vallerand, R. J., & Fortier, M. S. (1998). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in sport and physical activity: A review and critique. Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology Measurement, 81-101.
  • Wulf, G. (2013). Attentional focus and motor learning: A review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 6, 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2012.723728
  • Wulf, G., Chiviacowsky, S., Schiller, E., & Gentilini Ávila, L.T. (2010). Frequent external‐focus feedback enhances motor learning. Frontiers in Psychology, 1 (Article 190), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00190
  • Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016). Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23, 1382–1414. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
  • Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2020). Optimizing Attentional Focus. Handbook of Sport Psychology, 651-665. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch31
  • Wulf, G., McConnel, N., Gärtner, M., & Schwarz, A. (2002). Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external‐focus feedback. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34, 171–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222890209601939
  • Wulf, G., & Su, J. (2007). An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 78, 384–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2007.10599436
  • Yaycı, L. (2013). D2 dikkat testinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kalem Uluslararası Eğitim ve İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 43-80. https://doi.org/10.23863/kalem.2017.19
  • Zuccolo, A., Spittle, M., & Pill, S. (2014). Game sense research in coaching: Findings and reflections. University of Sydney Papers in HMHCE, 15-30.
Toplam 107 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Spor Hekimliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Halil Emre Çınargür 0000-0001-5169-5875

Gökçe Erturan 0000-0002-1461-2679

Proje Numarası Yok.
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Eylül 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Çınargür, H. E., & Erturan, G. (2023). ALTYAPI FUTBOL OYUNCULARININ MEVKİLERİNE GÖRE PROBLEM ÇÖZME, DİKKAT VE MOTİVASYON DÜZEYLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi Ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 117-134. https://doi.org/10.33689/spormetre.1255645

Flag Counter