Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

DIŞ TİCARETE AÇILMAK SAĞLIK DÜZEYİNİN YÜKSELTİLMESİNDE ETKİLİ MİDİR? ÜST-ORTA GELİRLİ ÜLKELER İÇİN PANEL VERİ ANALİZİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 23 - 33, 20.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.730047

Öz

Sınır ötesi ticaret yoluyla sermaye ve mal, teknoloji ve bilginin diğer ülkelere aktarılması, ülkeler arasında ekonomik bütünleşmeye yol açmıştır. Bu durum birçok alanda bireylerin yaşam standardında ve dolayısıyla refahında değişikliğe neden olmuştur. Bu değişim, ülkelerin sağlık düzeylerini de etkileyebilmektedir. Özellikle dış ticaret yoluyla yeni teknoloji ve bilgilerin ülkelere aktarılacak, yeni tedavi ve hastalıklarla ilgili yöntem ve uygulamalar ülkelerin sağlık düzeylerinin etkilenmesinde rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ticaret açıklığının ülkelerdeki sağlık düzeyine olan etkisi literatürde tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Dış ticaretin sağlık düzeyi üzerindeki etkisi yeni tartışma alanı olarak, özellikle az gelişmekte ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için dikkat çekmektir. Bu çalışmada, 1990-2017 yılları arasında panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak, Dünya Bankası sınıflandırmasında üst-orta gelir düzeyinde bulunan 13 Orta Doğu ve Asya ülkelerinin dış açıklığının sağlık çıktılarına etkisi incelenmektedir. Bulgular, ticaret açıklığının her iki sağlık çıktısı (bebek ölüm ve yaşam beklentisi) için de istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve olumlu bir etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, kişi başına düşen GSYH’nin ve Ar-Ge harcamalarının gelir içindeki payının sağlık düzeyine pozitif ve anlamlı etkisi, bu ülkelerin dış ticarete odaklanarak, yeni teknolojilerin ve bilginin yayılmasını artırarak sağlık sonuçlarında iyileştirme etkisi olduğunu da oraya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Antweiler W., Copeland. B. & Taylor, S. (2001). “Is Free Trade Good for The Environment? American Economic Review, 91(4): 877–908.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. (2nd Ed.). UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Bergh A. & Nilsson, T. (2010). “Good for Living? On the Relationship Between Globalization and Life Expectancy”, World Development, 38(9):1191–1203.
  • Bettcher, D. W., Yach D. & Guindon, G, E. (2000). “Global Trade and Health: Key Linkages and Future Challenges” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78 (4).
  • Bussmann, M. (2009). “The Effect of Trade Openness on Women’s Welfare and work Life”, World Development, 37(6):1027–1038.
  • Cavallo, E. & Frankel, J. (2008). “Does Openness to Trade Make Countries More Vulnerable to Sudden Stops, Or Less? Using Gravity to Establish Causality”. Journal of International Money Finance, 27(8):1430–1452.
  • Coe, D.T. & Helpman, E. (1995). “International R&D spillovers”, Eur Economic Review 39:859–887.
  • Dollar, D. (1992). “Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Grow More Rapidly: Evidence From 95 LDCs, 1976–1985”. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40 (3): 523–544.
  • Edwards, S. (1998). “Openness, Productivity and Growth: What Do We Really Know?”, Economic Journal, 108 (447): 383.
  • Frankel, JA & Rose, A.K. (2005). “Is Trade Good or Bad for The Environment? Sorting Out The Causality”, Rev Econ Stat 87(1):85–91.
  • Frankel J. & Romer, D. (1999). “Does Trade Cause Growth”, American Economics Review 89(3):379–399.
  • Gatti, R. (2004). “Explaining Corruption: Are Open Countries Less Corrupt?”, J Int Dev 16(6):851–861.
  • Goldzweig, C.L., Towfigh, A., Maglione, M. & Shekelle, P.G. (2009), “Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology: New Trends from the Literature”, Health Affairs, 28(2), 282-293.
  • Grossman, M. & Krueger, A.B. (1995). “Economic Growth and The Environment”, Q. J Econ 110(2):353–377.
  • Harrison, A. (1996). “Openness and Growth: A Time-Series, Cross-Country Analysis for Developing Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 48:419–447.
  • Jawadi, F., Gouddi, S.E., Ftiti, Z. & Kacem, A. (2018). “Assessing the Effect of Trade Openness on Health in the MENA Region: A Panel Data Analysis”, Open Econ Review, 29:469–479.
  • Joumard, I., André, C., Nicq, C. & Chatal, O, (2008), “Health Status Determinants Lifestyle, Environment, Health Care Resources and Efficiency”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 627.
  • Levine DI, Rothman D (2006). “Does Trade Affect Child Health?”, Journal Health Economics 25:538–554.
  • Managi, S., Hibiki, A. & Tsurumi, T. (2009). “Does Trade Openness Improve Environmental Quality?” Journal of Environment Economic Management 58(3):346–363.
  • Owen, A.L. & Wu, S. (2007). “Is Trade Good for Your Health?”, Review of International Economics, 15(4):660–682.
  • Perdue, W.C., Stone, L.A, & Gostin, L.O. (2003), “The Built Environment and its Relationship to the Public’s Health: The Legal Framework”, American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1390-1394.
  • Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A. & Trabbi, F. (2004). “Institutions Rule: The Primacy Of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development”, Journal of Economic Growth 9:131–165.
  • Sachs, J. & Warner, A (1995). “Economic Convergence and Economic Policies”, NBER Working Paper No. W5039, February 1995.
  • Sandholtz, W. & Gray, M.M (2003). “International integration and national corruption”. Int Organ 57(4):761–800.
  • WHO (2000). “The World Health Report 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance”, The World Health Organization, Geneva.
  • Yach, D. & Bettcher D.W. (1998). “The Globalization of Public Health. I: Threats and Opportunities”, American Journal of Public Health, 88: 735–738.
  • Sachs J & Warner A. (1995). “Economic Convergence and Economic Policies.” NBER Working Paper No. W5039, February.
  • Sorenson, C., Drummond, M. & Khan, B. B. (2013). “Medical Technology as a Key Driver of Rising Health Expenditure: Disentangling the Relationship”, ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research:5.
  • Rodriguez F. & Rodrik D. (1998). “Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Sceptic’s Guide to Cross-National Evidence”, NBER Working Paper No. W7081.

IS TRADE OPENNESS IMPACT ON HEALTH LEVEL RISING? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA ACROSS UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 23 - 33, 20.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.730047

Öz

The transfer of capital and goods, technology and information to other countries through cross-border trade has led to economic integration among countries. This situation has caused the change in the life structure of the individuals in many areas and thus the welfare as well. This change may also affect the health levels of countries. Particularly, with the new technology and knowledge, the methods and practices related to new treatment and diseases to be transferred to countries via foreign trade have played a role in influencing the health levels of countries. In this respect, the importance of trade openness on impact of the level of health in countries also has begun to be discussed. The new discussion area in foreign trade for healthcare is that the trade openness level whether impact on health outcomes for especially in the less development and developing countries.
This study examines the effect of trade openness on the health outcomes of 13 countries in upper-middle income- World Bank classification- Middle East and Asia countries by using a panel data method over 1990-2017. Our finding shows that the trade openness has a statistically significant and positive effect for both health outcomes. In addition, the positive and significant effect of GDP per capita and R&D expenditures share in GDP on health level are also among the other notable results of the study that it has impact on improving the health outcomes through the spillover of new technologies and information with more focus on foreign trade in these countries.

Kaynakça

  • Antweiler W., Copeland. B. & Taylor, S. (2001). “Is Free Trade Good for The Environment? American Economic Review, 91(4): 877–908.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data. (2nd Ed.). UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
  • Bergh A. & Nilsson, T. (2010). “Good for Living? On the Relationship Between Globalization and Life Expectancy”, World Development, 38(9):1191–1203.
  • Bettcher, D. W., Yach D. & Guindon, G, E. (2000). “Global Trade and Health: Key Linkages and Future Challenges” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78 (4).
  • Bussmann, M. (2009). “The Effect of Trade Openness on Women’s Welfare and work Life”, World Development, 37(6):1027–1038.
  • Cavallo, E. & Frankel, J. (2008). “Does Openness to Trade Make Countries More Vulnerable to Sudden Stops, Or Less? Using Gravity to Establish Causality”. Journal of International Money Finance, 27(8):1430–1452.
  • Coe, D.T. & Helpman, E. (1995). “International R&D spillovers”, Eur Economic Review 39:859–887.
  • Dollar, D. (1992). “Outward-Oriented Developing Economies Really Grow More Rapidly: Evidence From 95 LDCs, 1976–1985”. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40 (3): 523–544.
  • Edwards, S. (1998). “Openness, Productivity and Growth: What Do We Really Know?”, Economic Journal, 108 (447): 383.
  • Frankel, JA & Rose, A.K. (2005). “Is Trade Good or Bad for The Environment? Sorting Out The Causality”, Rev Econ Stat 87(1):85–91.
  • Frankel J. & Romer, D. (1999). “Does Trade Cause Growth”, American Economics Review 89(3):379–399.
  • Gatti, R. (2004). “Explaining Corruption: Are Open Countries Less Corrupt?”, J Int Dev 16(6):851–861.
  • Goldzweig, C.L., Towfigh, A., Maglione, M. & Shekelle, P.G. (2009), “Costs and Benefits of Health Information Technology: New Trends from the Literature”, Health Affairs, 28(2), 282-293.
  • Grossman, M. & Krueger, A.B. (1995). “Economic Growth and The Environment”, Q. J Econ 110(2):353–377.
  • Harrison, A. (1996). “Openness and Growth: A Time-Series, Cross-Country Analysis for Developing Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 48:419–447.
  • Jawadi, F., Gouddi, S.E., Ftiti, Z. & Kacem, A. (2018). “Assessing the Effect of Trade Openness on Health in the MENA Region: A Panel Data Analysis”, Open Econ Review, 29:469–479.
  • Joumard, I., André, C., Nicq, C. & Chatal, O, (2008), “Health Status Determinants Lifestyle, Environment, Health Care Resources and Efficiency”, OECD Economics Department Working Papers, No. 627.
  • Levine DI, Rothman D (2006). “Does Trade Affect Child Health?”, Journal Health Economics 25:538–554.
  • Managi, S., Hibiki, A. & Tsurumi, T. (2009). “Does Trade Openness Improve Environmental Quality?” Journal of Environment Economic Management 58(3):346–363.
  • Owen, A.L. & Wu, S. (2007). “Is Trade Good for Your Health?”, Review of International Economics, 15(4):660–682.
  • Perdue, W.C., Stone, L.A, & Gostin, L.O. (2003), “The Built Environment and its Relationship to the Public’s Health: The Legal Framework”, American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1390-1394.
  • Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A. & Trabbi, F. (2004). “Institutions Rule: The Primacy Of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development”, Journal of Economic Growth 9:131–165.
  • Sachs, J. & Warner, A (1995). “Economic Convergence and Economic Policies”, NBER Working Paper No. W5039, February 1995.
  • Sandholtz, W. & Gray, M.M (2003). “International integration and national corruption”. Int Organ 57(4):761–800.
  • WHO (2000). “The World Health Report 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance”, The World Health Organization, Geneva.
  • Yach, D. & Bettcher D.W. (1998). “The Globalization of Public Health. I: Threats and Opportunities”, American Journal of Public Health, 88: 735–738.
  • Sachs J & Warner A. (1995). “Economic Convergence and Economic Policies.” NBER Working Paper No. W5039, February.
  • Sorenson, C., Drummond, M. & Khan, B. B. (2013). “Medical Technology as a Key Driver of Rising Health Expenditure: Disentangling the Relationship”, ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research:5.
  • Rodriguez F. & Rodrik D. (1998). “Trade Policy and Economic Growth: A Sceptic’s Guide to Cross-National Evidence”, NBER Working Paper No. W7081.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçe Manavgat 0000-0003-3729-835X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 30 Nisan 2020
Kabul Tarihi 26 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Manavgat, G. (2020). IS TRADE OPENNESS IMPACT ON HEALTH LEVEL RISING? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL DATA ACROSS UPPER-MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES. Uluslararası İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(1), 23-33. https://doi.org/10.29131/uiibd.730047

ARAŞTIRMA VE YAYIN ETİĞİNE İLİŞKİN DERGİ POLİTİKAMIZ

Etik Kurul izni gerektiren çalışmalar (anket ya da ölçek uygulamayı gerektiren, görüşme ve gözlem içeren; doküman, resim, anket vb. diğerleri tarafından geliştirilen ve kullanım izni gerektiren çalışmalar) için etik kurullardan ya da komisyonlardan gerekli izinlerin araştırma yapılmadan önce alınmış olması, bunların makale içeriğinde belirtilmesi ya da ek olarak sunulması gerekmektedir. Bu izinlerin olmaması durumunda yayın ön inceleme safhasında yazara iade edilir.  

Diğer yandan, Araştırma Makalelerinde verisi 2020 yılından önce toplanmış makaleler için ETİK KURUL İZNİ istenmemektedir. Ancak yine bu makalelerde de yöntem kısmında verilerin toplanma tarihlerine ilişkin bilgilere yer verilmesi gerekmektedir.

Hakem değerlendirmelerinde olan araştırmalara ilişkin ham verilerin hakemler tarafından talep edildiğinde sunulması şarttır. Verilerin makalenin yayımı sonrasında da gerektiğinde sağlanması zorunludur. 

MAKALE BENZERLİK RAPORU VE BENZERLİK ORANI HAKKINDA DERGİ POLİTİKAMIZ


Aday makaleler akademik intihal engelleme programından (Örneğin: Turnitin, Ithenticate, intihal.net vb.) alınmış orijinallik raporu ile birlikte gönderilmelidir. Bu oran %20'ye kadar kabul edilmektedir. %20'nin üzerinde benzerlik oranı olan çalışmalar ön kontrol aşamasında iade edilecektir.

ISSN: 2149 - 5823