Research Article
B2O3 Effect on Tribological Properties of Bronze Based Ceramic Reinforced Brake Pads Produced by Electric Current Assisted Sintering Method
Abstract
Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to produce brake pads for military vehicles operating in difficult terrain conditions, especially tanks. Using Bronze (Cu, 11% Sn), Al2O3, B2O3 and graphite powder, whose powder sizes vary between 3-45 μm, as starting materials, bronze-based brake pads were manufactured by the ECAS method with a waiting time of 8 minutes in the current range of 900-1200A. Properties of the produced samples; It was determined by metallographic (SEM) examinations, phase analysis (XRD, SEM-EDS), density, hardness and wear studies. While relative densities of 98.26%, 98.97% and 98.08% were obtained in samples with 2%, 4% and 6% B2O3 by weight, respectively, the hardness values were determined as 258, 402 and 385 Hv, the friction coefficient was approximately 0.67, 0.51 and 0.72, and the wear rates were approximately It was determined as 0.83, 0.46 and 1.1 mm3/Nm.
References
- Abdel-Rahim, Y.M., Darwish, S.M., 2010. Generalized braking characteristics of friction pad synthetic graphite composites. Tribology International, 43, 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.003
- Albayrak, B., 2009. Bronz Balataların Üretimi ve Performans Testleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 113.
- Blau, P.J., 2001. Compositions, functions, and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, 38 .
- Boz, M., and Kurt, A., 2000. Relationship between density and friction coefficient in powder metal bronze brake lining. In Proceedings of the second international conference on P/M, Cluj-Napoka, Romania, 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0657(01)80393-3
- Chak, V., Chattopadhyay, H., Dora, T. L., 2020. A review on fabrication methods, reinforcements and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.042
- Cho, M.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D., Jang, H. 2005. Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an experimental case study. Wear, 258, 1682- 1687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.021
- Cordier, A., Kleitz, M., Steil, C., 2012. Welding of yttrium-doped zirconia granules by electric current activated sintering (ecas): protrusion formation as a possible intermediate step in the consolidation mechanism. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 32, 1473–1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.12.022
- Gültekin, D., 2007. Metal matriksli kompozit fren diski, balatası üretimi ve karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 231.
- Karadeniz, Ç., 2023. Mekanik alaşımlı bor türev takviyeli fren balatalarının tribolojik performanslarının incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Iğdır Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Iğdır, 130.
- Kato, T., Akira, M., 1994. The wear of aramid fiber reinforced brake pads: the role of aramid fibers. Tribology Transactions, 37, 559 – 565. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009408983329 Kurt, A., Boz, A., 2005. Wear behaviour of organic asbestos based and bronze based powder metal Brake Linings, Materials and Design, 26, 717-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.09.006
- Liu, T., Rhee, S. K., 1978. High temperature wear of semimetallic disc brake pads. Wear, 46, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(78)90122-9
- Mohanty, S., Chugh, Y.P., 2007. Development of fly ash-based automotive brake lining. Tribology International, 40, 7, 1217-1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.01.005
- Mahdrıbın ZB, 1995. Analysis of disc brake squeal using the finite element method. PhD, thesis, University of Leeds, England, 286.
- Morshed, M.M., Haseeb A.S.M.A., 2004. Physical and chemical characteristics of commercially available brake shoe lining materials: a comparative study. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155, 1422–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.232
- Soy, U., 2009. SiC/B4C takviyeli metal matriks kompozit üretimi ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 296.
- Sur, G., Kayabaşı, İ., 2019. Hafif metal matrisli kompozit malzeme üretim sisteminin tasarım, imalat ve performansının incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 63-79. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.414933
- Uyyuru, R.K., Surappa, M.K., Brusethaug, S., 2007. Tribological behavior of Al–Si–SiCp composites / automobile brake pad system under dry sliding conditions. Tribology International, 40, 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.10.012
- Yanmaz, L., and Sahin, C., F., 2023. Investigation of the density and microstructure homogeneity of square-shaped B4C-ZrB2 composites produced by spark plasma sintering method. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 43, 1295–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.026
Elektrik Akımı Destekli Sinterleme Yöntemi ile Üretilen Bronz Esaslı Seramik Takviyeli Fren Balatalarının Tribolojik Özelliklerine B2O3 Etkisi
Abstract
Bu çalışma kapsamında başta tanklar olmak üzere zorlu arazi şartlarında görev yapan askeri araçlar için balata üretimi hedeflenmiştir. Toz boyutları 3-45 μm aralığında değişim gösteren Bronz (Cu, %11 Sn), Al2O3, B2O3 ve grafit tozu başlangıç malzemesi olarak kullanılarak, 900-1200A akım aralığında 8 dakika bekleme süresi ile Elektrik Akımı Destekli Sinterleme (ECAS) yöntemiyle bronz esaslı balata imalatı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretilen numunelerin özellikleri; metalografik (SEM) incelemeler, faz analizi (XRD, SEM-EDS), yoğunluk, sertlik ve aşınma çalışmaları ile belirlenmiştir. Ağırlıkça %2, %4 ve %6 B2O3 ilaveli numunelerde sırasıyla %98.26, %98.97, %98.08 nispi yoğunluklar elde edilirken, sertlik değerleri 258, 402 ve 385 Hv olarak belirlenmiş ve sürtünme katsayısı yaklaşık 0.67, 0.51 ve 0.72 olup aşınma oranları ise yaklaşık 0.83, 0.46 ve 1.1 mm3/Nm olarak tespit edilmiştir.
Supporting Institution
Sakarya Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi
References
- Abdel-Rahim, Y.M., Darwish, S.M., 2010. Generalized braking characteristics of friction pad synthetic graphite composites. Tribology International, 43, 838–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2009.12.003
- Albayrak, B., 2009. Bronz Balataların Üretimi ve Performans Testleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 113.
- Blau, P.J., 2001. Compositions, functions, and testing of friction brake materials and their additives. Oak Ridge National Lab., Oak Ridge, 38 .
- Boz, M., and Kurt, A., 2000. Relationship between density and friction coefficient in powder metal bronze brake lining. In Proceedings of the second international conference on P/M, Cluj-Napoka, Romania, 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0657(01)80393-3
- Chak, V., Chattopadhyay, H., Dora, T. L., 2020. A review on fabrication methods, reinforcements and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 56, 1059-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.05.042
- Cho, M.H., Kim, S.J., Kim, D., Jang, H. 2005. Effects of ingredients on tribological characteristics of a brake lining: an experimental case study. Wear, 258, 1682- 1687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2004.11.021
- Cordier, A., Kleitz, M., Steil, C., 2012. Welding of yttrium-doped zirconia granules by electric current activated sintering (ecas): protrusion formation as a possible intermediate step in the consolidation mechanism. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 32, 1473–1479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.12.022
- Gültekin, D., 2007. Metal matriksli kompozit fren diski, balatası üretimi ve karakterizasyonu, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 231.
- Karadeniz, Ç., 2023. Mekanik alaşımlı bor türev takviyeli fren balatalarının tribolojik performanslarının incelenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Iğdır Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Iğdır, 130.
- Kato, T., Akira, M., 1994. The wear of aramid fiber reinforced brake pads: the role of aramid fibers. Tribology Transactions, 37, 559 – 565. https://doi.org/10.1080/10402009408983329 Kurt, A., Boz, A., 2005. Wear behaviour of organic asbestos based and bronze based powder metal Brake Linings, Materials and Design, 26, 717-721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.09.006
- Liu, T., Rhee, S. K., 1978. High temperature wear of semimetallic disc brake pads. Wear, 46, 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(78)90122-9
- Mohanty, S., Chugh, Y.P., 2007. Development of fly ash-based automotive brake lining. Tribology International, 40, 7, 1217-1224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2007.01.005
- Mahdrıbın ZB, 1995. Analysis of disc brake squeal using the finite element method. PhD, thesis, University of Leeds, England, 286.
- Morshed, M.M., Haseeb A.S.M.A., 2004. Physical and chemical characteristics of commercially available brake shoe lining materials: a comparative study. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 155, 1422–1427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.232
- Soy, U., 2009. SiC/B4C takviyeli metal matriks kompozit üretimi ve mekanik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sakarya, 296.
- Sur, G., Kayabaşı, İ., 2019. Hafif metal matrisli kompozit malzeme üretim sisteminin tasarım, imalat ve performansının incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 7, 63-79. https://doi.org/10.29109/gujsc.414933
- Uyyuru, R.K., Surappa, M.K., Brusethaug, S., 2007. Tribological behavior of Al–Si–SiCp composites / automobile brake pad system under dry sliding conditions. Tribology International, 40, 365-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.10.012
- Yanmaz, L., and Sahin, C., F., 2023. Investigation of the density and microstructure homogeneity of square-shaped B4C-ZrB2 composites produced by spark plasma sintering method. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 43, 1295–1302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.11.026
There are 18 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Material Characterization |
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | April 14, 2024 |
| Publication Date | April 29, 2024 |
| Submission Date | June 23, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 24 Issue: 2 |
