Araştırma Makalesi
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A Look on the Rumination Tendency in terms of Learned Passivity: Predictive Roles of the Perceived Protective and Authoritarian Parental Attitudes and Traditional Gender Role Perceptions

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 8, 298 - 319, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.988545

Öz

The aim of this study was to examine the predictive power of protective and authoritarian parental attitudes and traditional gender role perceptions in young adults’ rumination tendencies. The study group consisted of 513 university students, 397 of whom were women and 116 were men, Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Parental Attitude Scale, Socialization of Gender Norms Scale and Demographic Information Form were used as data collection tools in the research. According to the findings, it was found that rumination tendency of women was significantly higher than that of men. Perceived protective and authoritarian parental attitudes and traditional gender role perceptions explained 17% of the variance in rumination tendency in women. On the men, perceived protective parental attitudes and traditional gender role perceptions created significant regression model and explained 10% of the variance in the rumination tendency. The findings were discussed in the light of the related literature and some suggestions were presented on the basis of limitations.

Kaynakça

  • Altınova, H. H. ve Duyan, V. (2013). Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ölçeğinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Society & Social Work, 24(2),9-22.
  • Atak, H. & Çok, F. (2010). A new period in human life: Emerging adulthood. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Mental Health, 17(1), 39-50.
  • Arıcı, F. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin algılar ve psikolojik iyi oluş. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
  • Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004
  • Bayar, Ö., Haskan Avcı, Ö. ve Koç, M. (2018). Erkek Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü Stresi Ölçeği’nin (ETCRSÖ) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 57-76.
  • Bugay, A. ve Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2011). Ruminasyon düzeyinin toplumsal cinsiyet ve yaşa göre incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 191-201.
  • Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of clinical psychology, 65(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
  • Broderick, P., C., & Korteland, C. (2002). Coping style and depression in early adolescence: Relationships to gender, gender role, and implicit beliefs. Sex Roles, 46, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019946714220
  • Broderick, P. C., & Korteland, C. (2004). A prospective study of rumination and depression in early adolescence. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(3), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104504043920
  • Can, A. (2014). Spss ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carter, M., J. (2014). Gender socialization and Identity Theory. Social Sciences, 3, 242–263. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3020242
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1
  • Esen, E. Soylu, Y., Siyez, D. M., ve Demirgürz, G. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algısının toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 46-63.
  • Gaté, M. A., Watkins, E. R., Simmons, J. G., Byrne, M. L., Schwartz, O.S., Whittle S., & Allen N.B. (2013). Maternal parenting behaviors and adolescent depression: The mediating role of rumination. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(3), 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.755927
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94.
  • Hilt, L. M., Armstrong, J. M. & Essex, M. J. (2012). Early family context and development of adolescent ruminative style: Moderation by temperament. Cognition and Emotion, 26(5), 916-926. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.621932
  • Hsu, K. J., Beard, C., Rifkin, L., Dillon, D. G. Pizzagalli, D. A & Björgvinsson, T. (2015). Transdiagnostic mechanisms in depression and anxiety: The role of rumination and attentional control. Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 188(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.008
  • Hyde, J. S. & Mezulis, A. H. (2020). Gender differences in depression: biological, affective, cognitive, and sociocultural factors. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000230
  • Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013). Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019
  • Jose, P., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(2), 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9166-y
  • Karatepe, H., D. (2010). Ruminatif düşünme biçimi ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Psikiyatri Uzmanlık Tezi, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi 13. Psikiyatri Kliniği, İstanbul.
  • Kuzgun, Y. ve Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2005). Ana baba tutumları ölçeği (ergenler ve yetişkinler için). İçinde Y. Kuzgun, ve F. Bacanlı (Ed.) Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmada kullanılan ölçme araçları ve programları dizisi: 1, PDR’de kullanılan ölçekler (ss. 53-70). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Layous, K., Chancellor, J., & Nelson, S. K. (2015). Thinking about rumination: The scholarly contributions and intellectual legacy of Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112733
  • Lyubomirsky, S. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.339
  • Maccoby, E. E. & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of family: Parent child interaction. In. P. Mussen & E. M Hetherington (Eds.) Handbook of child psyhology: socialition, personality and social development, (pp. 1-101). New York: Willey.
  • Manfredi, C., Caselli, G., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F., Ruggiero, G. M., Sassaroli, S., & Spada, M. M. (2011). Temperament and parental styles as predictors of ruminative brooding and worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.023
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed.), Advances in social cognition, Vol. 9. Ruminative thoughts (p. 1–47). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Matthews, G., & Wells, A. (2004) Rumination, depression, and metacognition: The S-REF model. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Rumination: Nature, theory, and treatment (pp. 125-151). Chichester: Wiley.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.569
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). An interactive model for the emergence of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(4), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0404_5
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061–1072. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Jackson, B. (2001). Mediators of the gender difference in rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00005
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination association for psychological science. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 3(5), 400-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
  • Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2009). A prospective test of the clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2009.2.2.123
  • Robinson, M., & Alloy, L. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023914416469
  • Rood, L., Roelofs, J., Bögels, S. M., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schouten, E. (2009). The influence of emotion-focused rumination and distraction on depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.001
  • Schweizer, T. H., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Laptook, R. S. & Klein, D. N. (2018). Developmental origins of rumination in middle childhood: The roles of early temperament and positive parenting. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47, 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1359787
  • Shawa, Z. A., Hiltb, L. M., & Starra, L. R. (2019). The developmental origins of ruminative response style: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101780
  • Sideridis, G. D., & Kafetsios, K. (2008). Perceived parental bonding, fear of failure and stress during class presentations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407087210
  • Simonson, J., Mezulis, A., & Davis, K. (2011). Socialized to ruminate? Gender role mediates the sex difference in rumination for ınterpersonal events. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(9), 937-959. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.9.937
  • Spasojević, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2002). Who becomes a depressive ruminator? Developmental antecedents of ruminative response style. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 16, 405-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088983902780935713
  • Stanton, A. L., Kirk, S. B., Cameron, C. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: scale construction and validation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(6), 1150–1169. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1150
  • Strauss, J., Muday, T., McNall, K & Wong, M. (1997). Response style theory revisited: Gender differences and stereotypes in rumination and distraction. Sex Roles, 36, 771-792. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025679223514
  • Verstraeten, K., Bijttebier, P., Vasey, M. W., & Raes, F. (2011). Specificity of worry and rumination in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in children. The British journal of clinical psychology, 50(4), 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466510X532715
  • Watkins E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological bulletin, 134(2), 163–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163
  • Watkins, E. R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2014). A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination. Journal of abnormal psychology, 123(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035540
  • Wang, K., Lu, H., Cheung, E. F. C., Neumann, D. L., Shum, D. H. K., & Chan, R. C. K. (2016). “Female preponderance” of depression in non-clinical populations: A meta-analytic study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01398

Ruminasyon Eğilimine Öğrenilmiş Pasiflik Yönünden Bakış: Koruyucu ve Otoriter Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Geleneksel Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü Algılarının Yordayıcı Rolleri

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 8, 298 - 319, 21.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.988545

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, koruyucu ve otoriter ebeveyn tutumları ile geleneksel cinsiyet rolü algılarının genç yetişkinlerin ruminasyon eğilimi üzerindeki yordayıcı rollerini incelemektir. Çalışma grubunu, yaşları 18 ve 29 arasında değişen, 397’si kadın ve 116’sı erkek olmak üzere toplam 513 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği, Anne-Baba Tutumları Envanteri, Toplumsal Cinsiyet Oluşumu Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Momentler Çarpım Korelasyonu Analizi, t-Testi ve Hiyerarşik Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre kadınların ruminasyon eğiliminin erkeklere göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Kadın örnekleminde, algılanan koruyucu ve otoriter ebeveyn tutumları ile geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet rolü algıları, ruminasyon eğilimindeki varyansın %17’sini açıklamıştır. Erkek örnekleminde ise algılanan koruyucu ebeveyn tutumları ile geleneksel cinsiyet rolü algıları anlamlı bir regresyon modeli oluşturmuş ve varyansın %10’ununu açıklamıştır. Bulgular ilgili literatür ışığında tartışılmış ve sınırlılıklar temelinde uygulayıcılar ve araştırmacılar için bazı öneriler sunulmuştur. 

Kaynakça

  • Altınova, H. H. ve Duyan, V. (2013). Toplumsal cinsiyet algısı ölçeğinin geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Society & Social Work, 24(2),9-22.
  • Atak, H. & Çok, F. (2010). A new period in human life: Emerging adulthood. Journal of Childhood and Adolescence Mental Health, 17(1), 39-50.
  • Arıcı, F. (2011). Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet rollerine ilişkin algılar ve psikolojik iyi oluş. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara.
  • Arnett, J.J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.
  • Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431691111004
  • Bayar, Ö., Haskan Avcı, Ö. ve Koç, M. (2018). Erkek Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü Stresi Ölçeği’nin (ETCRSÖ) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Fakültesi Dergisi, 18 (1), 57-76.
  • Bugay, A. ve Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2011). Ruminasyon düzeyinin toplumsal cinsiyet ve yaşa göre incelenmesi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36), 191-201.
  • Brinker, J. K., & Dozois, D. J. (2009). Ruminative thought style and depressed mood. Journal of clinical psychology, 65(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20542
  • Broderick, P., C., & Korteland, C. (2002). Coping style and depression in early adolescence: Relationships to gender, gender role, and implicit beliefs. Sex Roles, 46, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019946714220
  • Broderick, P. C., & Korteland, C. (2004). A prospective study of rumination and depression in early adolescence. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(3), 383–394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104504043920
  • Can, A. (2014). Spss ile bilimsel araştırma sürecinde nicel veri analizi. (2. Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Carter, M., J. (2014). Gender socialization and Identity Theory. Social Sciences, 3, 242–263. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci3020242
  • Eisenberg, N., Cumberland, A., & Spinrad, T. L. (1998). Parental socialization of emotion. Psychological Inquiry, 9, 241–273. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0904_1
  • Esen, E. Soylu, Y., Siyez, D. M., ve Demirgürz, G. (2017). Üniversite öğrencilerinde toplumsal cinsiyet algısının toplumsal cinsiyet rolü ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 46-63.
  • Gaté, M. A., Watkins, E. R., Simmons, J. G., Byrne, M. L., Schwartz, O.S., Whittle S., & Allen N.B. (2013). Maternal parenting behaviors and adolescent depression: The mediating role of rumination. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(3), 348–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.755927
  • Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94.
  • Hilt, L. M., Armstrong, J. M. & Essex, M. J. (2012). Early family context and development of adolescent ruminative style: Moderation by temperament. Cognition and Emotion, 26(5), 916-926. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2011.621932
  • Hsu, K. J., Beard, C., Rifkin, L., Dillon, D. G. Pizzagalli, D. A & Björgvinsson, T. (2015). Transdiagnostic mechanisms in depression and anxiety: The role of rumination and attentional control. Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 188(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.008
  • Hyde, J. S. & Mezulis, A. H. (2020). Gender differences in depression: biological, affective, cognitive, and sociocultural factors. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 4-13. https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000230
  • Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013). Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 55, 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019
  • Jose, P., & Brown, I. (2008). When does the gender difference in rumination begin? Gender and age differences in the use of rumination by adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37(2), 180-192. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9166-y
  • Karatepe, H., D. (2010). Ruminatif düşünme biçimi ölçeği’nin Türkçe uyarlaması, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Psikiyatri Uzmanlık Tezi, T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Bakırköy Prof. Dr. Mazhar Osman Ruh Sağlığı ve Sinir Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi 13. Psikiyatri Kliniği, İstanbul.
  • Kuzgun, Y. ve Eldeleklioğlu, J. (2005). Ana baba tutumları ölçeği (ergenler ve yetişkinler için). İçinde Y. Kuzgun, ve F. Bacanlı (Ed.) Rehberlik ve psikolojik danışmada kullanılan ölçme araçları ve programları dizisi: 1, PDR’de kullanılan ölçekler (ss. 53-70). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Lyubomirsky, S., Layous, K., Chancellor, J., & Nelson, S. K. (2015). Thinking about rumination: The scholarly contributions and intellectual legacy of Susan Nolen-Hoeksema. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112733
  • Lyubomirsky, S. & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1993). Self-perpetuating properties of dysphoric rumination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(2), 339–349. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.339
  • Maccoby, E. E. & Martin, J. A. (1983). Socialization in the context of family: Parent child interaction. In. P. Mussen & E. M Hetherington (Eds.) Handbook of child psyhology: socialition, personality and social development, (pp. 1-101). New York: Willey.
  • Manfredi, C., Caselli, G., Rebecchi, D., Rovetto, F., Ruggiero, G. M., Sassaroli, S., & Spada, M. M. (2011). Temperament and parental styles as predictors of ruminative brooding and worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 186–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.023
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer, Jr. (Ed.), Advances in social cognition, Vol. 9. Ruminative thoughts (p. 1–47). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Matthews, G., & Wells, A. (2004) Rumination, depression, and metacognition: The S-REF model. In C. Papageorgiou & A. Wells (Eds.), Rumination: Nature, theory, and treatment (pp. 125-151). Chichester: Wiley.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(4), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.100.4.569
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1994). An interactive model for the emergence of gender differences in depression in adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 4(4), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327795jra0404_5
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Larson, J., & Grayson, C. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1061–1072. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.5.1061
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Jackson, B. (2001). Mediators of the gender difference in rumination. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 25, 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.00005
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E. ve Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination association for psychological science. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 3(5), 400-424. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6924.2008.00088.x
  • Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2009). A prospective test of the clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 2(2), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1521/ijct.2009.2.2.123
  • Robinson, M., & Alloy, L. (2003). Negative cognitive styles and stress-reactive rumination interact to predict depression: A prospective study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023914416469
  • Rood, L., Roelofs, J., Bögels, S. M., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schouten, E. (2009). The influence of emotion-focused rumination and distraction on depressive symptoms in non-clinical youth: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 607-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.07.001
  • Schweizer, T. H., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M. W., Laptook, R. S. & Klein, D. N. (2018). Developmental origins of rumination in middle childhood: The roles of early temperament and positive parenting. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47, 409–420. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1359787
  • Shawa, Z. A., Hiltb, L. M., & Starra, L. R. (2019). The developmental origins of ruminative response style: An integrative review. Clinical Psychology Review, 74, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101780
  • Sideridis, G. D., & Kafetsios, K. (2008). Perceived parental bonding, fear of failure and stress during class presentations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 32(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407087210
  • Simonson, J., Mezulis, A., & Davis, K. (2011). Socialized to ruminate? Gender role mediates the sex difference in rumination for ınterpersonal events. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 30(9), 937-959. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2011.30.9.937
  • Spasojević, J., & Alloy, L. B. (2002). Who becomes a depressive ruminator? Developmental antecedents of ruminative response style. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 16, 405-418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/088983902780935713
  • Stanton, A. L., Kirk, S. B., Cameron, C. L., & Danoff-Burg, S. (2000). Coping through emotional approach: scale construction and validation. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(6), 1150–1169. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.78.6.1150
  • Strauss, J., Muday, T., McNall, K & Wong, M. (1997). Response style theory revisited: Gender differences and stereotypes in rumination and distraction. Sex Roles, 36, 771-792. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025679223514
  • Verstraeten, K., Bijttebier, P., Vasey, M. W., & Raes, F. (2011). Specificity of worry and rumination in the development of anxiety and depressive symptoms in children. The British journal of clinical psychology, 50(4), 364–378. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466510X532715
  • Watkins E. R. (2008). Constructive and unconstructive repetitive thought. Psychological bulletin, 134(2), 163–206. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.163
  • Watkins, E. R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2014). A habit-goal framework of depressive rumination. Journal of abnormal psychology, 123(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035540
  • Wang, K., Lu, H., Cheung, E. F. C., Neumann, D. L., Shum, D. H. K., & Chan, R. C. K. (2016). “Female preponderance” of depression in non-clinical populations: A meta-analytic study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01398
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Saadet Zümbül 0000-0002-3812-3482

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 22 Nisan 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Nisan 2022
Kabul Tarihi 14 Nisan 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 8

Kaynak Göster

APA Zümbül, S. (2022). Ruminasyon Eğilimine Öğrenilmiş Pasiflik Yönünden Bakış: Koruyucu ve Otoriter Ebeveyn Tutumları ile Geleneksel Toplumsal Cinsiyet Rolü Algılarının Yordayıcı Rolleri. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Akademi Dergisi, 4(8), 298-319. https://doi.org/10.47994/usbad.988545

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